CONCRETE ESTIMATION Estimating Concrete : SLAB - FOOTING - COLUMN - BEAM - STAIR What is Concrete?

Concrete is an artificial stone made from the mixture of stone aggregates and sand with the bonding of cement and water as paste. There are 3 types of concrete according to their weight. These are the lightweight concrete, medium stone concrete and heavyweight concrete. Lightweight concrete is used for insulation as low density concrete concrete, and filler over light gage steel floor panels as medium to structural strength concrete. Medium stone concrete is widely known as structural concrete usually used for general construction. Heavyweight concrete is used for shielding from gamma and radiation in nuclear reactors and similar structures. What is Cement? Cement is a powder that is produced from a burned mixture chiefly of clay and limestone. The different types of cement used for construction are: 1. ordinary Portland cement 2. rapid hardening Portland cement used if the work requires an early achievement of strength 3. Portland blast furnace/sulphate is being used in chemical exposure shielding 4. low heat Portland cement used for a massive structural section to reduce the heat of hydration. 5 Portland pozzolan cement preferred for a slow hardening concrete works 6. High alumina cement has a very high rate of strength development compared to the ordinary Portland cement. It is a different chemical composition form that of Portland. It is not advisable to mix it with the other types of cement. The main chemical composition of cement are lime(60-65%), silica (18-25%), alumina (3-8%), ironoxide (0.5-5%), magnesia (2-5%) and sulfur trioxide (1-5%). Basic Principles in Concrete Mixing: 1. Water to be used in the concrete mixing shall be clean and free from oils, acids, alkali, organic materials and other substances that may hinder the bonding of concrete and steel, as well as the required strength of concrete. 2. Fresh concrete must be workable. 3. The hardened concrete must be load-bearing as designed. 4. The concrete must be produced economically between the water-cement ratio or aggregatecement ratio.

Slab ITEM 1

1. Refer to Foundation Plan The length of the floor is 7.00m. The width of the floor is 6.00m. The thickness is 0.10m. Multiply: l x w x t = 7.00 x 6.00 x .10 = 4.20 cum

Table 1. CONCRETE PROPORTION

CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL Cement : Sand: Gravel 40kg/bag cu.m cu.m 1:1:3 AA 12.0 0.50 1.0 1 : 2 :4 A 9.0 0.50 1.0 1:2:5 B 7.50 0.50 1.0 1 : 3 :5 C 6.0 0.50 1.0

2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "C" mixture for concrete slab. Multiply: For cement: 4.20 cum x 6.00 = 25.20 bags For sand: 4.20 cum x .50 = 2.10 cum For gravel: 4.20 cum x 1.00 = 4.20 cum

ITEM 2. Estimating for the Concrete Flooring at the Upper Floor.

Solution: 1. Refer to Attic Floor Beam Plan. The length of the floor is 7.00m.

The width of the floor is 6.00m. Multiply: l x w = 7.00 x 6.00 = 42.00 sqm. 2. The stair well occupies an area of (3.05m x 2.00m) 6.10 sqm. Subtract: = 42.00 sqm - 6.10sqm = 35.90 sqm. 3. Refer to Slab Detail. The thickness of the slab is 0.10m. Multiply: 35.90sq x .10m = 3.59 cum

4. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "B" mixture for concrete slab. Multiply: For cement: 3.59 cum x 7.50 = 26.93 bags For sand: 3.59 cum x .50 =1.795 cum For gravel: 3.59 cum x 1.00 = 3.59 cum

Summary of Concrete for Slab: Cement: = 25.20 + 26.93 = 52.13, say 52 bags Sand: = 2.10 + 1.795 = 3.895, say 4 cum Gravel: = 4.20 + 3.59 = 7.79, say 8 cum Summary of Concrete for Slab: Cement: = 25.20 + 26.93 = 52.13, say 52 bags Sand: = 2.10 + 1.795 = 3.895, say 4 cum Gravel: = 4.20 + 3.59 = 7.79, say 8 cum

Concrete Estimation Footing ITEM 1. Estimating for the Concrete Footing

Solution: 1. Refer to Foundation Plan. There are 11 footings for columns. Based on the CF details, F1 & F2 have the same dimensions. Multiply: = 1.00 x 1.00 x .20 = 0.20m x 11 footings. = 2.20 cum

Table 1. CONCRETE PROPORTION 2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "B" mixture for CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL concrete footing. Multiply: Cement : Sand: Gravel 40kg/bag cu.m cu.m For cement: 2.20 cum x 7.50 = 16.50 1:1:3 bags AA 12.0 0.50 1.0 For sand: 2.20 cum x .50 = 1.10 cum 1 : 2 :4 For gravel: 2.20 cum x 1.00 = 2.20 cum A 9.0 0.50 1.0 1:2:5 B 7.50 0.50 1.0 1 : 3 :5 C 6.0 0.50 1.0

Summary of Concrete for Footing: Cement: = 16.50, say 17 bags Sand: =1.10, say 1 cum Gravel: = 2.20, say 2.50 cum

Column Estimating Concrete :SLAB - FOOTING - COLUMN - BEAM - STAIR ITEM 1. Estimating for the Concrete Columns

Solution: 1. Refer to Foundation Plan. There are 11 columns. Based on the CF details, C1 & C 2 have the same dimensions of .20m x .30m. From the NGL, the depth of a column is (1.00 -0.20) is 0.80m. From the Cross Section, the column has the total height up to the Attic Floor Line of 2.80m and from the Attic Floor Line up to RB is 1.00 m. The Total height of a column is ( .80 + 2.80 + 1.00 ) 5.04m. Multiply: = 5.04m x 11 columns x .20 x .30 = 3.33 cum 2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "A" mixture for concrete column. Table 1. Multiply: CONCRETE PROPORTION For cement: 3.30 cum x 9.00 = 29.97 bags 3.30 cum x .50 = 1.67 cum CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL For sand: For gravel: 3.30 cum x 1.00 = 3.30 cum Cement : Sand: Gravel 40kg/bag cu.m cu.m 1:1:3 AA 12.0 0.50 1.0 1 : 2 :4 A 9.0 0.50 1.0 1:2:5 B 7.50 0.50 1.0 1 : 3 :5 C 6.0 0.50 1.0

Summary of Concrete for Columns: Cement: = 29.97, say 30 bags Sand: = 1.67, say 2 cum Gravel: = 3.30, say 3.50 cum Concrete Estimation Beam Estimating Concrete :SLAB - FOOTING - COLUMN - BEAM - STAIR ITEM 1. Estimating for the Footing Tie Beams

Solution: 1. Refer to Foundation Plan. Solve for the total length of the TB and TBWF only. = 7.00+7.00+6.00+6.00+6.00 = 32.00m From the TB Detail, we have the dimensions of 0.20 x 0.30 m. Multiply: = 32.00m x 0.20 x 0.30 = 1.92 cum

2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "B" mixture for concrete beam. Table 1. Multiply: CONCRETE PROPORTION For cement: 1.92 cum x 7.50 = 14.40 bags 1.92 cum x .50 = 1.67 cum CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL For sand: For gravel: 1.92 cum x 1.00 = 3.30 cum Cement : Sand: Gravel 40kg/bag cu.m cu.m 1:1:3 AA 12.0 0.50 1.0 1 : 2 :4 A 9.0 0.50 1.0 1:2:5 B 7.50 0.50 1.0 1 : 3 :5 C 6.0 0.50 1.0 ITEM 2. Estimating for the Concrete Attic Floor Beams

Solution: 1. Refer to Attic Floor Beam Plan. Solve for the total length of the FB1 and FB2. = 7.00+7.00+6.00+6.00+6.00+6.00+2.00 = 40.00m From the FB Detail, we have the dimensions of 0.20 x 0.40 m. Multiply: = 40.00m x 0.20 x 0.40 = 3.20 cum 2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "B" mixture for concrete column. Multiply: For cement: 3.20 cum x 7.50 = 24.00 bags For sand: 3.20 cum x .50 = 1.60 cum For gravel: 3.20 cum x 1.00 = 3.20 cum ITEM 3. Estimating for the Concrete Roof Beams

Solution: 1. Refer to Roof Framing Plan. Solve for the total length of RB. = 7.00+7.00+6.00+6.00 = 26.00m From the FB Detail, we have the dimensions of 0.20 x 0.40 m. Multiply: = 26.00m x .20 x .40 = 2.08 cum 2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "B" mixture for concrete column. Multiply: For cement: 2.08 cum x 7.50 = 15.60 bags For sand: 2.08 cum x .50 = 1.04 cum For gravel: 2.08 cum x 1.00 = 2.08 cum Summary of Concrete for Beams: Cement: = 14.40 + 24.00 + 15.60 = 54 bags Sand: = 1.67 + 1.60 + 1.04 = 4.31, say 4.5 cum Gravel: = 3.30 +3.20 + 2.08 = 8.58, say 9 cum

Concrete Estimation Stair ITEM 1. Estimating for the Concrete Stair

Solution: 1. Refer to Stair Detail. Landing: 1.00 x 2.00 x 0.15 m = 0.30 cum Stringer: 1st flight run: 1.80 1st flight rise: 1.40 stringer length ( (1.802 + 1.402) = 2.28m stringer thickness: .15m stair width : 1.00 Multiply: = 2.28m x 1.00m .15m = 0.342cum For two flights : = 0.342cum x 2 = 0.684cum Tread and Riser approximate thickness: .18m length of stair: = 2.28m x 2 = 4.56m Compute: (4.56m x .18m)/2 = 4.10cum

Lintel Beam: .10m x .40m length : 1.00m Multiply : = 0.10 x .40 x 1.00 = 0.04 cum Compute total volume: = 0.30+ 0.684 + 4.10 + 0.0.4 = 5.124 cum 2. Refer to Table 1 for concrete mixture. Say, we will use the Class "C" mixture for concrete stair. Table 1. CONCRETE PROPORTION

CLASS MIXTURE CEMENT SAND GRAVEL Cement : Sand: Gravel 40kg/bag cu.m cu.m 1:1:3 AA 12.0 0.50 1.0 1 : 2 :4 A 9.0 0.50 1.0 1:2:5 B 7.50 0.50 1.0 1 : 3 :5 C 6.0 0.50 1.0 Summary of Concrete for Stair: Cement: = 30.71, say 31 bags Sand: = 2.562, say 3 cum Gravel: = 5.124, say 5 cum

Multiply: For cement: 5.124 cum x 6.00 = 30.71 bags For sand: 5.124 cum x .50 = 2.562 cum For gravel: 5.124 cum x 1.00 = 5.124 cum