SPECIAL
1 -.fl-"":!**,*^
FEATURE SECTION.
Dto Imft
SrXDAY, MARCH 14,
101.1.
ri&ime
SUSLSU II'.Wl..**'! '--..''
is-J.Wi'iJIISSBSWWa!
SPECIAL FEATURE SECTION.
?iff r*. atH/re-xaaisT-i
TART V. EIGHT PAGES.
PART V.
EIGHT PAGES.
OM.VILLE WRIGHT ON AEROPLANE IN EUROPE'S WAR
INVENTOR
THINKS ONE FLYING MACHINE OUTVALUES SQUADRON OF
SCOUTS.
By EARL N. FINDLAY.
THE most tremendous conflict In human history has reached a condition of stalemate because of the aeroplane, '..verted by Wilbur snd Orville at Wrigrit. Dayton, Ohio. Man's eldest game, war. hss been checked by h^s '."'vest. to try to interview Orville It was decided publisher recently ofWr.-'-t *t his home. A on the stabilizer, words 500 fcr 1500 not accept. He has a most did Wright Mr. but
..--
newspaper and magazine irritt:"?: trait wher To hirn it is more pleas ^-ncetned. are men One dollar to ant t.-1 experiment than explain. then, should him. Why. not move a sot ! .* when all he could he eonsenl to be interviewed, In his an interruption was of it out hope to get
'
ditions were favorable. That was the cue for Homeric laughter. AS THERE ARE QUIETER MEN, BUT, DEAD. ARE THEY MARK TWAIN SAID. if he If any one should ask Orville Wright he for publication interviewed enjoys being tell the truth about it, just as would ther did in the early days about he ano one is likely to ask him Hut their flights.
It a snother of those justly famous Wright my**'' in 1903, The originel Wright Mystery began to 1908, on through .rid continued unabated continuously flying. When ifthough thrv were by representa ssked by their neighbors andwhat they were governments I -c;n 11 tives the truth. told always c d.iys they doint in con were flying.when said they they That is,
work?
eed verbal confirmation. once pencil The v.: lei took out his pad and back again. in Dayton. And then he put them seemed this. Hope do to him No one asked
who
.
of intera for the ti ilth.no one who has job interviewer a be would poor It lo. , .-..
poinl as to the Asked for an expression of opinion machine, war by the flying the in lyed Mr. Wright said: had had aeroplanes and the "If in Germany would have been on cthethis. The country short
to
'
at way.
the observations desired he is in constant da ger of being shot by the enemy, and that if 1 ascends to a safe altitude he i- unable to di tinguish those things, such as the nature the country and the massing of troops, that h commanding officer most wants to know?" "When I flew over Dayton," he replied, was a mile high, and I could pick out a co\ At that height, which is comparatively sal from earth attack, if a man on the groun moves you can see him without glasses. Yc can distinguish at that height whether the pe son is a man or a woman. But if two person were standing together you might not be abl to tell them from a horse.
'
Matomi SUtoe- f Cirad Which
Have Produced Salemale im Steife WcMiilld Be "i eu a Mice Mess."
ti eat
WHAT HAPPENS TO A LANDSCAP1
in a nice mess. aerop!;. c would have beenhad been without
>n now
fighting
war
nes
when the
began she would
not
the rate r, I
Mr. the t
miles a minute. WHEN .IKING ON AEROPLANES OME'S AIM IS OF NO CONSEQUENCE. of was asked what he thought
two
wings of stalematr because of motor-driven the air at through scouts gauze t tat carried
Horre, lied with
Wright We were sitting in the office of theSoldiers' was the far away Not company. who had known no
men
bel
against that the only fire effective of infantry, an aeroplane is that of a regiment of there is a very large percentage inin wl wide dispersion lesultant poor shore, the aeroplane's be creas.-ii* the probability of the usual error the despite ing hit in a vital spot, been ad has in estimating range. This theory book. vanced in a recent learn "The time will come when they will "During he replied. at to shoot aeroplanes," it im the Ci**i1 War we would have thought could we something at shoot to e.er possible and don't not see. Now we have the range,
need daylight." a He fc i been diverted by the suggestion of "Why the question: French savant who raises man argues worry ret the air raids?" This from the air that whenever an attack is made rifles and mitrailleuses are put into action. Evety bullet fired into the air, he takes pains
the Frenchman, in the neighborhood the speed metre* a lecond.that is to say, with of a revolver bullet; consequently sufficient to kill a man. So the number killed by French have bulle's, thia scientist tries to prove, must bombs. German slain by exceeded the number Elementary scientific reasoning, he declares, would have prevented this accident. "I think that idea is very ingenious," said my Mr. Wright, "but there is some doubt in feet descent.600 the mind as to the speed of * second."
to assert,
Wright
r.ewspapers said to have been taken from mile in the air, but it is true in most cases, a an experienced flier can see at a glance, tha they were taken about four hundred feet u[t because the hills and other features of thi landscape are shown clearly. "Except for this inability to distinguish th< nature of the land, whether hilly or flat, th, higher up you go the better view you get. "You have no sense cf speed when flyinp high. Even at 1,000 feet you can't appreciati ve fact that you are going more than three or four miles an hour. You begin to lose the sense of swift movement from the time you leave the ground. At that moment you seem to be travelling very fast. But when you leave the earth it begins to spread out, and every thing slows down in proportion to the alti tude you attain." The conversation turned to the French and British aeroplane raids in Belgium, particularly as to the reported dropping of 240 bombs In
ONE MII.E BELOW. "But here's the thing. At one mile you can' pick out the hills. The country looks perfect ly flat. We see pictures in the magazines am
by frequent trips to and from the Russian base they kept the column supplied with ammuni
tion. "That is why the countries engaged in this war are adding to their aeroplanes as rapidly as possible," said Mr. Wright. "In England, which was not as well prepared in this re spect as the other countries, they have been turning out sixty aeroplanes a week, according to advices I have received from London. "During the last three years Germany has spent between $5.000,000 and $6,000,000 a year in the aeronautical department, France has spent a like amount and England the same. "Two hundred and twenty-live thousand dollars to $250,000 in the United States his
been
our
throujhthe rifmy's lines in safety, and
ORVILLE
WRIGHT,
The* Man of Mystery in Arronautics.
"All the bomb throwing from aeroplanes and in dirigibles.what has it amounted to?" he high explosive which quired. "Granted a new desired when dropped would produce the effect from an aeroplane, one has still to hit the mark." THIS MATTER OK BOMB DROPPING IS
must have hit the enemy in a "Bomb dropping is out of the
one
attack.
"The three foreign countries mentioned have been spending between $15,000,000 and $20,000,000 a year for aeroplanes and dirigibles. chiefly aeroplanes. And Germany, with all her faith in the dirigibles, has spent as much on aeroplanes as any other country. Russia has been doing a lot in the last year or so, but I don't know how much. We don't hear so much from Russia and Austria." An official statement giving statistics con cerning the flights of the French airmen dur ing the eight months of the war, says: "Approximately 10,000 aerial reconnaissances have been made, amounting to 18,000 hours in the air. The distance coveied was 1,800,000 kilometres (over 1.116,OtO miles, which would amount to about forty-four times around the
biggest appropriation
up to this year.
to falls back with a speed, according of 200
It
was
A'DELICATE AFFAIR. of those bombs suggested that some vulnerable
earth."
A
spot.
QUESTION
ordinary; it
TO WHICH THE SILENT COUNTRIES GIVE NO ANSWER.
machines is for speed. Flying will never be a great sport until sportsmen tly for the love of flying. "The wrong way foi a man to go about it is to purchase a speed machine so powerful he must employ some one to operate it for him. I have known cases of the sort where men who in other respects were splendid sportsmen have failed to develop the proper enthusiasm for flying because they devoted all their energies at first to buying the most pow erful motor on the market. They were with out experience in (lying, and hired aerial chauf feurs to carry them about, with the result that they soon tired of the experiment. "Flying must be something that a man wants to do in the same way he yearns for a game of golf, and he must have the same desire to play his own game. "There is no doubt that aeroplanes will be used for carrying mails before long. It will be only a very few years. The only thing that is holding it back now is the necessity for a more reliable machine. "The mail carrying flyer must go more like clockwork. It is only a mechanical problem. Our school machine has been in use since 1910, and is about as good as it ever was. Motors are being improved to-day all over the world. "When you remember that the early motor car had a beer keg for a radiator.I had a photograph of such a contrivance, but it was lost in the flood.the development of the aero plane has been more rapid in details than the automobile."
A MOTORLKSS MACHINE STATION ARY IN AIR FOR ONE MINUTE.
high speed is greater with a monoplane. "Flying is going to be a great sport some day, but just now the whole trend of the war
efficiency
at
biplane than
FEATS OF THE EYE
The
war
ACCOMPLISHED
IN THE AIR.
5'att.rent that
from one source the average a'mesphen.; in a machine i ransparnr. y a a bright of 2.000 feet could make o** I Beet uti* * vessels at a distance of at least fitty 1 miles.
has
on a da of an observer
brought
of 100 fcrt at Kill Devil Hill he could v*"sels at a distance of ten miles, the vessels beir>r> small sailing craft. Submarines can be discovered readily by men flying above them. Army men have found n*t unless the water is very muddy, at an altiUt*e of about 700 feet submarine mines are .shncaly visible from the air above, and that **m an altitude of 2,000 feet the movements * submarine torpedo boat may be easily ob served. not true." Mr. Wright was asked. at if an aviator flies low enough to make
see
This prompted Mr. Wright to relate some Personal experiences on which he bases his be"ri that the aeroplane as a scouting agent is the most efficient yet produced. From a height
receives more attention, that is all." he con to tinued. "But they haven't so far been able, The them. wanted where they put the bomLs for skill of the operator hasn't been sufficient will I think war. they this in bomb dropping is be a good deal more skilful when the war over than they are now. "It must be absolutely quiet to do it. It takes very little wind to change the course of troubles with the a bomb. O c of the great wind is to judge your aeroplane speed over the to make allowance for the ground. You have wind. If you are going with the wind it will unless its speed carry the bomb over the mark, to a nicety. calculated been have and your own "For instance, if you should try to touch a certain spot when jumping off a fast moving it. train it is probable you would not touch the Your momentum is your speed over on depends, in an aeroplane, the ground, and that whether you are travelling with or against wind. They will get instruments some day that will show them all these things."
"What type of aeroplane is doing the best work in the war?" Mr. Wright was asked. "We'll have to wait awhile before we can know what's happened," said Mr. Wright. "It will be most interesting when we get the oft..ial reports. We can't find out much by reading the newspapers. Countless scouting of which expeditions in the air are being madenature of we hear nothing at all. The very the activity makes it impossible that we should be informed about it. "I think the most important part played by the aeroplane in this war is something of which, up to date, no real details have been told us. Scouting trips that have brought all the armies to standstill will not be described perhaps until after the war is over, but tiiere can be no question that they are being made constantly and are of the utmost value. Hut
difficulty in avoiding the dropped bombs,
he adds: "Bomb
anu
THE ENEMY HAS NOT LANGUISHED THROUGH LACK OF ATTENTION. It is definitely known that each side has been upon the continuously engaged in experiments Mr. What Wright bombs. other by means of had said was interesting in the light of reports by trained observers, one of whom asserts that the French, at least, have indicated they will give this up as a bad job. According to
this
man. even
dropping at night is highly haras the thrown at. but the animated tar gets have the consolation that, like lightning, an aeroplanist never strikes twice in the same
sing
to
JjJ J
In the
the moral effect has worn off. daytime marching t.-oops have had no
have to look out for submarines, but aeroplanes will be worse. Bombs dropped down the fun nels will do fearful damage, and a tremendous amount of harm will result when munition trair.s are attacked from the air. "But General French'-, reports, and the re-
place." "When bomb dropping can be done accurate ly," Mr. Wright said, "not only will vessels
secretly from one point to another. Arsenals and supply wagons are being protei-ted by aero
ports of all the generals, just speik o: the aero plane as a scouting machine. Ore aeroplane may conceivably be of greater value than a squadron of scouts. That >s the vitally impcrtant service the'aeroplane is rendering in the presnt war. It is no longer possible tor a general to conceal his troops, or to move them
scouting expedition.-, are not ocing described by the generals for publication. "France, Germany and En-jhind each claim their machines are doin^ the best. Nearly
plane as w!l as guards of soldiery." A recent dispatch from Warsaw stated
Russian aeroplanes saved
two
that
two
regiments
in East Prussia.
of the 29th Division during the recent retreat Hovering over the heads of
the soldiers the airmen
guided them in their re-
all the German machines are slow.about sixty miles an hour. Some few fly eventy, and a very few above that. A big percentage of French machines are biplanes; what percent ige I don't know. 'But all the newer, later types have been biplane.;. They are turning to them for strength, and because they are more compact. You can build fast biplanes. There is very little difference, however, except in trussing But in a biplane an observer's v.cw is far la obstructed. And, too, the weight carrying
It was evening. In the afternoon we had vi.ited the field where the Wright brothers carried on their early experiments. It is only eight miles northeast of Dayton. A trolley line passes it, the same trolley line that passed it then; two roads meet there, roads on which farmers drive to town and hack again, now as they did then Nothing could be more open and accessible than tins eighty-acre field. Nothing could be less mysterious. It is as prominent in its way as the Woolworth Tower. Mr. Wright pointed to a machine in the shed. It was the one in which he made the experi ments at Kitty Hawk, N. C, in 1911, when he remained stationary in the air for one minute r.d hovered over one spot fifteen feet in diam eter tor ten minutes and one second, in a wind blowing at the rate of fifty miles an hour. Thiy cat was accomplished without power.the machine was motor.e- s That was the longest step thus taken in the direction of enabling man to hover over a given spot motionless, with or without power, as long as he desires. "When will you continue those experiments, Mr Wright?" He could not say. Lawsuits, those who have enjeyed them know, take most of one's time. After dinner Hisl-.op Milton Wright, the lather, eighty-six years old, physicolly and rren.
( 1,ni,inn ,|
on
,<.<,,nU ills'.
Many Tir&y Where 0o. Waste Ruled
"1 "W
7
Large
at one of the
Motefe
trssdiag
the soft
car
HEN you
are not
are a
tables and napcry. gold decorated china, cook ing ranges and a host of other articles of fur niture, but you also pay the wages of t least one member of the staff of employes. At first blush the thought that each occupant of one of the gilded beds is balanced at the other end of the hotel, vertically speiking. by a hotel worker who gets a more or less substantial part of what the former pays, stems incredi ble. Yet it is true. There is an employe for every guest. The Hotel Waldorf-Astoria, for instance, ac commodating house quests to the number of 1,500 or thereabouts, has approximately 1.500 employes. To one sitting in Peacock Alley watching with idle eye the passing throng this is almost unbelievable. "To wait on me there are 1,500 persons in this place? Impossible! Where are they?
the interest on the investment in gold lacquered fur niture, mirrors, columns of beautiful stone, real and artificial; beds and their coverings,
great l\ostleries of New York you
guest
Heiieatii the feet of those
For instance, the refu-r. such
as
only paying
pets of the Palace of Pleasur iia a Hive of In dustry without whose ctivitien the Palace woulil boconio a tenantlcss shell of tone. Kvery kind of industry that s community of several thou sand ous could require is to bs found in the maze of the basement and sub-basement. It is an illustration of the transition which has taken place in the methods of runninir a hotel since tinWaldorf Astoria paved the way for a new type of hostlery. Those in charge of the difTerrnt depart-
about IM barrels a day. It used to cost upward of $lx n day just to have this carted away. An experiment whs made with an incinerator, anil now all the garbage is burned inside the building. The incinerator uses oil as fuel. The flow of oil
vegetable
periagl
and other
gurbeft,
oyster shells, amounts to
the incinerator. When the garbage is burning fretly and the heat is high the oil supply is auto is reduced the matically cut off. When the heatthe cost of the oil is turned on again. Thus is
is
regulated by the temperature of the interior of
'THE''5lLVE.SrllTH,_
of
one
REPA.R.INO TTT.Bl-a>.VVA*E
It is now ju". at good , work as is ar.y oti.er. W i them as checkers. Kach waiter as he takei k.i order must set the tray down or the table of tki the bill n checker in order that she may correct und make note of each item She hi pr,tt, rubber stamps, with which she on the card and on the sheet before her, whiek n unhca of blocked off with space.: bearing t the waiters who are to report to bei We si, employ women cashiers. They are quick and it-
Why do we never see them enter or leave? be. Perhaps they live here, but that can't There are too many of them. Why, it's just like a manufacturing plant.'' So it is. to a large proportion of the em
of the scores of round tables standing on against. edge like so many wheels, and leaning each other in rows, was rapidly taking on a coat of gray under his broad strokes. WHERE WHIRK1.M. METAl. DOES THF WORK
hotel have changed.
women to
place for
ployes.
Stand at the
corner
of Astor Court and
the potatoes lost their skins through "barking their shins" against emery that paper in a slowly revolving iron receptacle left to really was next observed will have to toberecollec the decision of .Mr. Nulle. According tion, the succeeding .shop was that of the silver platers. In the winter time, when occupied with emergency work alor.e, Mr. Nulle explained, only six or seven silver plater. are req ire,!. Iirassy looking keys were being dipped in a bath of nickel. Compotiers wer, bein ; treated to a coar of
ONCE CONSIGNED TO MENWhether it was the place where cream
or
was
whipped by machinery
curate."
IT IS NOT SO EASY NOW .DAYS TO GET
COMPETENT HELPERS.
save
Samovars, ietite!
thought,
were
almost beyond reshaping, onelying about awaiting tin- hammer of
THE PASTRY COOi<:$ ATWrDC
variety of activity housed beneath the level of the gronnd in this space. Bach department seems to have all the space it needs, ami each is located in
to every other in such a way as to make fur the efficient operation of the whole plaf-e. Mow it was ri'iten into the ..pace is in itself one
relation
the workman. "In the summer time, when we an' lesa busy, we take the opportunity for overhauling our fur nishings," saitl Mr. Nulle. "Then we employ as many as fourteen .silver workers. We ourselves lacquer the beds and electric light lixtures and nickel plate the door keys. We are always ex perimenting to find batter ways of doing things."
'bor i efficient as it used to be. It is mon d_cult to get competent help. There .v., a tin when the French cooks formed a elose corpora tion. They would take on as helpers |y Krir.ch. But now they are glad to get ey c-.. r.umber This is partly due to the inen I I rSfS-H of bis hotels. When a new hot! op
not
as
..
economical and ell'.cient methods?" .So; that cannot b
'Do you know how much you
li.iuugh mort
perhaps 1,500
SOME OF THE
every worker
have all the elbow room it or he or she needs. Such a guide as Mr. Nulle is required, for no one less informed could surely
seems to
of the wonders, for
every
piece of apparatus ami
ISE RESULTS OF VALUE
EXPERIMENTS WHICH PROM
guida
are
".vv
POULTPV FOR,
COOK1IKIC3-.
PREPARING
And the icebox shelter of the minotaur, bis victim. In fact, .Mr. Nulle on one occasion missed his way. As we walked from one department to another he continue! the enumeration of economies which hsd ben discovered by taking thought. .'W have a good deal of broken china," he
lo
through the maze. Maze and labyrinth only words that tlescribe this underground worlil. '.ne would require the thread of Theseus
one
the
!!<. pointed to a dish in which lay two small electric wires and upon whose edge could be seen the faint outline of an ornamental design. "We are trying to see if we can transfer the gold from a plate to some other object by elec tricity. Just -d< we have developed an incinerator which operates with crude oil, we ar. <.. primentlag with oil in cooking. We aie ai trying out an electric range. We have our own ice-making
or 2,000 experienced workers to m:. it. When new hotels are erected in other cities the manngers send to New York for a ttSS fer smb.crew. There are many opportunity .ens .? :f that only k:., We have a dozen or more cooiu a big hotel. earning S200 or more a month. Those ho n rig up in the work of the kitchens are no: going at it in the way to make :he and valuable cooks. The custom is to stsrt it
.,
west
ables. This is
lint
a
i.ti tiit, for he would attract the at,,n the lookout for promis ig at sncement If'1 terial erskrj I st th lowesl roi oi fr
menial po ition, to be tun, bright, capable boy would soon b out ii
a
round.say wasl
pir.r*
machinery."
nslucenl in which many cakes of ice are cracked and pulverized and cut into small cubes by machinery l'or table use. "There is a printing shop which keeps three men busy, for we prinl our >.', bills of-fare and other forms of stationery. In the laundry we handle over 80,000 piec i day. Th i:c!ul.-s not only table linen, but the bed linen. There are 110 employed in the operation < I the be I
-
weeks.
This of the
was room
suggested by
our arr;
.'ui-
Thirty-fourth Street id watch the narrow en trance through the ornamental wrought iron gate. Men and women are constantly supping in and out like so many bees entering and leav ing a hive. There are French cooks earning
i
said. "We used ti have it carted away at a cost of in cents a barrel. There is a barrel or two every day. Now tirm that has a furnace in NewJersey takes the broken china, melts t up for the gold there is on it and pays us a dollar a bar rel, besides all the transportation expenses.
HOW THEY I.EARN THE ROUTINI WIIH01T KNOWING THE THEORY.
"The
boys who
come
in
now ar-- r.n'
-,cuiar.y isndvichH,
r ss am
OLD Tl Mm.KltS FOR NF.W. WITH THF. All) OF A (.LASS GMNDER.
great many chippeil tumbler--. The edges are chipped only a little, but, of course, they cannot be placed on the table again, Throw ing them away would be a bad example to tho-;e who handle them. It would create the impression that we did not object to carelessness. We employ a Scotch glass grinder srho does nothing but grind down the edges of the chipped tumblers. He re"Then
we
bright While they i : mm they watch those who are doing ly, cutting ham psjrii watch them until th and then, perhaps through son-.,
-
the next h;f*er
ior
$200
month, bakers, potato parers, waiters in disguise; that is, waiters without their "glad rags" and Daniel Webster air; laundresses, dish washers, sandwich mkerc silver platers, glass grinders, blacksmiths, ma chinists, electricians, carpenters, plumbers, en gineers, firemen, floor washers, drummers and men and women of other occupations too nu
or more a
have
of the* American Museum of Safety, and wc- hav devices for protecting the wi rkers on the machin
He pointed to a guard for preventing the hands of the workers from getting between the oils of a great ironing machine thi a stream of I hi By this time we had reached what looked like .
laundry machinery
we can
get. We
are
membi
ery."
vert some: i v..irk in the ham eul of course, never having haJ ice, but heis is in demand. '. in th think th*/ ition, and when
work in s third hotel. In coui way they may get around to t I. 1
.'
ad ft:
:licir book
merous to
no
mention. ircase each
woi to tin m.
i'n
... ,.-
I>own at the fool of the
they
.he opportunits a hotel kitchen:"
They are
theorj est, b.-
;.. r*i'
registers the time of coming, just as if enterlag a factory. Each person has ;i .*i\rii ta k, and it is alwayi performed at an appointed spot. And
there
ami
for
are appoint-.! times fur their comings in goings out. It is 11 in th day' work. It i.-> all for those who sit m Peacock Alley overheat), or who, engaged in the world's work in a wider sphere, delight to soften the asperities of exist
ence were
with
it not for the introduction of machinery methods for doing thintrs more economically even 1,600 men and women would not be enough to do the work required in providing what the guests receive in tl.tr v.av of service.
tasty meal and
suit
couch.
Hut ami
MODERN WAV OF SENDING A MEfll. -TO a** GUESfS fOOM
,
Census of tne Winged Citizens of the Sky
TIE
is i
menti are constantly searching for i Il'nient ways of dor f things.
new
slid
more
overcrowded, the pressai
on tii" averag two eitix Tiiis country is the land of the ids. Ths l nited Btal
country who
""
ri<T*f
terisg
to cry s***'.
thmma iy *.*
jmb***
**"*
Orville Wrig^h.4 on Aeroplane s^ War
<
Agncultsr
..,:.
****
iiiitiiiiird friiin first pSagS.
chine, and that his attention will be
were
may quibble, judges sustain, patent. Lawyers to sleep. The tact remains overrule and go in that thousands of machines have been built succeeded have none but abroad, America and in-
that of October 5. 1905, being of 24.2 miles 111 and 3 seconds. length and lastmj; J-ti minutes use the Wright war the in the aeroplanes All for a control. A wheel may be substituted one way in turned be may a dingus lever, there stead of the other, or vice versa, because to try to get around a one way than more is
admitted, heard, and escorted out. And this alter they had made 160 flights. totalling almost exactly 100 miles; one flight,
t.Hy alert, sat on one side of the fireplace; MiiaS Katharine Wright and her brother were st either end ol the davenport, directly in front of the bluing logs. It seemed that strange emotions mus! surge through the man who, on the top of Hawthorn Hill, two miles south of Dayton, sat surround ed by mementoes of those days, a little over six years ago, when he and Wilbur knocked at the doors of the nations now at each other's throats and offered everything they knew for a pittance, as results have shown. Knocked, and
excepting those that have used the system .aiaiitd and patented by the Wright brothers. Before the Franklin Institute in Philadel the Elliott Cresson phia, when he received medal, less than a year ago, Orville Wright said: "I believe the day is near at hand when the flyer will be almost entirely relieved of the work of maintaining the equilibrium of his ma-
know him best realize would be the greatest loon he could wish for, who would say how long it would be before man would fly for hours without artificial power? And there also came to mind Wilbur Wright's "scientific testament." one of the last letters he wrote, interpreted as pointing out the specific path along which the aeroplane in ventors of the future must proceed. He said then: "Our new aeroplane will represent the de velopment of practically all we have learned tsince we've been studying the problem of air transportation. Everybody who has ever seen a buzzard flying knows that there must be a method whereby human bei/igs can also re main in the air once they really find them selves aloft. The sole difficulty is that Nature provides birds with the means of soaring with out exerting themselves, while humans must devise artificial means of achieving the same result. The real problem now confronting us is to find out whether we, too, like the birds. once we're in the air.can stay in it indefinite ly. The bird can do it. Why shouldn't men?" And while we sat on Hawthorne Hill French, aeroplanes were darting over the plains of an
bringing it safely in landing." Remembering the visit to the field during the afternoon and the machine gathering dust in the shed the uppermost thought was: If Or ville Wright were able to devote all his time to experimentation, a condition that those who
when
only for keeping it
on
its proper contact with
required course and the ground
into a bulletin whin ior a-king, though by whs biologists obtained and sul this Mme put.:. .I. W
'
discovered the facts
sn
Is the
governm***
'.'
to
plane did they
be
loms
to
consult Mr. and it. Bird si *. the number of their children? We re not Prmed, but it can eaaily be icen thst *.&"*
seroplsi
confusion.
rule
.'. in***'
'hing
rob,ns
to
be
said
fol
-
each farm
ow is a sen i.
.>
.* **" of bin tul '.wire** The -"*>'
'..' "*"
cor.,.. elose ^1 " abundant as either ths robin si ipe One conclusion which
row.
...nkis<rI pre.
'i.""ai "'astas"**''"" ''ra '!>,' n '.w.:-!.laa^-.v-....---.U
R<pl--.t-- V THE. G->X5S>
eeives $26
S
.ilnig birds for
quii t forest. This ae humsn int
great grocery warehouse, it contained thousands of boxes of different kinds of groceries, some do mestic, some imported direct from every quarter of the globe. "We carry a $50,000 said Mr. Nulle, "a quantity more than that earritd bymost grocers. When goods can l"- bought at low
'
I ay to '..' b*l(1"
V******
.i minimum.
The
ng is abolit .* IS .1 i is, it is unless the man who watches the garbage lets a piece of silverware slip by him into the furnace," said Mr. Nulle, who is the king bat of the hive. "<>f that we have no means of
"That
knowing." A PERSONALLY
Mr. Nulle
was
irssk, but he is worth it, for ho grinds from twenty to twenty-live dozen glasses a wek. They are worth *?:". "Wl 1'i-vtT permit anything to be done off the premises that we can do ourselves. We have a blacksmith shop and a machine shop. We do all
our own
not
may he. And, lay I that as our human populati our bird population increase, rhui to nu-e suicide and ighout tiie l'ait -ii SU
intelligei
Irol> ',! *
re
i
'
0,*_*
,.
_U *****
