My

Additional
Mathematics
Module
Form 4
(Version 2007)

Topic: 1

FUNCTIONS
by

NgKL
(M.Ed.,B.Sc.Hons.,Dip.Ed.,Dip.Edu.Mgt.,Cert.NPQH)
Kajang High School, Kajang, Selangor

IMPORTANT POINTS
1.1

CONCEPTS OF RELATIONS
1.

The relation between two sets, P and Q, is the pairing of elements

in set P with elements in set Q.

2.

16
25

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
3.

Set P = domain
Set Q = codomain
Each elements in set P = object
Each elements in set Q = image
The images {4, 9, 16} in set Q = range

Relations can be represented by;

(a) Arrow diagrams:
X

(b) Ordered pairs:

{(2, 8), (3, 27), (4, 64)}

27

64

(c) Graphs:
64
27
8

4.

2
3
Four types of relations:

(a) One-to-one relation

X

(b) One-to-many relation

X
8

18

Y
2
3

27

12

(c) Many-to-one relation

X

(d) Many-to-many relation

Exercise 1.1(a):
1.

Complete the table below of the following relations.

X
(a)

(b)

10

14

{(3, 5), (5, 9), (7, 13)}

(c)

z
y
x
2

14

Answers:
Domain

Codomain

Object

Image

Range

(a)
(b)
(c)

Exercise 1.1(b):
1.

Based on the relations given, identify the images or objects.

(a)

X
7

Y
10
8

(b)

{(3, 5), (3, -1), (4, 9)}

(c)

6
4
2

Answers:
Object of 6

Object of 8

Image of 3

Image of 7

Object of 5

Object of 9

Image of 3

Image of 4

Object of 2

Object of 6

Image of 6

Image of 9

(a)

(b)

(c)

2.

State the type of relations for each of the following.

(a)

Y
Answer:

(b)

{(3, s), (4, t), (5, s)}

(c)

Answer:

Answer:

2
p
(d)

Y
Answer:

(e)

Y
m

Answer:

1
n
2
1.2

CONCEPTS OF FUNCTIONS
1.

A function = special relation where every object in the domain has

only one image in the range.

2.

One-to-one relation and many-to-one relation are functions.

3.

One-to-many relation and many-to-many relation are not functions.

4.

A function can be expressed by function notation, in which the

function is represented by the symbol f and the object by the
symbol x.
f : x y is read as function f maps x to y, or,
f(x) = y which is read as y is the image of x under function f

Example: f : :x 3x . fuction f maps x to 3x.

f(x) = 3x

. 3x is the image of x under function

f.
Exercise 1.2(a):
1.

State whether the following relation are functions and give reasons.
(a)

Y
Answer:

(b)

{(1, 3), (3, 5), (5, 7)}

Answer:

(c)

{(a, p), (a, q), (b, r)}

Answer:

(d)

Answer:

5
3
a

(e)

Answer:
m
a
n
b
p
2.

Write the following relations in function notation.

f
(a)

x2

Answer:

2
1

4
1

f
(b)

4x2 - 3

Answer:
1
-1
2

1
15

Exercise 1.2(b)
1.

Determine the image of the object for each of the following functions.
(a) f(x) = 4x + 5, x = 1, 5

(b) f(x) = x2 + 2, x = 0, -3

(c) f(x) = 4 x, x = 1, 6

(d) f(x) =

2 +x
3

, x = 2, 7

Exercise 1.2(c)
1.

A function is defined as f : x 3x + 6, find

(a) the object if the image is 18.

(b) the value of x if f(x) = 2x.

2.

A function is defined as f : x x2 + 6x, find

(a) the object if the image is 7.

(b) the object that maps to itself.

3.

Given a function g : x

3
x 2

(a) the value of x if g(x) = 6

,x

2, find

(b) the value of x if g(x) = x 4.

4.

Given a function h : x

2 x +5
3

, find

(a) the value of x if h(x) = 3.

(b) the object if the image is 5.

Exercise 1.2(d)
1.

Given f(x) = px + q, f(0) = -5 and f(3) = 7. Find the values of p and q.

2.

A function is defined as f: x = 2x2 mx + n. If f(1) = 4 and f(2) =7,

determine the values of m and n.

3. Given f: x =

4
mx + n

,x

n
, f(2) = 2 and f(5) = 4. Find m and n.
m

4.

x +p

The arrow diagram shows the function f :x

x q

,x

determine the values of p and q

x +p

1.3

x q

-3

COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
A

B
f

C
g

f(x)

gf(x)

q,

gf(x)
If f is the function which maps set A onto set B and g is the function that
maps set B onto set C, then set A can be mapped directly to set C by a
composite function, represented by gf(x).
Exercise 1.3(a)
1.

Given f:x 2x + 5 and g:x 3x 4. Find

(a) fg(x)

(b) gf(x)

(c) fg(3)

2.

Given f:x 5x + 2 and g:x x2 1. Find

(a) f2(x)

(b) f2g(x)

(c) fg(2)

3.

Given f:x
(a) fg(x)

(b) gf(x)

(c) f2(x)

3
, x 2 and g:x x + 4. Find
x 2

4.

Given f:x 2x + 3 and g:x 2x 3. Find

(a) fg(x)

(b) gf(x)

(c) fg(1)

Exercise 1.3(b)
1.

Given f(x) = 2x + 5 and fg(x) = 8x 5, find g(x).

2.

Given f(x) = x + 3 and fg(x) = x2 + 2x + 1, find g(x).

2.

Given f(x) =

2
2
, x -2 and and fg(x) =
, x , find g(x).
x +2
2x + 1

Exercise 1.3(c)
1.

Given g(x) = 3x and fg(x) = 15x 9, find f(x).

2.

Given f(x) = x - 3 and gf(x) = x2 - 4x + 5, find g(x).

3.

Given f(x) =

1.4

2
4
, x 0 and and fg(x) = + 5 , x 0, find g(x).
x
x

INVERSE FUNCTIONS
X

f1

If f is the function which maps elements in set X onto the elements

in set Y, then when the elements in set Y are mapped onto the
elements in set X, the function is called an inverse function of f.
The notation for the inverse function of f is written by f1
When f(x) = y, then f1 (y) = x.
When f1f = x, then ff1 = x.
Not all functions have inverse functions. The inverse function exists
if and only if the function is a one-to-one relation.

Exercise 1.4(a)
1.

Find the value of each object by inverse mapping.

f
(a)

x
3

x2 + 2
11

f
(b)

2x2 3

x
12

15

f
(c)

5 4x

-9

f
(d)

x
+4
3

f
(e)

2.

x +3
x 5

x
3

-3

Determine the inverse function of the following functions.

(a) f : x 2x + 4

(b) f : x

2x 5
6

(c) g : x

3.

2x 3
, x -4
x +4

(a) Find the inverse function, h-1(x) of the function h : x

3
+2, x
x

0. What is the value for h-1(2)?

(b) Find the inverse function, f-1(x) of the function f : x

2. What is the value for f -1(3)?

3
, xx +2

(a) Find the inverse function, g-1(x) of the function g : x 7x - 3. What

is the value for g-1(5)?

4.

(a) Given the inverse function, f

f(x).

(b) Given the inverse function, g

: x 3x + 2, determine the function

:x

2
, x -5, determine the
x +5

function g(x).

(c) Given the inverse function, f

function f(x).

: x

3 4x
, determine the
2

(d) Given the inverse function, h

:x

5x
, x - , determine
2 x 3

the function h(x).

5.

(a) Given function, f(x) = 7x + 2, determine f

reason whether the inverse function exists.

(x) and state and give

(b) Given function, g(x) = x2 + 9, determine g

reason whether the inverse function exists.

(x) and state and give

(c) Given function, f(x) = x3 - 16, determine f

reason whether the inverse function exists.

Problem Solving
1.

Given the function g : (x)

(a) the value of m.
(b) g 1(x).

2.

3
, x m, find
x 4

Given f : x 2x2 5 and g : x x + 3, find

(a) fg(x).
(b) the value of gf(-1).

(x) and state and give

3.

Given the function h(x) = 3x + 5, find the value of x

(a) if h2(x) = h(-x)
(b) when x is mapped onto itself.

4.

Given the function g : x 3x + 2, find the function f(x) if

(a) fg : x 2x2 + 5
(b) gf : x 2x 3

5.

Given f(x) = px + q and f2(x) = 4x 16. Find

(a) the values of p an q.
(b) the value of ff1(2).

6.

Given that f(x) = 5x - 8, find

(a) f(2).
(b) the values of the objects that have the image 7.
Past Years SPM PapersP = {1, 2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

1.

Based on the the above information, the relation between P and Q is

defined by the set of ordered pairs {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 6), (2, 8)}. State
(a) the image of 1.
(b) the object of 2.
[2
marks]
SPM2003/Paper 1

2.

Given that g : x 5x + 1 and h : x x2 2x + 3, find

(a) g1(3),
(b) hg(x).
marks]

[4
SPM2003/Paper
1

3.

Diagram 1 shows the relation between set P and set Q.

. w
d
e
f

State
(a) the range of the relation,
(b) the type of the relation.
marks]

x
y
. z

[2
SPM2004/Paper 1

4.

Given the functions h : x 4x + m and h1 : x 2kx +

5
, where m and
8

k are constant, find the value of m and of k .

[3 marks]
SPM2004/Paper 1

5.

Given the function h(x) =

6
, x 0 and the composite function hg(x) =
x

3x, find
(a) g(x),
(b) the value of x when gh(x) = 5.
marks]

[4
SPM2004/Paper 1

6.

In Diagram 1, the function h maps x to y and the function g maps to z.

x

y
5

2
Determine

z
8
DIAGRAM 1

(a) h1 (5),
(b) gh(2).
marks]

[2
SPM2005/Paper 1

5
7. The function w is defined as w(x) =
, x 2. Find
2 x
(a) w1(x),
(b) w1(4).
marks]

[3
SPM2005/Paper 1

8.

The following information refers to the functions h and g.

h : x 2x 3
g : x 4x - 1

Find gh1 (x).

marks]

[3
SPM2005/Paper 1