Jonathan Diamond, Jake Jutras Mrs.

Alkire 9/19/12

Background Science: Since water is a necessity in world, and since most of the water in the world is either dirty, or salt water, this lab taught the class, three water purification processes. The three processes were: separate the oil from the water, filtrate the foul water using sand and gravel and using charcoal as a filtration device. The independent variable was the different water purification processes. The dependent variable was how much water was collected after the filtration. Materials: Plastic cup Gravel Sand Paperclip Glass funnel Clay triangle Metal ring Clamp Ring stand Beaker Rubber tube Filter paper Charcoal Flask Stirring rod Granulated cylinder

Hypothesis : If foul water is put through a three-stage water filtration process, then the water left after the filtration process will be clean and possibly drinkable. Procedure: Follow the procedure from Chemistry in the Community page 8-10. Safety Issues: The lab was not harmful towards the students because there were no harmful chemicals used. Goggles were used for protection against broken glass. Data: Volume Before Treatment After oil water separation After sand filtration 100 mL Color Dark brown Clarity Not clear Odor Strong oil Presence of oil On top of water; Top Layer On top of water; Top Layer Little amounts above water No oil Presence of solids On the bottom Little on bottom No solids

84mL

Light brown

Semi-clear

Smells like oil Like Water

78mL

Clear

Clear

After 63mL charcoal absorption and filtration Class Data Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 70mL 63mL 55mL

Clear

Clear

Very little smell

No solids

H2O Recovery (mL) 75mL

7 8 9 10 11

74mL 63 mL

65 mL

Data Analysis: 63mL of the foul water sample that went through the filtration system turned out to be clean. 37mL (37%) of the water used was lost during the filtration process. In order to find out the percent of water purified, you divide the volume of water purified (75mL) by the volume of foul-water sample (100mL). Then you multiply the answer by 100. Questions: 1. The sample is not pure water for there are minerals that are still in the water. 2. The success of a lab group could be judged based on the quantity of the water after the three filtration exercises. Also, it could be judge upon the clarity, color, and or odor. 3. Ways to improve the water purification methods to have more water in the final recovery. If you found a way to remove all the water without getting any oil in the first step. Then, if it were possible to make sure that every drop of water makes it through the sand and gravel mixture without letting sand out of the cup. 4. A. This experiment took about two hours to complete. B. No, because 63mL is not a lot of water compare to the other groups.

Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to make foul water to be relatively clean and possibly potable. The hypothesis that was made by the group turned out to be correct as we did generate clean water. The only thing that could have been improved with this lab was the process of the sand and gravel filtration. The water could have been mixed into the stones which could have

made the experiment unreliable because it could change the results. Also, we could have done more trials to help the validity. The lab was valid because the procedure was followed without any problems or variations to it. Since there were many other lab groups, the data was reliable because of the quantity. Also, since the range of the ending amount of clean water between the groups wasnt too large, it is apparent everyone was doing the same procedure.