DRAFT

Thesis Statement Crime is a universal phenomenon. It engenders fear in people in all societies. Without a doubt, all worry about being its victim. Crime is at a cost to both state groups and individuals; it could be against properties or persons. Victims of crime also called Victims! are defined as "ersons who have suffered harm, including physical or mental in#ury or trauma or economic loss through acts or omissions that are in violation of the national criminal law. $hese include dependants and members of the immediate family of the direct victim. % person may be considered a victim regardless of whether the perpetrator is identified, apprehended, prosecuted or convicted. &owever, compensation is defined as the total amount of the monetary and non'monetary pay provided to an employee by an employer in return for wor( performed as re)uired. $hey are many reasons why victims of crime should be compensated. %mong of them are suffering for mental and physical in#uries, unwanted se*ual act, and grief in that people e*perience of death and loss.

1.0

Personal injury whether mental or physical (including se ual o!!ences". (nidirectgo#ernmentser#ices$ n.d" +.+.+ +.+.. ,ection +- .d! of Victims of Crime %ct. %ll people that have been sub#ect to almost any type of physical or

emotional stress due to the rec(lessness of another may be eligible to ac)uire compensation. /ohn "ar(s, .0++! +.+.1 ,ome common physical accidents that generally get compensation

contain, but are not confined to, bac( ache, head traumas, nec( discomfort, bro(en bones, and whiplash. /ohn "ar(s, .0++! +.+.2 3motional traumas consist of things such as depression and post

traumatic stress dysfunction. If the carelessness of someone else has brought on any physical or psychological harm, it is encouraged that you contact an attorney straight away to figure out whether you are entitled to receive personal in#ury compensation. /ohn "ar(s, .0++! +.+.4 Concrete'encased high school girl murder case was a +-55'5-

incident in which a /apanese girl, /un(o 6uruta Furuta Junko7!, +8

at that time, was murdered. $his incident was a result of high level of notoriety in /apan. +.. $he scheme compensates people who are in#ured by crime, for e*ample, a person who is assaulted, raped or robbed. +...+ +.... +...1 9egal ,ervices Commission, n.d!

,ection 5 of the $heft %ct +-85. Clouden : v +-5;! C% 6or e*ample, a person who suffers an an*iety disorder after a home

invasion or an armed robbery can be compensated even if they were not physically harmed. 9egal ,ervices Commission, n.d! +...2 It can also include pregnancy resulting from a se*ual offence. Close

family members of a homicide victim can also be compensated. 9egal ,ervices Commission, n.d! +...4 % woman accused a police consta%le and his !i#e accomplices o!

&eeping her in detention and raping her !or !our consecuti#e days. The incident too& place at a house near Tarnol$ in the outs&irts o! the city$ she alleged. ,alma, a resident of ,argodha and a mother of three, said that she was two'months pregnant. $he 3*press $ribune, .0++!

'.0

Se ual assault is any unwanted se ual act. This includes a range o! unwanted or !orced se ual %eha#iours including rape. (Solicitorad#ice.com$ n.d" '.1 Se ual assault occurs when someone commits a se*ual act

with or towards another person without his or her consent. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! '.1.1 ..+.. ,ection 1 of the ,e*ual <ffences %ct .001. Consenting to any se*ual act depends on a person=s ability to

understand what the se*ual act is, the implications of the se*ual behaviour; and on their ability to ma(e an informed choice, without force, manipulation or coercion, about whether or not they want the se*ual act to occur. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! '.1.( % person=s ability to consent regardless of the relationship is dependent on a number of factors including their level of cognitive

ability and whether they are under the influence of alcohol, illegal drugs or prescribed medication. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! ..+.2 :ape compensation in India is tied up in processes that

assume the impartiality of authorities dealing with the crime > the police and the district boards are tas(ed with determining in#uries. &industan $imes, .0++! ..+.4 Compensation demands ?proof@ of in#ury for which the victim has to undergo medical e*amination under police supervision. If medical e*amination is delayed, the evidence of rape is gone. &industan $imes, .0++! ... "erpetrators of se*ual assault use power, force and manipulation to attempt to control the body, senses and emotions of their victims. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! ....+ "erpetrators are usually male and most often someone that

the victim (new and thought they could trust. % person=s ability to consent regardless of the relationship is dependent on a number of factors including their level of cognitive ability and whether they are under the influence of alcohol, illegal drugs or prescribed medication. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! ..... ,e*ual assault can happen to anyone regardless of their age,

ethnicity, religion, se*ual preference or socio'economic bac(ground. ,olicitoradvice, .0++, n.d! ....1 % man who se*ually assaulted a +.'year'old girl and raped a

teenager .0 years ago has been #ailed for +. years. /ulian Aeightley, 22, of Breenways, ,awtry, and Cambridgeshire was trac(ed down through 6aceboo( by his younger victim. % #udge said both she and the other victim, aged +8 or +; at the time, and had both suffered Cprofound and serious effectsC up to the present day. Cambridgeshire, .0++! ....2 India@s overall rape and se*ual assault statistics show that E" Dews

is hardly an e*ception. In .00-, cases of reported rape were .+,1-;, and cases of se*ual harassment were ++,00-, according to the Dational Crime Fureau. &industan $imes, .0++!

....4

$he statistics on se*ual assault on women certainly demand

government action. Fut a ?scheme@ without the force of law is #ust an ad hoc measure that can be withdrawn with a change of government, say activists. &industan $imes, .0++! ....8 Crimes %ct +-00 ' ,3C$ 8+/ subsection +! about aggravated

se*ual act. (.0 )omicide is a crime that has a pro!ound and lasting impact on the #ictim*s

!amily and !riends. The grie! that people e perience in relation to death and loss through homicide may %e intense due to its sudden and #iolent nature. (Solicitorad#ice.com$ n.d" 1.+.+ &omicide refers to criminal and noncriminal #ustifiable!

murder. 9egal systems ma(e distinctions between (illing to prevent a serious felony, a heinous crime, or self'defense, are considered #ustifiable. Criminal homicide is committed intentionally, or as a result of the commission of another crime, or due to rec(lessness, emotional outburst, or provocation. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! 1.+.. 1.+.1 ,ection .-- of the "enal Code It is important to see( medical andGor psychological treatment

if you feel depressed, an*ious, and suicidal or if you are having problems accepting and ad#usting following the loss of a loved one through homicide. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! 1.+.2 6rom a if legal you perspective, have lost you may be eligible for

compensation

someone

through

homicide.

Compensation laws vary from ,tate to ,tate, and it is important that you see( e*pert legal advice from a lawyer in your ,tate. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! 1.+.4 6amily members are generally entitled to a lump sum amount

determined by legislation relevant in each ,tate. Compensation may also be awarded to pay for funeral or other e*penses including counselling! from the death of a family member where the death was caused in circumstances constituting murder or manslaughter. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d!

1..

In %merican system, murder charges re)uire intent, or malice aforethought including,

transferred intent one who does not intend to murder, but (ills another person due to rec(lessness endangerment!. Aari ,able Furns, n.d! 1...+ 1.... California "enal Code +5; %ccording to the 6FI Child %bduction and ,erial Ailler Enit,

child abduction and serial homicide are the most serious violent crimes in the E,. &omicide is the second leading cause of death for persons +4 ' .2 years of age and the leading cause of death for %frican'%merican and &ispanics in the same age group. 6or every violent death, there are +00 nonfatal in#uries caused by violence. Aari ,able Furns, n.d! 1...1 3uropean civil'law places greater emphasis on the conduct

and circumstances of the act. Fodily in#ury and negligence resulting in death are heavily penaliHed. Aari ,able Furns, n.d! 1...2 In +-88, a twenty'four'year'old sailor named :ichard ,pec(

committed one of the most shoc(ing crimes in %merican history. Intruding into a dormitory of female student nurses, he tied up nine women, and then systematically murdered eight of them. Aari ,able Furns, n.d! 1...4 Ender Islamic law, no distinction is made between civil and

criminal law. Iurder is a civil infraction. $he family of the murdered or their pro*y is allowed to (ill the murderer or accept compensation, from the (iller or their family. 6inancial compensation and an act of contrition must be made In accidental death. Aari ,able Furns, n.d!

BEL 342- ENGLISH FOR PRE DEGREE LAW II

OUTLINES

LEGAL PAPER Should Vic i!" o# $%i!& '& $o!(&)"* &d+ E,(l*i)-

"repared for "repared by ,tudent I.J Broup

' ' ' '

Ir ,uriya Aumar Dur &afiHa Finti /uni .0+0888288 "I004 J!

+,T- .ARDS

,R/0/+A1 T-2T PARAP)ARAS+. %ll people that have been sub#ect to %ccording to /ohn "ar(s .0++!, all people almost any type of physical or emotional are entitled to obtain damages if they are stress due the rec(lessness of another may sub#ect to almost any forms of bodily or be eligible to ac)uire compensation. /ohn "ar(s, .0++! mentally harm due to another person@s irresponsibility.

.. 6or e*ample, a person who has suffers ,uch as, anyone who has undergone a fear an an*iety disorder after a home invasion or syndrome as a result of house invasion or an armed robbery can be compensated even e)uipped burglary may be remunerated even if they were not physically harmed. 9egal ,ervice Commision, n.d! if they were not bodily affected. ,ervice Commision, n.d! 9egal

1. ,e*ual assault occurs when someone Fased on ,olicitoradvice.com n.d!, se*ual commits a se*ual act with or towards another person without his or her consent. ,olicitoradvice.com, n.d! 2. $he statistics on se*ual assault on women attac( happens once somebody performs a se*ual action together or to another person without their free will. $he &industan $imes .0++! stated that the

certainly demand government action. Fut a statistics on se*ual attac( on female surely ?scheme@ without the force of law is #ust an re)uires a government act. &owever, a ad hoc measure that can be withdrawn with a change of government, activists. &industan $imes, .0++! ?scheme@ with no strict regulation is an change of government, say protesters. say unplanned step that may be removed with a

4. In %merican systems, murder charges % study by Aari ,able Furns n.d! stated that re)uire intent, or malice a fore thought not intend to murder, but (ills another person ,able Furns, n.d! in %merican systems, homicide accusers as, transferred intent someone which have another people because of putting their self in danger. including, transferred intent one who does need aim, or hatred a fore thought as well due to rec(lessness endangerment!. Aari no intent to (ills, nevertheless murder