Jessica Chu Period-6 Chapter 31: Identifications & Guided Reading Questions A.

Mitchell Palmer The Fighting Quaker rounded up suspects during the red scare John T. Scopes A teacher involved in the Scopes Monkey Trial. (Many people in the world followed this trial.) Clarence Darrow Famous criminal defense lawyer who represented Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial and supported evolution Andrew Mellon Secretary of Treasury; had a theory that forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories which provided wealthy payrolls Frederick W. Taylor Engineer and inventor who wanted to eliminate wasted motion Margaret Sanger Created a birth-control movement which promoted the use of contraceptives for women H. L. Mencken Author who criticized many subjects like democracy, marriage, the middle-class, and patriotism F. Scott Fitzgerald Author of The Great Gatsby, a novel set during the 1920s that explored the cruelty and glamour of an achievement-oriented society Ernest Hemingway Author who became upset with the idealism of America versus the realism of World War I Sinclair Lewis Satirical author and chronicler of the Midwestern life Buying on Margin Technique used by the poor/middle class and was a very risky way of buying stocks Red Scare Period of time in which free speech was limited because people were afraid of Communistic ties Sacco and Vanzetti Case Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard. They were convicted not because of their guilt but because of the fact that they were immigrants. Emergency Quota Act 1921 Restricted immigration to 3% of each nationality that was in the United States in 1910 Immigration Quota Act 1924 Restricted the former Emergency Quota Act from 3% to 2% Volstead Act Part of the 18th Amendment; established alcohol as illegal above 0.5% Fundamentalism Movement that argued that Charles Darwins teachings were destroying faith in God and the Bible Modernists

Jessica Chu Period-6 Believed that man was not a sinner at heart and believed God was good and kind Seeing Red Know: Billy Sunday, Red Scare, A. Mitchell Palmer, Sacco and Vanzetti 1. Cite examples of actions taken in reaction to the perceived threat of radicals and communists during the red scare. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer rounded up suspects in the red scare; a shipyard of 249 alleged alien radicals was deported on the Buford (Soviet Ark) to Russia; legislations made unlawful the advocacy of violence to secure social change Hooded Hoodlums of the KKK 2. Compare and contrast the new and old Ku Klux Klansmen. The old KKK were antiblack, while the new KKK were antiblack, antiforeigner, anti-Catholic, antiJewish, antipacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, antievolutionist, anti-bootlegger, antigambling, antiadultery, and anti-birth control, whilst being pro-Anglo-Saxon, pro-native American, and pro-Protestant. Stemming the Foreign Flood Know: Emergency Quota Act, Immigration Act 3. Describe the immigration laws passed in the 1920's. Emergency Quota Act of 1921: European newcomers restricted in any given year to a definite quota, set at 3% of the people of their nationality living in the U.S. in 1910. Immigration Act of 1924: Quotas cut to 2%. Makers of America: The Poles Know: Prussian Poles, Russian Poles, Austrian Poles, American Warsaw 4. What factors led Poles to America? The Poles wanted to see the industrialized America and fled starvation. They also wanted land, of which there was plenty in the United States. The Prohibition "Experiment" Know: Eighteenth Amendment, Volstead Act, Wet and Dry, Speakeasies, Home Brew, Bathtub Gin, Noble Experiment 5. How and why was the eighteenth amendment broken so frequently? There was nothing to enforce the 18th Amendment before the Volstead Act was passed and it was therefore broken quite frequently. Many people refused to accept that alcohol was prohibited and rebelled. The Golden Age of Gangsterism Know: Al Capone, St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Lindbergh Law 6. What was Gangsterism? Gangsterism was the term coined for the rise of organised crime syndicates. It originated in a fight against prohibition: gangs emerged and staked out their territories for liquor, gambling, and narcotics. It evolved to murders and massacres, such as the St. Valentines Day massacre organised by Al Capone. Monkey Business in Tennessee

Jessica Chu Period-6 Know: John Dewey, John T. Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow 7. Describe the clash of cultures that took place in schools in the 1920's. There was a clash of cultures between science and religion. There was an evolution vs creation showdown between Clarence Darrow (evolution) and William Jennings Bryan (creation). The Mass-Consumption Economy Know: Andrew Mellon, The Man Nobody Knows, Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey 8. Give evidence to prove that America became a mass-consumption economy in the 20's. America in the 20s was a very prosperous time and a period of flourishing economy. Andrew Mellons low-tax policies helped to encourage growth in commerce and ads began to dominate the market and employed persuasion among other rhetoric. People began to buy things not for necessity but for pleasure. Putting America on Rubber Tires Know: Henry Ford, Frederick W. Taylor, Model T 9. What methods made it possible to mass-produce automobiles? The discovery of petroleum and oil in the crust of the earth helped to spur the movement towards oil use especially in automobiles. Frederick W. Taylor helped to improve the efficiency of the production line. The assembly line technique made it easier to manufacture automobiles and quickly. The Advent of the Gasoline Age 10. What were the effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile? Some effects of the widespread adoption of the automobile was that it created surplus jobs for many unemployed Americans after WWI and led to the use of roads and the need for gasoline companies. However, many people died in automobile crashes. Humans Develop Wings Know: Orville and Wilbur Wright, Charles Lindbergh 11. What effects did the early airplane have on America? Early airplanes were rarely used in WWI (they were used mostly for spying on other countries or for reconnaissance missions). Later on, however, planes were used for airmail and the first transcontinental airmail route was started in 1920 from New York to San Francisco. The Radio Revolution 12. How did America change as the result of the radio? The radio brought many social changes to American society. Radio changed Americans by allowing them to ear the same news at the same time. It brought many people back to home and hearth and sitting at a table listening to the radio became an American pastime. Hollywood's Filmland Fantasies Know: The Great Train Robbery, The Birth of a Nation, The Jazz Singer 13. What were some milestones in the history of motion pictures? The Great Train Robbery was the first real movie that told a story (before, the film industry was used mainly for propaganda). D.W. Griffith created the first full length movie, The Birth of A Nation, about the Civil War. The Dynamic Decade Know: Margaret Sanger, Flappers, Sigmund Freud, Jelly Roll Morton, Langston Hughes, Marcus

Jessica Chu Period-6 Garvey 14. "Far-reaching changes in lifestyles and values paralleled the dramatic upsurge in the economy." Explain. Many people began to move towards cities from rural areas. This marked Americas social change from an agrarian society to a more urbanized one. It also showed how America went from a traditional to more modern society. The National Womens Party also got some traction as well as birth control. Religion changed as well; Modernists started to appear and began to refute the claims of the Fundamentalists. They argued that God was kind and man was naturally free of sin. Cultural Liberation Know: H. L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, e.e. cummings, Eugene O'Neill, Louis Armstrong, Frank Lloyd Wright 15. How did the arts of the 1920's reflect the times? Many more people began to work in the arts, and prolific authors began to emerge such as H.L. Menken (The American Language), F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby), Ernest Hemingway (The Old Man and the Sea), Sinclair Lewis (Main Street), William Faulkner (The Sound and the Fury), Ezra Pound (Ripostes), T.S. Eliot (Gerontion), e.e. cummings (Eimi), and Eugene ONeill (Long Days Journey Into the Night). Louis Armstrong was an African American jazz trumpetist and Frank Lloyd Wright was an architect. Wall Street's Big Bull Market Know: Margin, Andrew Mellon 16. Was government economic policy successful in the 20's? The government economic policy was somewhat successful in the 1920s; however, there was always either a recession or depression. Over speculation was a cause of panic and the stock market was the speculator's paradise in the 20's. The President of the time usually succeeded in lowering the national debt. Chapter 32: Identifications & Guided Reading Questions Andrew Mellon During the Harding Administration Andrew Mellon was the Secretary of the Treasury and wanted to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in payrolls Herbert Hoover Republican and former president who ran in the election on prosperity and prohibition. Many people blamed him for the stock market crash and the start of the Great Depression Albert B. Fall Secretary of the Interior during Hardings Administration; he was a schemer and convicted after participating in the Teapot Dome Scandal Robert LaFollette Senator from Wisconson who ran for President as a nominee for the Progressive Party but lost to Calvin Coolige Alfred E. Smith Democratic nominee for the 1928 election that lost to Herbert Hoover who advocated prohibition while

Jessica Chu Period-6 Smith was known for drinking Ohio Gang Consisted of a group of people who were close friends of Harding. They were appointed offices in which they abused their power for their own benefit Washington Conference Meeting of the greatest world powers at the time. Called for the disarment of the major powers and reducd the number of battleships Kellogg-Briand Pact Promised to never make war again and to settle disputes in a peaceful manner; defensive wars were allowed Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law Raised taxes to an unreasonable amount: as much as 38.5%. Created in an attempt to equalize the prices between foreign markets and American markets Teapot Dome Scandal One of the many scandals that occurred during Hardings administration. One of Hardings cabinet members bought an area with rich oil reserves and bribed people to take it at a higher price. Dawes Plan Attempt to pay off the damages from World War I. It had America loan Germany the money that would be paid to France and Britian who would then repay America. Hawley-Smoot Tariff Began as a protective measure to assist farmers, but became the highest protective tariff in the nation's history Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) Government lending bank created to provide indirect assistance to insurance companies, banks, and railroads Bonus Army Group of World War I veterans who were greatly affected economically by the Great Depression and demanded what the government owed them due to their services Hoover-Stimson doctrine Stated that the United States wouldnt recognize any territorial acquisitions taken by force The Republican "Old Guard" Returns Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang 1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess? Warren Harding possessed many flaws, such as not begin able to sense moral halitosis in his corrupt associates. He hated to hurt peoples feelings, especially those of his friends and due to his poor leadership, so his associates often took advantage of him. GOP Reaction at the Throttle 2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration. There were a lot of pro-business policies enforced during the Harding administration. Harding

Jessica Chu Period-6 brought back laissez-faire policy of letting businesses run wild and free and put everything else e.g. progressive movements like the abolition of child labor and special protection for women. The Aftermath of War Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act 3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy? The war negatively impacted the economy everywhere, causing a sort of post-war recession. The War Industries Board was dissolved and because of laissez-faire, businesses ran free. The labor movement struggled and World War I veterans began protesting for benefits or wages due to their service to their country. America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact 4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's? The U.S. was not officially part of the United Nations, but there were unofficial observers who simply watched over the league. Because the U.S. was not directly involved, unofficial observers led to the destruction of the League of Nations. They began the disarmament conference which reduced the amount of ships and arms for all of the countries. Hiking the Tariff Higher Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law 5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs? Businesses wanted a higher tariff on Europeans and the Fordney-McCumber Tariff gave them just that. It increased tariffs to 38.5%. There was a problem however, Europe needed to pay the United States back through exports but the tariff stop the exports, and as a result the WWI reparations were not paid back. The Stench of Scandal Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty 6. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain Harding was a good man at heart but his kind nature was his greatest weakness. He failed to see that his administration was full of corrupt people; thus, during his presidency many scandals took place such as the Teapot Dome Scandal. Silent Cal Coolidge Know: Calvin Coolidge 7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency? Yes, the nicknames Silent Cal accurately describe Coolidge himself. It was ironic how ever that such a man of little words led the United States during one of its most prosperous times. He was taciturn and, unlike most politicians, hardly said much at all. Frustrated Farmers Know: McNary-Haugen Bill 8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same? During World War I farmers enjoyed a boom in commerce since much food was needed due to

Jessica Chu Period-6 the war efforts, farmers provided food and earned a good amount of money in the process. Many new inventions were created that helped make farm work easier but during the 20s farmers fell into tough times. A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924 Know: Robert La Follette 9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election? Calvin Coolidge easily won the 1924 election because the Democrats had a hard time defining their positions and themselves at a New York City Convention. Since times were good, Coolidge was reelected. Foreign-Policy Flounderings 10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries? The arguments for America canceling the World War I debt of European countries that Germany should deserve to pay its own debt. Coolidge saw that the situation for Germany was hopeless as Germany was out of money and was suffering from inflation, which made the newly printed marks worthless. Unraveling the Debt Knot Know: Dawes Plan 11. What were the world-wide repercussions of Americas insistence on debt repayment? The world wide repercussions for Americas insistence on debt repayment were that Britain and France pay their debts to the U.S. so instead they put pressure onto Germany who could not pay. Charles Dawes came up with the Dawes plan, which stated that America would loan money to Germany who would then make payments to Britain and France who would then pay America. The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928 Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin" 12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith? Herbert Hoover was a lot more popular with votes than Al Smith because he spoke of Rugged Individualism, which was that America became great by self-sufficient and strong individuals and that those people were still needed in America. Smith also had a drinking problem, which was looked down upon during the prohibition days. Hoover also sounded better on the radio than Smith did. President Hoover's First Moves Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff 13. Did Hoovers attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain. Herbert Hoovers attempts to help farmers produce positive results somewhat benefited the farmers. He stet up a Federal Farm board, which lent money to farmers and started the Cotton Stabilization Corporation. However the Hawley-Smoot Tariff had a lot of negative effects, which lowered tariffs, slowed trade and moved America towards isolationism, which would allow Hitler to rise to power. The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?" 14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash? The immediate effect of the stock market crash were that the sell-off had begun and prices

Jessica Chu Period-6 plummet, causing stock holders to loose $40 billion in value. Business began to go out of business, unemployment skyrocketed, and over 5 thousands bands went bankrupt because people withdrew their money. Hooked on the Horn of Plenty Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles 15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression? The causes that contributed to the Great Depression were the huge stock market crash, over speculation in stock instead of land, this time around, and over production. American consumerism and production had over extended itself and over reached the consumers ability to use real money to buy things. Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian 16. How did President Hoovers beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression? President Hoovers beliefs affected the way he handled the Depression in that he took the blame, which did nothing to help him. His rugged individualism made him slow to take government action and he believed that the Depression was a natural part of the business cycle. He came to the conclusion to just wait it out. Hoover Battles the Great Depression Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts 17. Is Hoovers reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain. Hoovers reputation as ultra-conservative is not well deserved due the environment around him, which caused him to let the government take action and went against his nature. He tried to jump start the economy through government spending and passed the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to lend money to finance FDRs New deal projects. Routing the Bonus Army in Washington Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur 18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why? The Bonus Army was a group of World War I veterans who wanted bonuses for saving the world for democracy and the Bonus Expeditionary Force was created and consisted of people who set up camp in Washington to demand their bonuses. Riots emerged in the confusion and the Army was needed to carry out the eviction. Japanese Militarists Attack China Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine 19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations? The Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrated the League of Nations weakness because people were shocked to discover that the Kellogg-Briand Pact, which outlawed war, was being violated. It showed that the League of Nations didnt do anything and couldnt do anything. It taught a lesson however that weaker nations could be taken over by aggressive ones and that although free nations would complain; no action would be taken to stop the aggressive nations.

Jessica Chu Period-6 Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy 20. What was President Hoovers policy toward Latin America President Hoovers policy towards Latin America was one of friendship. After the U.S-Latin American relations had been ruined, Hoover desired to change that into friendship. American troops were pulled out of Nicaragua and Haiti which laid the foundation for the Good Neighbor policy. Chapter 33: Identifications and Guided Reading Questions Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt was FDRs wife. As First Lady she was very politically active. Harry Hopkins Led FERA. One of FDRs most influential advisers. Granted $3 billion to states for direct dole payments or wages on work projects. Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor; first woman cabinet member Father Coughlin Catholic priest in Michigan who began radio broadcasting in 1930; social justice anti-New Deal Huey Long Senator from Louisiana; share our wealth. Every family was to receive $5000 at the expense of the rich. Every man a king Francis Townshend California; every senior citizen 60+ years old would receive $200 a month provided that the money was spent within the month. Harold Ickes Led PWA to long-range recovery and was the Secretary of the Interior. Alfred M. Landon Republican candidate in 1936, but only received votes from Maine and Vermont. Brain Trust(s) Small group of reform-minded intellectuals who often ghostwrote FDRs speeches. Mostly young college professors that authored much of the New Deal legislation. The three R's Relief, Recovery, Reform. Part of FDRs New Deal National Labor Relation Board A.K.A. Wagner Act; Administrative board that gave laborers the rights of self-organization and collective bargaining. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Formed by John L Lewis, who was originally boss of the United Mine Workers Liberty League The Liberty League consisted of people who were against FDRs New Deal because they believed that FDR was pushing the US to socialism Court-packing scheme Add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every new member over 70 who would not retire.

Jessica Chu Period-6 Maximum number is 15 judges. FDR: A Politician in a Wheelchair Know: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt 1 What kind of man was FDR? FDR was a man of the people, similar to Theodore Roosevelt. He was handsome, tall, and athletic and though he was confined to a wheelchair, this may have helped to humble him, making him a likeable candidate. He had a way with words and conveyed a sense of actually caring about the people. Presidential Hopefuls of 1932 2. What was Roosevelt's campaign message in the 1932 election? Roosevelt was the Democratic nominee and exuded confidence and appealed to the common man, which was most of the United States population. He radiated a happier tone than Herbert Hoover whom people were beginning to become tired of (they began to wish for change). The Humiliation of Hoover in 1932 3. What were the immediate results of Roosevelt's victory? Roosevelt won in a landslide victory and the immediate results were that the majority of blacks, who were traditionally Republicans out of gratitude to Lincoln, converted to Democrats. They saw Democrats as a way to help their department of being hired last. FDR and the Three R's: Relief, Recovery, Reform Know: New Deal, Banking Holiday, Hundred Days, Three R's, 4. Describe the New Deal. The New Deal was created by Franklin D. Roosevelt and consisted of the hundred days and the Three Rs. He also started the bank holiday, which closed banks for a week and allowed him to reform them to get people to trust banks again and restart the economy. The Three Rs were relief, which was an immediate effect, recovery which would keep the United States out of Depression for a couple of years, and reform which would prevent the U.S. from going through the same crisis again. Roosevelt Manages the Money Know: Fireside Chats, Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Managed Currency 5. What were the key aspects of FDR's monetary policy? The key aspects of FDRs monetary policy were the Emergency Banking Policy, Fireside Chats, the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act, Managed Currency, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He also took away the gold standard to get people to use federal money on programs in hopes to jump starting the economy. Creating Jobs for the Jobless Know: Pump Priming, CCC, FERA, Harry Hopkins, AAA, HOLC, CWA 6. Explain the difference between New Deal agencies and what radical critics wanted the government to do. FDR wanted to use the government to help people and used Pump Priming to help jump-start the company. His most popular program was the CCC, which helped create more jobs. However, Radical critics didnt like FDRs New Deal or its programs and wanted the government to created actual jobs, not fake ones, in their eyes.

Jessica Chu Period-6 A Day for Every Demagogue Know: Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, Dr. Francis E. Townsend, WPA 7. List other historical demagogues. Some other historical demagogues were Huey Kingfish Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Francis E. Townsend. Each wanted something different to be reformed but was not all were against FDRs new deal. Most of the demagogues focused on creating equality between the social classes. New Visibility for Women Know: Frances Perkins, Mary McLeod Bethune, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Pearl Buck 8. Explain the factors that made it possible for these women to gain fame. The factors that made it possible for these women to gain fame were mainly due to suffrage being granted 10 years before. Many notable women were Eleanor Roosevelt, Mary McLeod Bethune, Frances Perkins, Ruth Benedict, Pearl Buck, and Margaret Mead. Frances Perkins was the first woman cabinet member, Pearl S. Buck wrote The Good Earth, and Eleanor Roosevelt was the First Lady. Helping Industry and Labor Know: NRA, Sick Chicken Decision, PWA, Harold Ickes 9. How did the NRA attempt to restore industry? The NRAs goal was to help labor, industry, and the unemployed. It was one of the most complicated New Deal programs. It set up maximum work hours as well as minimum wages. It tried to spread out to more people and also put an end to child labor. Paying Farmers Not to Farm 10. How did the federal government attempt to help farmers? The government attempted to help farmers through the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), which would create artificial scarcity and paid farmers not to farm and reduce supply. It seemed like a wasteful law but caused farm incomes to rise as well as farm unemployment. Dust Bowls and Black Blizzards Know: Dust Bowl, Okies and Arkies, The Grapes of Wrath, Indian Reorganization Act 11. How did nature cause problems for some farmers on the plains? The biggest problem nature caused for some plain farmers was the Dust Bowl. It was an area that suffered long drought caused when winds kicked up and blew dusty topsoil away. It was caused by the dry-plowing technique used by farmers to irrigate only the top inches of soil, creating a powdery layer that easily blew away. John Steinbeck wrote about the many Okies and Arkies plights and their trek to California in his novel The Grapes of Wrath. Makers of America: The Dust Bowl Migrants Know: San Joaquin Valley, Farm Security Administration, Okievilles 12. In what ways were things better in California? In what ways were they the same? In some ways things were better in California because the people there did not have to deal with the Dust Bowl problems. California was painted as a bright promise with a life of leisure and plenty amid the palms. However, California was still affected by the Great Depression. Battling Bankers and Big Business Know: Federal Securities Act, SEC 13. "Reformist New Dealers were determined from the outset to curb the `money changers....'"

Jessica Chu Period-6 Explain. The Federal Securities Act required businesses to report honest numbers because beforehand they reported fake numbers and lost them and the Securities Exchange Commission helped to keep an eye on businesses. The TVA Harnesses the Tennessee River Know: TVA, Creeping Socialism 14. What arguments were used for and against the TVA project? People needed the TVA because they felt that electricity companies of gouging consumers with high rates and wanted to expand electricity to less urban parts. It would end up helping to improve millions of peoples lives. Housing Reform and Social Security Know: FHA, Social Security 15. How did the FHA and Social Security attempt to help some of society's least fortunate? The FHA and Social Security attempted to help a few of societys least fortunate set up a plan for the elderly, handicapped, delinquents, and other weak individuals. The payment plan was funded by taxes on employers and workers in which payments would be given to the groups previously mentioned. A New Deal for Labor Know: Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board, CIO, John L. Lewis, Sit-down Strike 16. How did labor respond to the improvement of conditions brought about by the New Deal? Labor did not respond well at the beginning of 1934; there were many often-violent strikes and Congress even replaced the NRA with the Wagner act, which guaranteed the right of unions to gather and collectively bargain with management. Memberships in labor unions skyrocketed when the Fair Labor Standards Act was created. Landon Challenges "the Champ Know: Alfred Landon, American Liberty League 17. What was the significance of the 1936 election? FDR was established as a popular president and crushed Alfred M. Landon (the Republican candidate) during the election. FDR would go on to serve 4 terms. Nine Old Men on the Supreme Bench 18. Why did Roosevelt ask Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court? Roosevelt asked Congress for a bill that would allow him to add justices to the Supreme Court because he wanted the Supreme Court to go his way. Many of the justices were over 70 and still keeping a Republican grip on things. If FDR had his way, he would make the appointments and greatly increase his power. However, Congress said that it would give him too much power and vetoed the idea. The Court Changes Course Know: Court Packing, Hugo Black 19. What were the consequences of FDR's attempt to pack the Court? FDR was accused of become a dictator, but the Court eventually began to say his way and vote liberally. Many had the suspicion that the court-packing scheme was started in the first place because hardly any of the New Deal bills were passed.

Jessica Chu Period-6 The Twilight of the New Deal Know: Roosevelt Recession, John Maynard Keynes, Hatch Act 20. Assess the successfulness of FDR in his second term. Even though FDR was elected for a second term, the Great Depression did not disappear. The economy even took a down-turn with the Roosevelt Recession which was caused by the governments policies. FDR then cut back on the spending but later reneged and went back to spending heavily. New Deal or Raw Deal? 21. What criticism of the New Deal seems most fair to you? Least fair? To me, the New Deal seemed like it spent a lot of money. However, there was no perfect answer to the situation, but the least fair criticism was that very little was accomplished. This is not true because many of FDRs plans are still in use today. Varying Viewpoints: How Radical Was the New Deal Know: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Carl Degler, Constraints School of Historians, New Deal Coalition 22. What did William Leuechtenburg mean when he called the New Deal a "half-way revolution?" (Your answer should focus more on the information before this term than on the information after it.) A revolution is similar to that of a huge change in something, like the American Revolution in which the colonists rose up against Great Britain to break away. Leuechtenburg means that American was making a great change with the New Deal, which reshaped American to help bring it back from the abyss of the Great Depression. However, it was neither conservative nor radical as it simply affected the American peoples desires and needs.