Trends in the Criminal Justice System

Mike Lawlor, Undersecretary

Presented

March 2014

Judiciary Committee
Trends in criminal justice

• Reduction in index crimes 2008 to 2012: 11.2%

• Reduction in criminal arrests 2009 to 2013: 23.7%

• Reduction in prison population 2010 to 2014: 8.1%

• Reduction in minority prison population 2010 to 2014: 10.2%

• Reduction in prison admits 2009 to 2013: 16.8%

• Reduction in pre-trial admits 2009 to 2013: 15.9%

• Reduction in total prison releases and discharges 2009 to

2013: 18.5%
Trends in criminal justice (2)

• Reduction in EOS releases 2009 to 2013: 17.3%

• Reduction in parole releases 2009 to 2013: 40.2%

• Reduction in TS releases 2009 to 2013: 33.7%

• Reduction in DOC remands 2009 to 2013: 13.9%

• Reduction in adult probation 2009 to 2013: 16.7%

• Reduction in urban* homicides 2011 to 2013: 31%

• Reduction in urban* shootings 2011 to 2013: 32.5%

* Hartford, Bridgeport and New Haven

 86,994 2012
87,094 2011
88,342 2010
93,213 2009
97,947 2008
93,017 2007
97,605 2006
98,336 2005
103,093 2004
Total index crimes – CT UCR, 1960 - 2012

103,026 2003
104,223 2002
106,791 2001
110,091 2000
111,236 1999
123,971 1998
130,286 1997
138,414 1996
147,481 1995
148,946 1994
152,392 1993
165,787 1992
176,531 1991
177,068 1990
170,695 1989
165,214 1988
160,413 1987
153,989 1986
149,330 1985
145,995 1984
156,204 1983
171,129 1982
182,823 1981
182,051 1980
180,033 1979
152,765 1978
150,493 1977
155,993 1976
153,419 1975
136,087 1974
112,717 1973
104,883 1972
112,338 1971
105,807 1970
96,764 1969
85,527 1968
66,726 1967
56,990 1966
51,951 1965
49,958 1964
42,045 1963
34,736 1962
32,536 1961
29,321 1960

80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
200,000
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
Reported crimes (UCR) and arrests

120000 Violent crime Property crime Reported crimes

100000
92042 94197 92183 90627 87442
80000 86850 82712 78519 77445 77380
60000
40000
20000 10399 10254 10096 10525 10550 10768 10532 10077 9887 10167
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

150,000
124,249
Statewide arrests
119,432 118,940 115,601 115,337 117,196 114,789
114,011 114,156
101,065
94,856
100,000

50,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011* 2012* 2013*
Juvenile courts

The number of juveniles referred to the court is down 16.5% since 2008,
despite full implementation of Raise the Age.

Raise the age became effective for 16-year olds on January 1, 2010.
It became effective for 17-year olds on July 1, 2012.
Changing marijuana laws and arrests

150,000
124,249
Statewide arrests
119,432 118,940 115,601 115,337 117,196 114,789
114,011 114,156
101,065
94,856
100,000

50,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011* 2012* 2013*

140,000
Total arrests Marijuana citations
120,000 114,789
101,065
100,000 94,856

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000
2,952 6,811 6,667
0
2011* 2012 2013

*CT PA 11-71 became effective on 7/1/2011

The prison population
20,000
19,000 Total prison population, Jan. 1
19,438
18,902 18,978
18,000
18,001 17,928 18,053
17,000 17,746
17,022
16,000 16,594
16,347
15,000
14,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

20,000
Sentenced prison population, Jan. 1
15,000
14,432 14,998 14,745
13,810 13,739 13,876 13,578 12,955
10,000 12,104 12,417

5,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

4,000
3,900
Pre‐trial prison population, Jan. 1
3,906
3,800 3,853
3,700 3,788
3,738
3,685 3,694 3,697
3,600 3,668
3,623 3,614
3,500
3,400
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: CT DOC
Racial disparity in the prison population
WHITE BLACK HISPANIC
20000
18000
5141 5226
16000 4863 5093 4983 4993 5022 4834
4962 4623
14000 4379 4326 4336
12000
10000 7984 8140 8409 8045 7732
8197 8152 7873 7818 7360 6949 6738 6934
8000
6000
4000
5154 5351 5251 5348 5535 5739 5803 5675 5668 5586 5404 5176 5207
2000
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

100%
90%
27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 26% 26% 26% 26% 26%
80%
70%
60%
50% 45% 44% 43% 43% 43% 43% 43% 43% 42% 42% 41% 41% 42%

40%
30%
20%
28% 29% 29% 29% 30% 30% 30% 30% 31% 32% 32% 32% 31%
10%
0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

DOC admissions 2005 - 2013

40000
All prison admits
30000 33,710 34,944 34,467 33,180 31,452 30,036
27,429 27,338 26,155
20000

10000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

30,000
Pre‐trial DOC admits
20,000 23,644 24,528 23,935 23,958
22,298 21,523
19,211 19,464 18,744
10,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: CT DOC
Releases and discharges, sentenced

30,000
Total releases and discharges, sentenced
20,000
21,277 21,475 21,586 20,746 21,371 20,439 20,641 19,844
17,425
10,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

15,000
EOS discharges
10,000 11,901 11,532 12,044 12,214 11,750 11,642
11,035 10,841
9,716
5,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: CT DOC
DOC community supervision 2005 - 2013
3,000
Parole releases
2,663
2,000 2,255 2,237 2,223 2,099
1,720 1,869
1,536
1,000 1,338

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

5,000
TS releases
4,000
3,944 3,735
3,000
3,215 3,123
2,745 2,939
2,000 2,398 2,537 2,479
1,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

 4,000 Remands
 3,000 3,422 
2,840  2,939  2,759  2,715  2,667 
 2,000 2,430  2,352  2,337 

 1,000

 ‐
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: CT DOC
DUI home confinement and special parole
150 133 140 133 DUI Home confinement
119 116 117 123 121 122
103 103 101 104 102 99 99 102 107 99 95 90 94
100 81

50 31
0 2
0
FEB '12

MAR

APR

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN '13

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN '14

FEB

MAR
Special parole discharges
476
500 405
383
400 321 327
273
300
191
200 137
100 17
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
500
Special parole remandees, Jan. 1
400
388 382 399
300 335
310 299
200 262
225 233
100

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: CT DOC
Recidivism among prisoners

Recidivism rates, new arrests, males Recidivsm rates, return to prison, males
80% 70%
70%
70% 66% est. 61% 58%
est.
62% 59% 62% 60% 53% 51% 52%
60% 54% 48%
50%
50% 44% 41% 38% 37%
38% 40% 34%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10% 10%

0% 0%
12 month rate 24 month rate 36 month rate 12 month rate 24 month rate 36 month rate
2005 cohort 2008 cohort 2011 cohort 2005 cohort 2008 cohort 2011 cohort

Source: OPM - CJPPD

Probation population

80,000
Adult probation population in January
60,000
57,498 57,723 56,293 55,687
54,314 51,712
40,000 48,778 46,898

20,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: CSSD
Recidivism among adult probationers
Recidivism among juveniles
 Source: UCR - OCME
97

2013
146

2012
2011
2010
2009
OCME

2008
2007
2006
2005
UCR

2004
2003
88

2002
2001
Murders in Connecticut 1960 - 2013

2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
216

1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
96
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960

250

200

150

100

50

0
 Urban homicides and shootings
Homicides in CT cities, 2011 ‐ 2013 Shooting incidents in CT cities, 2011 ‐ 2013
40 140 133
2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013
34
35 120
105
30 27 95
100 92 92
25 22 22 23 79
20 20 80 69
20 66
17
56
60
15 13

10 40

5 20

0 0
Bridgeport Hartford New Haven Bridgeport Hartford New Haven

Homicide totals, statewide & top 3 cities 
200
Statewide
Bridgeport, Hartford and New Haven
150
146
129
100 81
61 96
56
50

0 Source: OCME
2011 2012 2013
Intimate partner homicides

16
14
14
12
12
10 9
8
6
4
2
0
2011 2012 2013

Source: CCADV
OPM’s input-output model of the CJ system
www.ct.gov/opm/CriminalJustice/Research