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Doc Slab on Grade PCA Fig. 3-Wheel Load PCA Fig. 7a-Post Load PCA Fig. 7b-Post Load PCA Fig. 7c-Post Load Wall Load Unif. Load
Description
This documentation sheet Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Concentrated Post or Wheel Loading PCA Figure 3 - Design Chart for Single Wheel Loads PCA Figure 7a - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 50 pci) PCA Figure 7b - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 100 pci) PCA Figure 7c - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 200 pci) Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Wall Load Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Stationary Uniform Live Loads
f. Slab is considered infinite for center loading and semi-infinite for edge loading. g. Load at interior and corner of slab distributed uniformly of a circular contact area. h. Full contact (support) between the slab and foundation.
3. Other basic assumptions used in the flexural analysis of the "Slab on Grade" worksheet are as follows: a. Slab viewed as a plate on a liquid foundation with full subgrade contact (subgrade modeled as a series of independent springs - also known as "Winkler" foundation.) b. Modulus of subgrade reaction ("k") is used to represent the subgrade. c. Slab is considered as unreinforced concrete beam, so that any contribution made to flexural strength by the inclusion of distribution reinforcement is neglected. d. Combination of flexural and direct tensile stresses will result in transverse and longitudinal cracks. e. Supporting subbase and/or subgrade act as elastic material, regaining position after application of load. 4. The "Slab on Grade" worksheet allows the user to account for the effect of an additional post or wheel load. The increase in stress, 'i', due to a 2nd wheel (or post) load expressed as a percentage of stress for a single wheel (or post) load generally varies between 15% to 30% as is to be input by the user. 5. All four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c from Reference (f) in item #1 above are based on interior load condition and other similar assumptions used in the "Slab on Grade" worksheet. Other assumed values used in the development of the Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c are as follows: a. Modulus of elasticity for concrete, Ec = 4,000,000 psi. b. Poisson's Ratio for concrete, m = 0.15. 6. In the four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c, the user must manually determine (read) the required slab thickness from the design chart and must manually input that thickness in the appropriate cell at the bottom of the page. An interation or two may be required, as when the slab thickness is input, it may/may not change the effective contact area. Note: the user may unprotect the worksheet (no password is required) and access the Drawing Toolbar (select: View, Toolbars, and Drawing) to manually draw in (superimpose) the lines on the chart which are used to determine the required slab thickness. 7. This program contains numerous comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)
DE GRADO
heet rated Post or Wheel Loading ngle Wheel Loads st Loads (k = 50 pci) t Loads (k = 100 pci) t Loads (k = 200 pci) s for Wall Load onary Uniform Live Loads
Slab Thickness, t = Concrete Strength, f 'c = Conc. Unit Weight, wc = Reinforcing Yield, fy = Subgrade Modulus, k = Concentrated Load, P = Contact Area, Ac = Factor of Safety, FS = Dowel Bar Dia., db = Dowel Bar Spacing, s = Const. Joint Width, z = Joint Spacing, L = Temperature Range, DT = Increase for 2nd Wheel, i =
8.000 5000 150 60000 100 12500.00 114.00 2.00 0.750 12.000 0.2500 20.000 50.00 15
in. in. in. ft. deg. % Lubricate this end of all Dowels
Results: Check Slab Flexural Stress: Effective Load Radius, a = Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = Modulus of Rupture, MR = Cracking Moment, Mr = Poisson's Ratio, m = Radius of Stiffness, Lr = Equivalent Radius, b = 1 Load: fb1(actual) = 2 Loads: fb2(actual) = Fb(allow) = Check Slab Bearing Stress: fp(actual) = Fp(allow) =
Typical Construction Joint for Load Transfer (assuming unreinforced slab with interior load condition) a = SQRT(Ac/p) Ec = 33*wc^1.5*SQRT(f 'c) MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) Mr = MR*(12*t^2/6)/12000 (per 1' = 12" width) m = 0.15 (assumed for concrete) Lr = (Ec*t^3/(12*(1-m^2)*k))^0.25 b = SQRT(1.6*a^2+t^2)-0.675*t , for a < 1.724*t fb1(actual) = 3*P*(1+m)/(2*p*t^2)*(LN(Lr/b)+0.6159) (Ref. 1) fb2(actual) = fb1(actual)*(1+i/100) Fb(allow) = MR/FS Fb(allow) >= fb(actual), O.K. (assuming working stress) fp(actual) = P/Ac Fp(allow) = 4.2*MR
6.024 4286826 636.40 6.79 0.15 36.985 5.648 267.58 307.72 318.20
109.65 2672.86
psi psi
Check Slab Punching Shear Stress: bo = 42.708 fv(actual) = 20.91 Fv(allow) = 171.83 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinf.: Friction Factor, F = 1.50 Slab Weight, W = 100.00 Reinf. Allow. Stress, fs = 45000 As = 0.033
(assuming working stress) bo = 4*SQRT(Ac) (assumed shear perimeter) fv(actual) = P/(t*(bo+4*t)) Fv(allow) = 0.27*MR Fv(allow) >= fv(actual), O.K. (assuming subgrade drag method) F = 1.5 (assumed friction factor between subgrade and slab) W = wc*(t/12) fs = 0.75*fy As = F*L*W/(2*fs)
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Determine Estimated Crack Width: Slab-base Frict. Adjust., C = 1.00 Thermal Expansion, a = 0.0000055 Shrinkage Coefficient, e = 0.00026 Est. Crack Width, DL = 0.1284
(assuming no use of stabilized or granular subbase) C = 1.0 (assumed value for no subbase) a = 5.5x10^(-6) (assumed thermal expansion coefficient) e = 3.5x10^(-4) (assumed coefficient of shrinkage) DL = C*L*12*(a*DT+e)
s di d4 d3 d2 d1 d2 d3 d4 di
1.0*Pc
Assumed Load Transfer Distribution for Dowels at Construction Joint Le = 36.985 Effective Dowels, Ne = 3.11 Joint Load, Pt = 6250.00 Critical Dowel Load, Pc = 2011.88 Mod. of Dowel Suppt., kc = 1500000 Mod. of Elasticity, Eb = 29000000 Inertia/Dowel Bar, Ib = 0.0155 Relative Bar Stiffness, b = 0.889 fd(actual) = 5299.09 Fd(allow) = 5416.67
in. bars lbs. lbs. psi psi in.^4 psi psi
Le = 1.0*Lr = applicable dist. each side of critical dowel Ne = 1.0+2*S(1-d(n-1)*s/Le) (where: n = dowel #) Pt = 0.50*P (assumed load transferred across joint) Pc = Pt/Ne kc = 1.5x10^6 (assumed for concrete) Eb = 29x10^6 (assumed for steel dowels) Ib = p*db^4/64 b = (kc*db/(4*Eb*Ib))^(1/4) fd(actual) = kc*(Pc*(2+b*z)/(4*b^3*Eb*Ib)) Fd(allow) = (4-db)/3*f 'c Fd(allow) >= fd(actual), O.K.
References: 1. "Load Testing of Instumented Pavement Sections - Improved Techniques for Appling the Finite Element Method to Strain Predition in PCC Pavement Structures" - by University of Minnesota, Department of Civil Engineering (submitted to MN/DOT, March 24, 2002) 2. "Dowel Bar Opimization: Phases I and II - Final Report" - by Max L. Porter (Iowa State University, 2001) 3. "Design of Slabs on Grade" - ACI 360R-92 - by American Concrete Institute (from ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, 1999) 4. "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" (IS195.01D) - by Robert G. Packard (Portland Cement Association, 1976) Comments:
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Top/Slab
on Grade
Direction of pour Min. of t/3 or 2"
t/2
r/b)+0.6159)
(Ref. 1)
(continued)
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pansion coefficient)
(Ref. 2)
Department of Civil
Manual of Concrete
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Input Data: Concrete Strength, f 'c = 5000 Subgrade Modulus, k = 100.00 Axle Load, Pa = 25000.00 Wheel Spacing, S = 37.00 Tire Inflation Pressure, Ip = 110.00 Factor of Safety, FS = 2.00 Results: Wheel Load, Pw = 12500.00 Tire Contact Area, Ac = 113.64 Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) = 113.64 Concrete Flexual Strength, MR = 636.40 Concrete Working Stress, WS = 318.20 Slab Stress/1000 lb. Axle Load = 12.73 Slab Tickness, t = 7.900
lbs. in.^2 in.^2 psi psi psi in. psi pci lbs. in. psi
Instructions for Use of Figure 3: 1. Enter chart with slab stress = 12.73 2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 113.64 3. Move up/down to wheel spacing = 37 4. Move to right to subgrade modulus = 100 5. Read required slab thickness, t
Pw = Pa/2 (1/2 of axle load for 2 wheels/axle) A c = P w/ I p Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6 MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture) WS = MR/FS Ss = WS/(Pa/1000) t = determined from Figure 3 above
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SIS
Note: User MUST determine slab thickness from
Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickness (values from PCA F
ad for 2 wheels/axle)
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Input Data: Concrete Strength, f 'c = 5000 Subgrade Modulus, k = 50.00 Post Load, P = 13000.00 Post Spacing, y = 98.00 Post Spacing, x = 66.00 Load Contact Area, Ac = 64.00 Factor of Safety, FS = 3.00 Results: Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) = Concrete Flexual Strength, MR = Concrete Working Stress, WS = Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load = Slab Tickness, t = 76.34 636.40 212.13 16.32 10.800
in.^2 psi psi psi in. psi pci lbs. in. in. in.^2
Instructions for Use of Figure 7a : 1. Enter chart with slab stress = 16.32 2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 76.34 3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98 4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66 5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6 MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture) WS = MR/FS Ss = WS/(P/1000) t = determined from Figure 7a above
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SIS
Note: User MUST determine slab thickness from
Figure 8 - Post Configurations and Loads for which Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c Apply
Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickness (values from PCA F
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Input Data: Concrete Strength, f 'c = 5000 Subgrade Modulus, k = 100.00 Post Load, P = 13000.00 Post Spacing, y = 98.00 Post Spacing, x = 66.00 Load Contact Area, Ac = 64.00 Factor of Safety, FS = 3.00 Results: Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) = Concrete Flexual Strength, MR = Concrete Working Stress, WS = Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load = Slab Tickness, t = 70.03 636.40 212.13 16.32 9.800
in.^2 psi psi psi in. psi pci lbs. in. in. in.^2
Instructions for Use of Figure 7b: 1. Enter chart with slab stress = 16.32 2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 70.03 3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98 4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66 5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6 MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture) WS = MR/FS Ss = WS/(P/1000) t = determined from Figure 7b above
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SIS
Note: User MUST determine slab thickness from
Figure 8 - Post Configurations and Loads for which Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c Apply
Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickness (values from PCA F
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Input Data: Concrete Strength, f 'c = 5000 Subgrade Modulus, k = 200.00 Post Load, P = 13000.00 Post Spacing, y = 98.00 Post Spacing, x = 66.00 Load Contact Area, Ac = 64.00 Factor of Safety, FS = 3.00 Results: Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) = Concrete Flexual Strength, MR = Concrete Working Stress, WS = Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load = Slab Tickness, t = 68.02 636.40 212.13 16.32 9.200
in.^2 psi psi psi in. psi pci lbs. in. in. in.^2
Instructions for Use of Figure 7c: 1. Enter chart with slab stress = 16.32 2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 68.02 3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98 4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66 5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6 MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture) WS = MR/FS Ss = WS/(P/1000) t = determined from Figure 7c above
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SIS
Note: User MUST determine slab thickness from
Figure 8 - Post Configurations and Loads for which Figures 7a, 7b, and 7c Apply
Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickness (values from PCA F
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Checker:
Input Data: Slab Thickness, t = Concrete Strength, f 'c = Subgrade Modulus, k = Wall Load, P = 8.000 4000 100 800.00
in. psi pci lb./ft.
(Subgrade)
Results: Design Parameters: Modulus of Rupture, MR = Allow. Bending Stress, Fb = Factor of Safety, FS = Section Modulus, S = Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = Width, b = Moment of Inertia, I = Stiffness Factor, l = Coefficient, Blx =
(Subgrade)
Concrete Slab Loaded Near Free Edge 569.21 101.19 5.625 128.00 3604997 12.00 512.00 0.0201 0.3224
psi psi in.^3/ft. psi in. in.^4
MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) Fb = 1.6*SQRT(f 'c) (as recommended in reference below) FS = MR/Fb S = b*t^2/6 Ec = 57000*SQRT(f 'c) b = 12" (assumed) I = b*t^3/12 l = (k*b/(4*Ec*I))^(0.25) Blx = coef. for beam on elastic foundation
Wall Load Near Center of Slab or Keyed/Doweled Joints: Pc = 4*Fb*S*l Allowable Wall Load, Pc = 1040.30 lb./ft. = 12.8*SQRT(f 'c)*t^2*(k/(19000*SQRT(f 'c)*t^3))^(0.25) Pc(allow) >= P, O.K. Wall Load Near Free Edge of Slab: Pe = Fb*S*l/Blx Allowable Wall Load, Pe = 806.68 lb./ft. = 9.9256*SQRT(f 'c)*t^2*(k/(19000*SQRT(f 'c)*t^3))^(0.25) Reference: Pe(allow) >= P, O.K. "Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads" Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987) Comments:
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Top/Slab
ar Center or at Joint
Top/Slab
ed in reference below)
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Checker:
Input Data:
*Aisle Width
Slab Thickness, t = Concrete Strength, f 'c = Subgrade Modulus, k = Factor of Safety, FS = Uniform Live Load, wLL =
wLL
wLL
(Subgrade)
Results: Design Parameters: Modulus of Rupture, MR = Allow. Bending Stress, Fb = Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = Poisson's Ratio, m = Radius of Stiffness, Lr = Critical Aisle Width, Wcr =
psi psi
in. ft.
MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) Fb = MR/FS Ec = 57000*SQRT(f 'c) m = 0.15 (assumed for concrete) Lr = (Ec*t^3/(12*(1-m^2)*k))^0.25 Wcr = (2.209*Lr)/12
Reference: 1. "Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads" Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987) 2. "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" (IS195.01D) by Robert G. Packard (Portland Cement Association, 1976) Comments:
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oads
Top/Slab
e up to twice as great as
ayout configuration or
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