Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 This print-out should have 10 questions.

ons. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. The due time is Central time. Magnetic Field from an Arc 01 30:01, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min, wording-variable. 001 (part 1 of 2) 1 points Consider two radial legs extending to innity and a circular arc carrying a current I as shown below. y 20 23 I I O r 10. B0 =

2 0 I 23 Explanation: Using the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic eld due to the two radial legs is zero since ds r = 0. However, around the arc |ds r| = ds = r d . The magnetic eld at the center of an arc with a current I is B= ds r 0 I 2 4 r 0 I = ds 4 r2 0 I = r d 4 r2 0 I = 4r
20 23

x I What is the magnitude of the magnetic eld B0 at the origin O due to the current through this path? 1. B0 = 2. B0 = 3. B0 = 4. B0 = 5. B0 = 6. B0 = 7. B0 = 8. B0 = 9. B0 = 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 23 2 23 2 23 2 23 2 23 0 I correct r 0 I r2 0 I r 0 I r2 0 I 0 I r 0 I r2 0 I r 0 I r2

23 0 I = 4r 0 20 0 I 0 = 4 r 23

20

5 0 I . 23 r

002 (part 2 of 2) 1 points What is the direction of the magnetic eld B0 at point O due to the current through the path? 1. B is out of the page. correct 2. B is into the page. 3. B is to the right. 4. B is to the left. 5. B is down the page. 6. B is up the page. 7. B is zero. Explanation: The right-hand rule dictates that magnetic eld is out of the page.

Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 Square Loop of Wire 01 30:01, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min, wording-variable. 003 (part 1 of 3) 1 points A conductor in the shape of a square of edge length carries a counter-clockwise current I as shown in the gure below.

Consider a thin, straight wire carring a constant current I along the x-axis with the y axis pointing towards the center of the square, as in the following gure. y P r r

P I What is the magnitude of the magnetic eld at point P (at the center of the square loop) due to the current in only one of the sides of the wire? 1. B = 2. B = 3. B = 4. B = 5. B = 6. B = 7. B = 8. B = 9. B = 10. B = 0 I 2 correct 2 0 I 2 3 0 I 2 0 I 2 I 0 2 0 I 2 2 0 I 2 2 2 0 I 0 I 2 3 0 I 2

x O I Let us calculate the total magnetic eld at the point P located at a distance a from the wire. An element ds is at a distance r from P . The direction of the eld at P due to this element is out of the paper, since ds r is out of the paper. In fact, all elements give a contribution directly out of the paper at P . Therefore, we have only to determine the magnitude of the eld at P . In fact, taking the origin at O and letting P be along the being a unit vector positive y axis, with k pointing out of the paper, we see that x |ds (dx sin ) . ds r=k r| = k Substituting into Biot-Savart law gives dB , with dB = k dB = 0 I dx sin . 4 r2 (1)

ds

In order to integrate this expression, we must relate the variables , x, and r. One approach is to express x and r in terms of . From the geometry in the gure and some simple dierentiation, we obtain the following relationship r= a = a csc . sin (2)

Explanation: By the Biot-Savart law, dB = r 0 I ds . 4 r2

a Since tan = from the right triangle in x the gure, x = a cot and dx = a csc2 d .

(3)

Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 Substituting Eqs. 2 and 3 into Eq. 1 gives 0 I a csc2 sin d dB = 4 a2 csc2 0 I sin d . = 4a 2. B is into the page. 3. B is to the right. (4) 4. B is to the left. 5. B is down the page. 6. B is up the page. 7. B is zero.

Thus, we have reduced the expression to one involving only the variable . We can now obtain the total eld at P by integrating Eq. 4 over all elements subtending angles ranging from 1 to 2 as dened in the gure. This gives the magnetic eld as B= 0 I 2 sin d 4 a 1 0 I = (cos 1 cos 2 ) . 4a

Explanation: The direction of the magnetic eld due to a current element is determined by the cross product in the denition of the magnetic eld B= 0 I 4 ds r . 2 r

We can apply this result to this problem. For a segment of wire, as set up above, the magnetic eld at a point P is 0 I (cos 1 cos 2 ) . B= 4a For a square wire loop consider the bottom segment. Using the above general formula for this case gives Bone = 0 I 4 cos 3 cos 4 4

For the present case the right hand rule gives the direction of the magnetic eld as out of the page or out for short. 005 (part 3 of 3) 1 points What is the direction of the magnetic eld BP at point P due the right-to-left current in the top side of the square wire? 1. B is out of the page. correct 2. B is into the page. 3. B is to the right. 4. B is to the left. 5. B is down the page. 6. B is up the page. 7. B is zero. Explanation: See Part 2. Two Parallel Wires 02 30:02, calculus, multiple choice, > 1 min, xed.

2 0 I = 2 , 2 where the total magnetic eld is B = 4 Bone 2 0 I = 2, since all four sides contribute and the direction and magnitude of the eld is the same for each side. 004 (part 2 of 3) 1 points What is the direction of the magnetic eld BP at point P due to the downward current in the left-hand side of the square wire? 1. B is out of the page. correct

Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 006 (part 1 of 2) 1 points Consider the two parallel wires shown. They are separated by a distance a. Find the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic eld at P due to the two currents, where I1 = I2 = I . The shaded triangle is in the plane perpendicular to the two wires. In the left view, AP = BP . Explanation: A
^ i

P BA B BB
^ j

x A z

The direction of B = B A + B B is down (or ). 007 (part 2 of 2) 1 points What is the magnitude of the eld at P ? 0 I correct a 0 I 2. 2a 0 I 3. a 0 I 4. 4a 0 I 5. 2a 0 I 6. 4a Explanation: From the sketch, the resultant magnetic eld is pointing downward. Adding up the vertical projections, the magnitude of the magnetic eld at B is B = 2 BA cos 4 1 0 I =2 a 2 2 2 0 I = a 1. Innite Current Sheet 01 30:03, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, wording-variable. 008 (part 1 of 2) 1 points Consider an innite sheet of current, perpendicular to the x axis, located at x = 0 . The linear current density z ows in the z direction.

P B y A

left view

B
As seen from left, what is the direction of the magnetic eld at P ? : (Caution: Notice when viewing from the left, + is up and + is to the right.) 1. 2. + 3. + 4. correct ( + ) 2 ( + ) 6. 2 ( ) 7. 2 ( ) 8. 2 5.

Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 y innite current sheet in y, z plane x Current is in z direction, as shown by arrows.

y B B x

w Note: The top and bottom sides of length w do not contribute (since B = 0), and B is equal and opposite on opposite sides of the yz plane. The contributions from the left and right sides of length are equal and have the same magnitude. The amount of current enclosed is z , where z is a current per unit length in the direction shown in the gure and is the length perpendicular to the z direction in the plane of the current sheet. The units of z is [A/m]. Using Amp eres law, we have B ds = 0 I = 0 z 2 B = o z . Thus the magnetic eld is constant as we vary x . The constant magnetic eld in the x direction is Bx = 0 z . 2

Give the variation of the strength of the magnetic eld B as a function of distance x from the current sheet. 1. Bx constant correct 2. Bx 1 x 1 x2 1 x

3. Bx ln x 4. Bx 5. Bx

6. Bx x3/2

Explanation: Amp eres law can be used to determine the magnitude of the magnetic eld. To evaluate the line integral eres law, let B d in Amp us take a rectangular path through the sheet. The dimensions of the rectangle are in the y direction and w in the x direction.

009 (part 2 of 2) 1 points What is the direction of the magnetic eld at a point on the positive x side of the sheet (on the right-hand side of the sheet)? 1. Bx is in the y direction correct 2. Bx is in the +y direction 3. Bx is in the z direction

4. Bx is in the +z direction 5. Bx is in the x direction 6. Bx is in the +x direction

Version One Homework 8 Savrasov 39819 May 15, 2006 Explanation: The direction of the magnetic eld can be determined from Amp eres law as well, or by placing your thumb in the direction of the current ow, the curl of your ngers gives the direction of the magnetic eld. For all positive values of x , Bx is in the y direction. Solenoid Magnetic Field 30:04, trigonometry, multiple choice, > 1 min, xed. 010 (part 1 of 1) 1 points
I I

r p

y x

A wire is tightly wrapped around a cylinder to form a solenoid. What is the magnetic eld at a point P far enough away so that the fringing eld is zero? 1. zero 2. 0 n I x 3. 0 n I x 4. 0 n I z 5. 0 n I z 0 I )x 2r 0 I 7. ( )x 2r 0 I 8. ( )y 2r 0 I )z correct 9. ( 2r 0 I 10. ( )z 2r Explanation: Basic Concepts: Magnetic Field from an Ideal Solenoid. Magnetic Field from a Long Cylinder. 6. (

Since the wire is tightly wrapped and we are told to ignore the fringing eld, this situation is essentially an ideal solenoid. Inside an ideal solenoid, the magnetic eld is constant and parallel to the solenoid axis. Outside an ideal solenoid, the parallel component of the magnetic eld is zero. (The magnetic eld components from opposite sides of the solenoid combine inside the solenoid and cancel out outside the solenoid. See Serway chapter 30, sections 4 & 5 for further explanation.) Far from the solenoid, we simply see a radially symmetric current owing along the axis of the cylinder. The magnetic eld from such 0 I . At point P, this a current is simply 2r eld is in the z direction by the right hand rule. Since the component of the magnetic eld parallel to the solenoid axis is zero, this eld is the entire eld.