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la escol$a sobre o texto% Voc& ter ' tentativas de ( minutos !ara res!onder )s quest*es do questionrio% Albert Einstein Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy, and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television is a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1 !" Einstein became an e#aminer in the $wiss patent office at %ern. In 1 !&, at age "', he published the first of five ma+or (1) research papers. (he first one provided a theory e#plaining %rownian movement, the )ig*)ag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. (he second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or +uantum theory of light. In it ('), he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called +uanta or photons, which have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the ,special theory of relativity, which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. (he fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E - m.cc/, known as the energy mass e+uivalence. In 1 1', Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space*time continuum, created by the presence of mass. Einstein spoke out fre+uently against nationalism, the e#alting of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported 0ionism, the movement to establish a 1ewish homeland in 2alestine. 3hen the 4a)is came to power in 1 55, they critici)ed his ideas about 0ionism. He then moved to the 6nited $tates. In 1 5 Einstein learned that two 7erman chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to 2resident 8ranklin 9. :oosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to 7ermany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the 6nited $tates begin its own atomic bomb research. -o.ever ((), he was devastated when the bomb was used against civilians in Hiroshima, 1apan. $hortly before his death, he wrote; ,I made one great mistake in my life... when I signed the letter to 2resident :oosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made< but there was some =ustification > the danger that the 7ermans would make them.,