Math Vocab

High School Mathematics Geometry Vocabulary Word Wall Cards
Table of Contents
Reasoning, Lines, and Transformations
Basics of Geometry 1 Basics of Geometry 2 Geometry Notation Logic Notation Set Notation Conditional Statement Converse Inverse Contrapositive Symbolic Representations Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning roof roperties of Congruence La! of Detac"ment La! of Syllogism Countere#ample erpendicular Lines arallel Lines S$e! Lines %ransversal Corresponding &ngles &lternate Interior &ngles &lternate '#terior &ngles Consecutive Interior &ngles arallel Lines (idpoint (idpoint )ormula Slope )ormula Slope of Lines in Coordinate lane Distance )ormula Line Symmetry oint Symmetry Rotation *+rigin, Reflection %ranslation Dilation Rotation * oint, erpendicular Bisector Constructionso & line segment congruent to a given line segment o erpendicular bisector of a line segment o & perpendicular to a given line from a point not on t"e line o & perpendicular to a given line at a point on t"e line o & bisector of an angle o &n angle congruent to a given angle o & line parallel to a given line t"roug" a point not on t"e given line o &n e.uilateral triangle inscribed in a circle o & s.uare inscribed in a circle o & regular "e#agon inscribed in a circle o &n inscribed circle of a triangle o & circumscribed circle of a triangle
Virginia Department of Education 2013
Geometry Vocabulary Cards
Page 1
o & tangent line from a point outside a given circle to t"e circle
Triangles
Classifying %riangles by Sides Classifying %riangles by &ngles %riangle Sum %"eorem '#terior &ngle %"eorem yt"agorean %"eorem &ngle and Sides Relations"ips %riangle Ine.uality %"eorem Congruent %riangles SSS %riangle Congruence ostulate S&S %riangle Congruence ostulate /L Rig"t %riangle Congruence &S& %riangle Congruence ostulate &&S %riangle Congruence %"eorem Similar olygons Similar %riangles and roportions && %riangle Similarity ostulate S&S %riangle Similarity %"eorem SSS %riangle Similarity %"eorem &ltitude of a %riangle (edian of a %riangle Concurrency of (edians of a %riangle 01234123512 %riangle %"eorem 67236723512 %riangle %"eorem Geometric (ean %rigonometric Ratios Inverse %rigonometric Ratios &rea of a %riangle
Rectangle R"ombus S.uare %rape8oids Circle Circles Circle '.uation Lines and Circles Secant %angent Central &ngle (easuring &rcs &rc Lengt" Secants and %angents Inscribed &ngle &rea of a Sector Inscribed &ngle %"eorem 1 Inscribed &ngle %"eorem 2 Inscribed &ngle %"eorem 0 Segments in a Circle Segments of Secants %"eorem Segment of Secants and %angents %"eorem
Three !imensional "igures

Cone Cylinder oly"edron Similar Solids %"eorem Sp"ere yramid
Polygons and Circles

olygon '#terior &ngle Sum %"eorem olygon Interior &ngle Sum %"eorem Regular olygon roperties of arallelograms
Page 2
Page 3
Reasoning9 Lines9 and %ransformations
Page 4
Basics of Geometry
Point : & point "as no dimension; P It is a location on a plane; It is point P represented by a dot; Line : & line "as one dimension; It is an infinite set of points represented by a line !it" t!o arro!"eads t"at e#tends !it"out end; m Plane : & plane "as t!o dimensions e#tending !it"out end; It is often represented by a parallelogram;
plane ABC or plane N
A B Page C N A B
AB or BA or line m
Basics of Geometry
Line segment : & line segment consists of t!o endpoints and all t"e points bet!een t"em;
# $
&B or B&
Ray : & ray "as one endpoint and e#tends !it"out end in one direction;
C
Note- Name t"e endpoint first; BC and CB are different rays;

Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page !
BC
Geometry Notation
Symbols used to represent statements or operations in geometry; BC BC BC BC ABC m ABC
ABC
segment BC ray BC line BC lengt" of BC angle &BC measure of angle &BC triangle &BC is parallel to is perpendicular to
Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page "
<<
is congruent to is similar to
Logic Notation

iff %
or and read =implies>9 if? t"en? read =if and only if> read =if and only if> not t"erefore
Page #
Set Notation
&' x( x) empty set9 null set empty set9 null set read =x suc" t"at> read =x suc" t"at> union9 dis@unction9 or intersection9 con@unction9 and
Page $
Conditional Statement
a logical argument consisting of a set of premises9 "ypot"esis *p,9 and conclusion *.,
hypothesis
If an angle is a rig"t angle9 t"en its measure is 51;

conclusion
Symbolically-
if p9 t"en .
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards
p.
Page 10
Converse
formed by interc"anging t"e "ypot"esis and conclusion of a conditional statement Conditional- If an angle is a rig"t angle9 t"en its measure is 51; Converse- If an angle measures 519 t"en t"e angle is a rig"t angle;
Symbolically-
if .9 t"en p
.p
Page 11
Inverse
formed by negating t"e "ypot"esis and conclusion of a conditional statement Conditional- If an angle is a rig"t angle9 t"en its measure is 51; Inverse- If an angle is not a rig"t angle9 t"en its measure is not 51; Symbolically-
if Ap9 t"en A.
ApA.
Page 12
Contrapositive
formed by interc"anging and negating t"e "ypot"esis and conclusion of a conditional statement Conditional- If an angle is a rig"t angle9 t"en its measure is 51; Converse- If an angle does not measure 519 t"en t"e angle is not a rig"t angle; Symbolically-
if A.9 t"en Ap
A.Ap
Page 13
Symbolic Representations
Conditional if p9 t"en . Converse if .9 t"en p p. .p
if not p9 Inverse ApA. t"en not . Contrapositiv if not .9 A.Ap e t"en not p
Page 14
Deductive Reasoning
met"od using logic to dra! conclusions based upon definitions9 postulates9 and t"eorems '#amplerove *x B y, B z C *z B y, B x.
Step 1- *x B y, B z C z B *x B y,9 using commutative property of multiplication; Step 2- C z B *y B x,9 using commutative property of multiplication; Step 0- C *z B y, B x9 using associative property of multiplication;
Page 1
Inductive Reasoning
met"od of dra!ing conclusions from a limited set of observations
'#ampleGiven a pattern9 determine t"e rule for t"e pattern; Determine t"e ne#t number in t"is se.uence 19 19 29 09 79 D9 10;;;
Page 1!
roof
a @ustification logically valid and based on initial assumptions9 definitions9 postulates9 and t"eorems '#ampleGiven- 1 2 rove- 2 1 Statements 1 2 m1 C m2 m2 C m1 Reasons Given Definition of congruent angles Symmetric roperty of '.uality
Page 1"
roperties of Congruence
)or all angles A9 & &; Refle*i+e Pro,erty &n angle is congruent to itself; )or any angles A and B9 Symmetric If & B, t"en B & ; Pro,erty +rder of congruence does not matter; )or any angles A9 B9 and C9 If & B and B C9 t"en & C; If t!o angles are bot" congruent to a t"ird angle9 t"en t"e first t!o angles are also congruent;
Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 1#
Transiti+e Pro,erty
La! of Detac"ment
deductive reasoning stating t"at if t"e "ypot"esis of a true conditional statement is true t"en t"e conclusion is also true
-./ #
'#ampleIf m& E 5129 t"en & is an obtuse angle; m& C 121; %"erefore9 & is an obtuse angle;
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If pq is a true conditional statement and p is true9 t"en q is true;
Page 20
La! of Syllogism
deductive reasoning t"at dra!s a ne! conclusion from t!o conditional statements !"en t"e conclusion of one is t"e "ypot"esis of t"e ot"er '#ample1; If a rectangle "as four e.ual side lengt"s9 t"en it is a s.uare; 2; If a polygon is a s.uare9 t"en it is a regular polygon; 0; If a rectangle "as four e.ual side lengt"s9 t"en it is a regular polygon; If pq and qr are true conditional statements9 t"en pr is true;
Page 21
Countere#ampl e
specific case for !"ic" a con@ecture is false
'#ampleCon@ecture- =%"e product of any t!o numbers is odd;>
Countere#ample- . 0 1 2 3 +ne countere#ample proves a con@ecture false;
Page 22
erpendicular Lines
t!o lines t"at intersect to form a rig"t angle
m
Page 23
Line m is perpendicular to line n. mn
Page 24
arallel Lines
lines t"at do not intersect and are coplanar
m n
m<<n Line m is parallel to line n.

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 2
arallel lines "ave t"e same slope.
Page 2!
S$e! Lines
lines t"at do not intersect and are not coplanar
m
Page 2"
%ransversal
a line t"at intersects at least t!o ot"er lines
t t a x
Line t is a transversal;
Page 2#
Corresponding &ngles
angles in matc"ing positions !"en a transversal crosses at least t!o lines
t
1 . 4 5 6 3 7
'#amples1) 2 and 4 2) 0 and F
Page 2$
&lternate Interior &ngles

angles inside t"e lines and on opposite sides of t"e transversal
t . 1 4 b a
'#amples1% 1 and 6 2% 2 and 0
Page 30
&lternate '#terior &ngles

angles outside t"e t!o lines and on opposite sides of t"e transversal
t . a 1 4 b
Page 31
Consecutive Interior &ngles

angles bet!een t"e t!o lines and on t"e same side of t"e transversal
t 1 . 4 b a
Page 32
arallel Lines
t 1 . 4 5 6 3 7 b a
Line a is parallel to line b !"en

Corresponding angles are congruent &lternate interior angles are congruent &lternate e#terior angles are congruent Consecutive interior angles are supplementary 1 79 2 49 0 F9 6 D 0 4 6 7 1 D 2 F m0G m7 C 1D1 m6 G m4 C 1D1
Page 33
(idpoint
divides a segment into t!o congruent segments
C M D
'#ample- ( is t"e midpoint of CD C( (D C( C (D Segment bisector may be a point9 ray9 line9 line segment9 or plane t"at intersects t"e segment at its midpoint;
Page 34
(idpoint )ormula
given points &*x19 y1, and B*x29 y2, midpoint ( C
$ *x 9 y , 2 2 M # *x19 y1,
Page 3
Slope )ormula
ratio of vertical c"ange to "ori8ontal c"ange c"ange in y2 : y1 y slop C mC C e c"ange in x2 : x1 x
x2 : x1 $ *x29 y2, *x19 y1,
y2 : y1 #
Page 3!
Slopes of Lines
Parallel lines have the same slope. Perpendicular lines have slopes whose product is -1. Vertical lines have undefined slope. Horizontal lines have 0 slope.
n
y
'#ample%"e slope of line n C 32; %"e slope of line p 1 C 2; 32 B 1 2 C 319 t"erefore9 n p;
Page 3"
Distance )ormula
given points & *x19 y1, and B *x29 y2,
AB =
(x
x1 ) + ( y 2 y 1 )
2
y2 : y1 #
x2 : x1 $ *x29 y2, *x19 y1,
%"e distance formula is based on t"e yt"agorean %"eorem;
Page 3#
Line Symmetry
(+( B H
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 3$
oint Symmetry
C # # P C
pod
S
I
Page 40
Page 41
Rotation
y
$ C
! !
center of rotation
reimag e &*3091, B*3090, C*3190, D*3191,
Image &*190, B*090, C*091, D*191,
Page 42
re3image "as been transformed by a 51 cloc$!ise rotation about t"e origin;
Page 43
Rotation
y
A' center of rotation
re3image & "as been transformed by a 51 cloc$!ise rotation about t"e point *29 1, to form image &I;
Reflection
"
"
reimag Image e D*1932, D*31932, '*0932, '*30932, )*092, )*3092,
Page 4
%ranslation
y
! C
! C
reimage &*192, B*092, C*690, D*096, '*196,
Image &*32930, B*1930, C*1932, D*1931, '*32931,
Page 4!
Dilation
y
# # C
reimag e &*192, B*291, C*191,

*
Image &*196, B*691, C*191,
reimag e ' ) G /
Image ' ) G /
8 "
" H H G G
P
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 4"
erpendicular Bisector
a segment9 ray9 line9 or plane t"at is perpendicular to a segment at its midpoint
Z
'#ampleLine s is perpendicular to HJ; ( is t"e midpoint9 t"erefore H( (J; I lies on line s and is e.uidistant from H and J;
Page 4#
Constructions
%raditional constructions involving a compass and straig"tedge reinforce studentsK understanding of geometric concepts; Constructions "elp students visuali8e Geometry; %"ere are multiple met"ods to most geometric constructions; %"ese cards illustrate only one met"od; Students !ould benefit from e#periences !it" more t"an one met"od and s"ould be able to @ustify eac" step of geometric constructions;
Page 4$
Construct
segment CD congruent to segment AB
"ig; -
"ig; .
Page 0
Construct
a perpendicular bisector of segment AB
A
"ig; -
A
"ig; .
A
"ig; 1
Page 1
Construct
a perpendicular to a line from point not on t"e line
P P
A
"ig; -
A
"ig; .
A
"ig; 1
A
"ig; 4
Page 2
Construct
a perpendicular to a line from point on t"e line
A
"ig; -
P
"ig; .
A
"ig; 1
"ig; 4
Page 3
Construct
a bisector of A
A "ig; -
A "ig; .
A "ig; 1
A "ig; 4
Page 4
Construct
Y congruent to A
A
Y "ig; -
"ig; .
Y "ig; 1
Y "ig; 4
Page
Construct
line n parallel to line m t"roug" point P not on t"e line
P P
m "ig; -
!ra< a line through ,oint P intersecting line m;
"ig; .
P n
m "ig; 1
m "ig; 4
Page !
Construct
an e.uilateral triangle inscribed in a circle
"ig; -
"ig; .
"ig; 1
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page "
"ig; 4
Construct
a s.uare inscribed in a circle
"ig; -
!ra< a diameter;
"ig; .
"ig; 1
"ig; 4
Page #
Construct
a regular "e#agon inscribed in a circle
"ig; -
"ig; .
"ig; 1
"ig; 4
Page $
Construct
t"e inscribed circle of a triangle
"ig; -
$isect all angles;
"ig; .
"ig; 4 "ig; 1
Page !0
Construct
t"e circumscribed circle of a triangle
"ig; -
"ig; .
"ig; 1
"ig; 4
Page !1
Construct
a tangent from a point outside a given circle to t"e circle
P P
"ig; -
"ig; .
"ig; 1
"ig; 4
Page !2
%riangles
Page !3
Classifying %riangles
Scalene Isosceles Equilateral
No congruent sides No congruent angles
&t least 2 congruent sides 2 or 0 congruent angles
0 congruent sides 0 congruent angles
&ll e.uilateral triangles are isosceles;
Page !4
Classifying %riangles
Acute Right Obtuse Equiangul ar
0 acute angles 0 angles9 eac" less t"an 51
1 rig"t angle 1 angle e.uals 51
1 obtuse angle
0 congruent angles
1 angle 0 angles9 greater eac" t"an 51 measures 41
Page !
%riangle Sum %"eorem

$
# C
measures of t"e interior angles of a triangle C 1D1 m& G mB G mC C 1D1
Page !!
'#terior &ngle %"eorem

$ # C
'#terior angle9 m19 is e.ual to t"e sum of t"e measures of t"e t!o nonad@acent interior angles; m1 C mB G mC
Page !"
yt"agorean %"eorem
C a b
c "ypotenuse
If &BC is a rig"t triangle9 t"en a2 G b2 C c2; Conversely9 if a2 G b2 C c29 t"en &BC is a rig"t triangle;
Page !#
&ngle and Side Relations"ips

& is t"e largest angle9 t"erefore $C is t"e longest side;
$ # 7 17o -. 77o 3 54o
# 7 17o -. 77o 3 54o
B is t"e smallest angle9 t"erefore #C is t"e s"ortest side;
Page !$
%riangle Ine.uality %"eorem

%"e sum of t"e lengt"s of any t!o sides of a triangle is greater t"an t"e lengt" of t"e t"ird side;
$
'#ample&B G BC E &C
&C G BC E
&B &B G &C E BC
Page "0
Congruent %riangles
$ 8
" C !
%!o possible congruence statements&BC )'D BC& 'D)

Corresponding arts of Congruent )igures
& )
&B )'
Page "1
B ' C D
BC 'D C& D)
SSS %riangle Congruence ostulate

$ 8
" C !
'#ampleIf Side &B )'9 Side &C )D9 and

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page "2
Side BC 'D 9 t"en &BC )'D;
Page "3
S&S %riangle Congruence ostulate

$ 8
" !
'#ampleIf Side &B D'9 &ngle & D9 and Side &C D) 9 t"en &BC D');
Page "4
/L Rig"t %riangle Congruence

S : R
T 9
'#ampleIf /ypotenuse RS HJ9 and Leg S% JI 9 t"en RS% HJI;
Page "
&S& %riangle Congruence ostulate

$ 8
C !
"
'#ampleIf &ngle & D9 Side &C D) 9 and &ngle C ) t"en &BC D');
Page "!
&&S %riangle Congruence %"eorem

S T : = 9
'#ampleIf &ngle R H9 &ngle S J9 and Side S% JI t"en RS% HJI;
Page ""
Similar olygons
$ 4 # -. ! G . 8 " C H 3 &BCD /G)'
#ngles & corresponds to / B corresponds to G C corresponds to ) D corresponds to '
Sides corresponds to corresponds to corresponds to corresponds to
Corresponding angles are congruent;

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page "#
Corresponding sides are proportional;
Page "$
Similar olygons and roportions

$ 3 C G * H # 4 " .
Corresponding vertices are listed in t"e same order;
'#ample-
&BC /G)
AB HG
12 x
C C
BC G) 4 6
%"e perimeters of t"e polygons are also proportional;
Page #0
&& %riangle Similarity ostulate

S T : =
'#ampleIf &ngle R H and &ngle S J9 t"en RS% HJI;

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page #1
S&S %riangle Similarity %"eorem

$ 8 -4 6
C # -.
" ! 3
'#ample-
If & D and
AB DE
AC DF
t"en &BC D');

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page #2
SSS %riangle Similarity %"eorem

S -1 R 5 T 9 3;5 3 : .;5 = -.
'#ampleIf
RT XZ
RS XY
ST YZ
t"en RS% HJI;
Page #3
&ltitude of a %riangle
a segment from a verte# perpendicular to t"e opposite side
G G #
altitudes ort"ocenter
$ > B
IH
altitudeL"eig"t
'very triangle "as 0 altitudes; %"e 0 altitudes intersect at a point called t"e ort"ocenter;
Page #4
(edian of a %riangle
C
median
#
a
D is t"e midpoint of &BM t"erefore9 CD is a median of &BC; 'very triangle "as 0 medians;
Page #
Concurrency of (edians of a %riangle

#
centroid
! P 8
"
(edians of &BC intersect at and 2 2 2 & C 0 &)9 C C 0 C' 9 B C 0 BD;
Page #!
01234123512 %riangle %"eorem

x
41 2
x
01 2 01 2
x
41 2
Givens"ort leg C x Nsing e.uilateral triangle9 "ypotenuse C 2 B x &pplying t"e yt"agorean %"eorem9 longer leg C x B 0
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page #"
67236723512 %riangle %"eorem

67 2
67 2
Givenleg C x, t"en applying t"e yt"agorean %"eoremM "ypotenuse2 C x2 G x2

Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page ##
"ypotenuse C #
Page #$
Geometric (ean
of t!o positive numbers a and b is t"e positive number x t"at satisfies a x C b; x x2 C ab and x C ab;
In a rig"t triangle9 t"e lengt" of t"e altitude is t"e geometric mean of t"e lengt"s of t"e t!o segments;
# x $ 5
'#ampleC 9 so x2 C 04 and x C
6 C
04
C 4;
Page $0
%rigonometric Ratios
$
*"ypotenuse c ,
*side ad@acent &,
*side opposite &,
sin & C side opposite "ypotenuse & side ad@acent cos & C "ypotenuse &
Ca
Cb !
tan & Cside opposite &AC a b side ad@acent to &
Page $1
Inverse %rigonometric Ratios

$ c # a C b
!efinition If tan & C x9 t"en tan31 x C m&; If sin & C y9 t"en sin31 y C m&; If cos & C z9 t"en cos31 z C m&;
8*am,le a tan31 b C m& sin31 ! C m&

a
cos31 ! C m&
b
Page $2
&rea of %riangle
$ a C h b #
" a
sin C C " C aBsin C & C b" *area of a triangle formula, By substitution9 & C 1 2b*aBsin C, 1 & C 2abBsin C
1 2
Page $3
olygons and Circles
Page $4
olygon '#terior &ngle Sum %"eorem

%"e sum of t"e measures of t"e e#terior angles of a conve# polygon is 0412;
1 2 7 6 0
Page $
'#ample-
m1 G m2 G m0 G m6 G m7 C 041
olygon Interior &ngle Sum %"eorem

%"e sum of t"e measures of t"e interior angles of a conve# n3gon is *n : 2,B1D12;
S C m1 G m2 G ? G mn C *n :
2,B1D12 1
2 7
0 6
Page $!
'#ampleIf n C 79 t"en S C *7 : 2,B1D12 S C 0 B 1D12 C 7612
Page $"
Regular olygon
a conve# polygon t"at is bot" e.uiangular and e.uilateral
'.uilateral %riangle 'ac" angle measures 41o; S.uare 'ac" angle measures 51o; Regular entagon 'ac" angle measures 11Do; Regular /e#agon 'ac" angle measures 121o; Regular +ctagon 'ac" angle measures 107o;
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page $#
roperties of arallelograms
+pposite sides are parallel and congruent; +pposite angles are congruent; Consecutive angles are supplementary; %"e diagonals bisect eac" ot"er;
Page $$
Rectangle
& rectangle is a parallelogram !it" four rig"t angles; Diagonals are congruent; Diagonals bisect eac" ot"er;
Page 100
R"ombus
& r"ombus is a parallelogram !it" four congruent sides; Diagonals are perpendicular; 'ac" diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles;
Page 101
S.uare
& s.uare is a parallelogram and a rectangle !it" four congruent sides; Diagonals are perpendicular; 'very s.uare is a r"ombus;
Page 102
%rape8oid
& trape8oid is a .uadrilateral !it" e#actly one pair of parallel sides; Isosceles trape8oid : & trape8oid !"ere t"e t!o base angles are e.ual and t"erefore t"e sides opposite t"e base angles are also e.ual;
Page 103
Circle
all points in a plane e.uidistant from a given point called t"e center
oint + is t"e center; (N passes t"roug" t"e center + and t"erefore9 (N is a diameter; + 9 +(9 and +N are radii and + +( +N; RS and (N are c"ords;
Page 104
Circles
& polygon is an inscribed polygon if all of its vertices lie on a circle;
& circle is considered =inscribed> if it is tangent to eac" side of t"e polygon;
Page 10
Circle '.uation
y *x,y, r x y x
x2 G y2 C r2 circle !it" radius r and center at t"e origin standard e.uation of a circle *x : ",2 G *y : #,2 C r2 !it" center *",#, and radius r
Page 10!
Lines and Circles

C # !
Secant *&B, : a line t"at intersects a circle in t!o points; %angent *CD, : a line *or ray or segment, t"at intersects a circle in
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 10"
e#actly one point9 t"e point of tangency9 D;
Page 10#
Secant
y 1 x
If t!o lines intersect in t"e interior of a circle9 t"en t"e measure of t"e angle formed is one3"alf t"e sum of t"e measures of t"e intercepted arcs; m1 C *x2 G y2,
1 2
Page 10$
%angent
? S R
& line is tangent to a circle if and only if t"e line is perpendicular to a radius dra!n to t"e point of tangency; OS is tangent to circle R at point O; Radius RO OS
Page 110
%angent
C #
If t!o segments from t"e same e#terior point are tangent to a circle9 t"en t"ey are congruent; &B and &C are tangent to t"e circle at points B and C; %"erefore9 &B &C and &C C &B;
Page 111
Central &ngle
an angle !"ose verte# is t"e center of t"e circle
$ minor arc &B
! C # ma@or arc &DB
&CB is a central angle of circle C;

(inor arc @ corresponding central angle is less t"an 1D12 (a@or arc @ corresponding central angle is greater t"an 1D12
Page 112
(easuring &rcs
$ C
F12 1112
R # (inor arcs (a@or arcs
Semicircles
%"e measure of t"e entire circle is 041o; %"e measure of a minor arc is e.ual to its central angle; %"e measure of a ma@or arc is t"e difference bet!een 0412 and t"e measure of t"e related minor arc;
Page 113
&rc Lengt"
$
6 cm 1212
'#ample-
Page 114
Secants and %angents

%!o secants Secant3tangent xA - yA %!o tangents - yA xA
xA - yA
m1 C *x23 y2,
1 2
Page 11
Inscribed &ngle
angle !"ose verte# is a point on t"e circle and !"ose sides contain c"ords of t"e circle
B &
Page 11!
Page 11"
&rea of a Sector
region bounded by t!o radii and t"eir intercepted arc
'#ample-
cm
Virginia Department of Education 2013 Geometry Vocabulary Cards Page 11#
Inscribed &ngle %"eorem

! $ #
If t!o inscribed angles of a circle intercept t"e same arc9 t"en t"e angles are congruent; BDC B&C
Page 11$

B # B
mB&C C 512 if and only if BC is a diameter of t"e circle;
Page 120

92
T
52 57
>
D7 DD
(9 &9 %9 and / lie on circle P if and only if m& G m/ C 1D12 and m% G m( C 1D12;
85
Segments in a Circle
c b a d
If t!o c"ords intersect in a circle9 t"en aBb C cBd; '#ample12*4, C 5x F2 C 5x DCx

x -. 3 C
Page 122
Segments of Secants %"eorem

# D B C
&B B &C C &D B &' '#ample4 5 14 x
4*4 G x, C 5*5 G 14, 04 G 4x C 227 x C 01;7
Page 123
Segments of Secants and %angents %"eorem

# $ C 8
&'. C &B B &C

'#ample272 C 21*21 G x, 427 C 611 G 21x x C 11;27
21 27 x
Page 124
%"ree3 Dimensional )igures
Page 12
Cone
solid t"at "as a circular base9 an ape#9 and a lateral surface
a,e* lateral surface
Dcur+ed surface of coneE
slant height DlE height DhE
radiusDrE
base
Q C r2 "
1 0
L;&; *lateral surface area, C rl S;&; *surface area, C r2 G rl
Page 12!
Cylinder
solid figure !it" congruent circular bases t"at lie in parallel planes
base
height DhE
base
radius DrE
Q C r2" L;&; *lateral surface area, C 2r" S;&; *surface area, C 2r2 G 2r"
Page 12"
oly"edron
solid t"at is bounded by polygons9 called faces
Page 12#
Similar Solids %"eorem

If t!o similar solids "ave a scale factor of a)b9 t"en t"eir corresponding surface areas "ave a ratio of a.) b.9 and t"eir corresponding volumes "ave a ratio of a1) b1;
cylinder & cylinder B
Page 12$
'#ample scale factor ratio of surface areas a)b a.) b. 1). C)4
ratio of volumes a1) b1 .6)7
Page 130
Sp"ere
a t"r$$%&'m$ns'(na) s*r+a!$ (+ ,"'!" a)) p('nts ar$ $q*'&'stant +r(m a fi#ed point
radiu s
Q C r0
6 0
S;&; *surface area, C 6r2

yramid
poly"edron !it" a polygonal base and triangular faces meeting in a common verte#
+erte*
height DhE
slant height DlE
area of base DBE base ,erimeter of base D E

1 0 1 2
Q C B" L;&; *lateral surface area, C lp 1 S;&; *surface area, C 2lp G B
Page 132

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