Summary Alanya is a town on the South of Anatolia, which has a coast next to Mediterranean, which is connected to Antalya.

The history of the town dates back to ancient times. After a long historical journey and load, Alanya has come to these days. It shares some of these traces of the history with us and it keeps the others to itself. Works made has showed that bottom structure on the wide perimeter of the Shipyard structure which is important for Alanya today and which is still standing, has hid historical richness. On the Works, it has been revealed that the sand covered the top of ceramic parts. Maybe, Alanya is already ready to share his mystery with us.

zgn BAIBYK

ALLUVAL FLLNG N THE HARBOR OF ALANYA

Alanya is on 36o 33 North Latitude, and on 32o 01East Longitude. It is in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. On its west are Mula and Denizli, on its North are Burdur and Isparta, on its east are Konya and el Provinces. It is one of our important towns with a coast next to Mediterranean (Gnll 2008, 1). The length of Alanya Massive is 200 km on the northwest-southwest direction and its width is 40 km. This area can be called as Massive because it constitutes inner parts of Toros Mountains (Peyronnet 1965, 1). One of the places where the straight extent of coast line is spoiled, on the east of Antalya Gulf, is Dilvarda Kaleard Cape. There is Alanya Castle over it. It is 212 m tall and it is comprised of Perma-carbon crystal. Under limestone forming the cape rising with very step profile, allusions have covered schist emerging randomly towards the plain in the plain area. And Lime stones of Perma-carbon crystals belonging to Alanya Massive which are the extent of Toros Curve Mountains on the North of Alanya, in fact, arch 1.5-2 m from the coast. (Gnll 2008, 1). The first information about the history of Alanya emerged in the researches made in Kadn ini cave in 1957. We know that the history of the region dates back to top Paleolithic period (20.000 17.000 B.C.) from these researches (Gnll 2008, 3). In the Antic age the town appears with the names of Alaiye and Korakesion and it is in Pamphilia region (Bircan 2012, 2). Strabon calls the town as Korakesion and he connects the town to Klikia region. He mentioned it as the first town to be met when entering Klikia from the west. ( Geographika: XII-XIII-XIV). Because of The port of the town and because the location of the town which is easy to defend, it became ideal shelter of pirates and rebels, in fact, when Syrian King III. Antiochus captured coasts of Klikia, only Korakesion resisted him(Gnll

2008, 3). After then, during the struggle between Seleukos and Ptolemaios, an administrative gap was lived in the region. This condition caused Armenians to reach beyond Toros Mountains and the region became the shelter and warehouse of pirates and rebels again ( Bircan 2012, 2 ). In the periods ahead, negative effect of the region to Rome began to be seen. Initially, Romans who did not take piracy seriously, lived great problems with pirates after then. The wrath felt against the pirates became so big that military expeditions against pirates were organized. Between 95 and 94 BC Lucius Cornelius Sulla, in 84 BC Lucius Lucininus Murena, in 80 BC Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, between 74 and 78 BC Publius Servilius Vatia, in 75 BC Lucius Octavius, in 74 BC Marcus Antitius, and in the same year Gaius Caesar appointed commendars to the region to cope with pirates. In the end, the law called Lex Gabinia de piratis persequendis was enacted. And then Rome widened city walls and added new buildings. The city became one of the busiest ports in Byzantine period and its name was called as Kalonoros(Bircan 2012, 2). In the excavations made in Alanya Castle in 1985 ruins of a building called as Seljukian Palace were met. Ceramic art pieces related to Seljukian art were found, this study proves the traces of Seljukian period in Alanya. Alaeddin Keykubad who came to

power in Seljukian State in 1220 played an impo rtant part in the states growing. And Alanya got involved into Seljukian State (zkan 2012, 171) with him. Its name was changed as Alaiyye. Seljukian State showed important developments in sea trade, Alanya became an important port because of this (Kayao lu, 362). Anatolian Seljukian State, after Kseda War, entered under Mogol authority. Alanya was constantly rebelling against Mogols on the borders of Karamanolu and Seljukian support. In 1332, famous traveler bni Batuta came to Alanya by sea, and he wrote that this place was governed by Karamanolu Yusuf bey. In this period, Alanya Port became a haunt of Genoeses, Venetians and Florentines.

Alanya, during Fatih Sultan Mehmed period, was conquested by Gedik Ahmed Paa, who was appointed by the Padishah himself, in 1471 and become the Ottoman land. according to Evliya elebi, Alanya had the power of 250.000 mites, two galleys, and 800 soldiers (Gnll 2008, 13). As the shipyard, five-arch structure we see today was built in Seljukian period. And it has reached to this day. The shipyard is on the southwest of port exit, on the skirts of the castle. It is a safe port. The structures outer faade height is 47 meters its eyes are 40 meters towards the inner. It was made up of bricks. There are two roo ms on each side of the entrance gate. Two rooms are used as prayer rooms and the other two rooms are used as guard rooms. The epitaph over the entrance gate states that the shipyard got built by I. Alaaddin Keykubat in 1227. The structure was used during the Ottoman period, in addition, cannon bed was build at the topmost. Alanya, today, is an important town of tourism destinations within the borders of Turkey (Bircan 2012, 5). Today, Alanya has hosted underwater archeological researches and a number of pie ces have been discovered in dilvarda cape where the castle is because it is a natural port. But, In the researches made by Hakan niz between 2011and 2013 in front of the shipyard, any findings were not come across. It is not expected for a lot of piece to be found from this place because of its both location and having shipbuilding structure. according to the information received from local diving schools in the last stages of Alanya researches in 2013, when huge tourist ships came here, their propellers raise the bottom sand and ceramic pieces emerged. In the research divings made on this direction, a number of ceramic pieces were found. These ceramics dates back to Hellenistic, Roman, Seljukian and Ottoman Periods. It is understood that bottom structure, which is sand, covered possible pieces to be able to be discovered from all bay with the currents coming from the South. It will be possible to obtain information about the periods when the shipyard was used in the excavations to be made in this area. The main reason for covering the area is the sand structure. Soft sand structure in the region is always in the same structure both in the Alanya port and in the area extending towards the

Dim stream. This area extends towards east from the port as sand dunes for miles. In the divings made in the days when waves are high and when the weather is wild, visibility ranges decreases down to 30 cm. When we mention the structure of the sand, it is necessary to investigate whether the sand has come from another place or it is naturally existed locally. Alanya is a coast plain. Coast erosion, sediment accumulation, changes in underground waters, alluviums that the rivers bring are important in the formation of these lands. Rock structure of the region is autochthonous. This structure involves sand stone, limestone groups. The area where the shipyard is the current filling area. But Metadolomit, recrystalized limestone is located on the South of the rock-structured area. Researches show that sandy bottom structure in the area where the shipyard is has formed as a result of accumulations formed by the streams, the streams has poured the natural soft geological structure of the region into the sea and this structure has covered the bottom structure and hid the sea history of the region. The researches to be made in the region on this direction and with this consciousness will give important information about both the history of Alanya and history of the shipyard.

B B L OGR AP HY
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Peyronnet 1965

Bircan 2012

zkan 2012

Nipova 2010

Deerlendirmesi, Jeoloji Mhendislii Dergisi, 2010, VOL. 34, P.7184. V. E. Akkurt, Alanya lesi Kat Atk Depolama Alannn Jeoteknik ncelemesi, Adana, 2006.

Akkurt 2006