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Objectives
Develop a novel calorimetric method to measure the relative heats of combustion for hydrocarbon based fuels Determine whether boron nanoparticle suspensions can increase the overall heat liberated by these modified fuels
Why Boron ?
Boron has a uniquely large volumetric energy density Boron is cheap Boron is easily converted from micron sized particles to nanoparticles using ball milling. The milling process is can be scaled up to larger mills
1/2 B2O3(s)
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
EtOH
Mg
http://www.codata.org/resources/databases/key1.html
H2
Al
Li
Milling
In a N2 glovebox 2g of micron sized boron particles 160g of 1/8 TC balls 1ml of oleic acid ~35 ml of hexanes TC milling Jar Milled for a total of 12 hours
Boron
Loading
The loading of the boron suspensions is determined by hexane evaporation at ambient conditions
It is easily re-suspended in other hydrocarbons
63 mg/ml loading
2mg/ml loading
We want to know the turbulent flame output for application in jet engines
http://www.delavaninc.com/siphon.htm
Experimental setup
Experimental setup
Theoretical: HC(Ethanol) = 1366.8 KJ/mol HC(Hexanes)= 4163.2 KJ/mol Total fuel: 18.75 ml Experimental: Ethanol: 438.7 KJ Hexanes: 593.3 KJ 438.7/593.3= .739
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Mark II Calorimeter
Pilot Flame replaced by a 120V 10,000V transformer as an ignition source, which is now controlled by LabView The igniter and nozzle were inserted into a barrel, fits tightly into the inlet The fuel valve was replaced with LabView controlled valve A spillway was added for ease of water transfer and accuracy Temperature is now monitored in LabView with an Omega Dpi32-C24 A valve was added to the O2 line so that the calorimeter may be purged
temp deg C
28
T= 9.3oC
o T= 10.7 C
102709_hex_01 extrap_01
26
102709_hex_02 extrap_02
24
T= 10.8oC
o T= 10.8 C
22
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time (s)
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27
25 temp Deg C
y = -0.001x + 28.12
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T= 13.1oC T= 12.9 C
o
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Temp deg C
28
26
T= 10.6oC
102808_BOH_sup_plan_01 extrap_01
24
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Conclusions
Combustion flow-tube calorimetry is useful in making relative measurements of turbulent hydrocarbon combustion flames Boron suspended in hydrocarbons is still being investigated, with respect to increasing the heat of combustion of turbulent flames.