Hai giao tiep Abis vat ly - c s dung e ket noi BTS vi BSC va cac BTS khac.

- Cac giao tiep nay c giam sat bi cac chc nang truyen dan pha BTS va BSC. - Cac giao tiep nay x ly s van chuyen d lieu lu lng va bao hieu. - Bang thong 2 Mbps cua giao tiep Abis c s dung nh 32 time-slot, moi time-slot 64 Kbps (khung ITU G703/794). Ghep kenh (Multiplexing) - hng len/hng xuong, chc nang truyen dan xua BSC ghep kenh/ giai kenh d lieu vao giao tiep Abis. - BTS, d lieu c giai kenh/ghep kenh bi chc nang truyen dan cua BTS. Bao hieu (Signaling) Cac khung bao hieu c gi thong qua RSL gia BSC va cac chc nang baseband (mot RSL c oi hoi cho moi song nang (Cerrier) cua BTS), va thong qua OML gia BSC va cac chc nang O&M (ch mot OML c s dung bi BTS). Lu lng (Traffic) Cac time-slot khong c s dung cho thong tin bao hieu san sang cho viec van chuyen lu lng. Vi muc ch nay, moi time-slot 64 Kbit/s c chia thanh 4 nibble 16 Kbit/s, 2 bit tren moi nibble. - Mot TCH FR s dung mot nibble, nen 4 TCH FR co the chia se cung mot time-slot Abis. - Mot TCH HR s dung na nibble, nen 8 TCH HR co the chia se cung mot time-slot Abis. - Mot time-slot vo tuyen vi lu lng d lieu cao hn 16 Kbit/s co the can them vao en 4 nibble Abis e hnh thanh mot luong c ban 64 Kbit/s. 6.2.1 KIEN TRUC MANG ANTEN (AN - ANTENNA NETWORK) Chc nang chnh cua AN bao gom: Hng xuong: - Cach ly bo phat vi bo thu. - Ket hp hai bo phat e ket noi chung vao mot anten.

- Ghep cho bo phat va bo thu cung chia se cung mot anten. - Ket hp va tach cong suat e lay mau cong suat he so song ng VSWR theo chieu truyen va phan xa. Hng len: - Tien khuech ai nham khuech ai tn hieu thu c va ieu khien toan bo he so khuech ai cua mang anten. - Phan chia nhan phan phoi tn hieu nhan c vao mot cap bo thu.

2.1.1.1. Giao dien A-BIS: Chu trach nhiem truyen dan lu lng va thong tin bao hieu gia BSC va RBS. Giao thc truyen dan c s dung cho viec truyen thong tin bao hieu la LAPD (Link Access Protocol on the D-Channel). - 18 - Thiet b RBS 2202 va RBS 2206

Hnh II.2. 2: Giao tiep A-BIS gia RBS va BSC 2.1.1.2. Giao dien vo tuyen: - S dung ky thuat a tham nhap phan chia theo thi gian (TDMA) e truyen - nhan lu lng va thong tin bao hieu gia BTS va MS. Ky thuat TDMA c dung e chia moi tan so s dung thanh 8 khe thi gian, moi khe thi gian c an nh cho mot user. Ky thuat nay cho phep toi a 8 cuoc am thoai tren mot tan so. - Toc o bit: 270 kbit/s. - o rong kenh: 200 KHz. - Khoang cach gia chieu xuong va chieu len trong mot kenh la 45 MHz (GSM 900); 95 MHz (GSM 1800) va 80 MHz (GSM 1900).

Hnh II.2. 3: Giao tiep vo tuyen gia RBS va MS.

1. Giao dien A-BIS:

Chu trach nhiem truyen dan lu lng va thong tin bao hieu gia BSC va RBS. Giao thc truyen dan c s dung cho viec truyen thong tin bao hieu la LAPD (Link Access Protocol on the D-Channel).

Hnh 9: Giao tiep A-BIS gia RBS va BSC

2. Giao dien vo tuyen:

- S dung ky thuat a tham nhap phan chia theo thi gian (TDMA) e truyen - nhan lu lng va thong tin bao hieu gia BTS va MS. Ky thuat TDMA c dung e chia moi tan so s dung thanh 8 khe thi gian, moi khe thi gian c an nh cho mot user. Ky thuat nay cho phep toi a 8 cuoc am thoai tren mot tan so. - Toc o bit: 270 kbit/s. - o rong kenh: 200 KHz. - Khoang cach gia chieu xuong va chieu len trong mot kenh la 45 MHz (GSM 900); 95 MHz (GSM 1800) va 80 MHz (GSM 1900).

Hnh 10: Giao tiep vo tuyen gia RBS va MS.

1.1. GIAO TIEP VO TUYEN Um

1.1.1. CAC BANG TAN GSM/DCS Vi GSM-PLMN va DCS-PLMN, mot bang tan so cu the c dung cho truyen nhan vo tuyen trong moi trng hp. Bang tan so nay c chia thanh hai bang phu: UPLINK (UL): Dung cho hng truyen t MS len BTS. DOWNLINK (DL): Dung cho hng truyen t BTS xuong MS.
D OW N

LIN K

UP LIN K

MS BTS GSM 900

880 UPLINK 915 MH 925 z 960 DOWNLINK

DCS 1800
1710 UPLINK 1785 MH 1805 z 1880 DOWNLINK

Hnh 1-1: Cac bang tan dung trong GSM 900 va DCS 1800

1.1.2. KENH TAN SO Giao tiep vo tuyen cua GSM 900 va DCS 1800 c thiet ke da tren chnh xac cung cac nguyen ly. Ca hai bang tan phu ieu c chia thanh cac song mang Carrier = C hay cac kenh tan so vo tuyen RFC (Radio Frequency Carrier) vi bang tan 200KHz (Carrier au tien khong c s dung). Thu tuc truy cap Carrier trong mot bang tan so c goi a

truy cap phan chia theo tan so FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access).
880 MHz
880.2 MHz

UPLINK
35 MHz 45 MHz

915 MHz

925 MHz

DOWNLINK
925.2 MHz

960 MHz

Extended GSM 900 1710 MHz

45 MHz

1785 MHz 1805 MHz

1710.2 MHz 1805.2 MHz

1880 MHz

DCS 1800

75 MHz 95 MHz

75 MHz

C
GSM 900 DCS 1800 C0 C0

C
C1 C1

C
200 KHz C2 C2

C
C174 C374

C
C0 C0

C
C1 C1

C
200 KHz C2 C2

C
C174 C374

Hnh 1-2: Cac kenh tan so trong GSM 900 va DCS 1800

Phu thuoc vao mc o lu lng, moi cell co the s dung mot hay nhieu RFC. Do tai nguyen mang co han, mot RFC c s dung nhieu lan. Tuy nhien, nham tranh nhieu ong kenh, can phai am bao cac cell lan can nhau khong s dung cumg mot RFC. Do o, mot khoang cach an toan c oi hoi gia cac BTS s dung cung RFC, khoang cach an toan nay c goi la Reuse Distance.

Hnh 1-3: Hnh minh hoa bo tr cac RFC trong he thong GSM/DCS

Trong cac vung mat o dan c cao, cong suat phat c gii han mc thap, dan en ban knh cell nho. Do o, khoang

cach an toan ngan va mot RFC co the s dung c nhieu lan hn. 1.1.3. KENH VAT LY (PHYSICAL CHANNEL) Tng t nh trong he thong PCM30 (mot lien ket vi 32 kenh truyen 64Kbps), mot kenh tan so RFC bao gom 8 kenh. Do o, mot so thue bao co the truy cap cung luc vao mot RFC. Thu tuc truy cap nay c goi la a truy cap phan chia theo thi gian TDMA (Time Devision Multiple Access).

Hnh 1-4: Cau truc cac kenh vat ly trong GSM/DCS

Mot kenh vat ly c nh ngha bi mot cap tan so RFC va v tr khe thi gian trong khung TDMA. 1.1.4. KENH LUAN LY (LOGICAL CHANNEL) Mot kenh vat ly co the co chc nang nh mot kenh lu lng (cho thoai va d lieu) va nh mot kenh ieu khien (cho chuyen giao thong tin bao hieu va ieu khien) rieng re nhau. Mot thuat ng chung dung tach biet kenh d lieu va ieu khien c goi la kenh luan ly (Logical Channel). a. Kenh lu lng (TCH - Traffic Channels): S khac nhau gia cac kenh lu lng TCH phu thuoc vao: Loai thong tin ma no chuyen tai. Toc o kenh (cac toc o truyen san co). Cac toc o d lieu trong truyen d lieu.

THOA I Full rate 22.8 Kbit/s Half rate 11.4 Kbit/s Full rate

D LIE U Half rate 11.4 Kbit/s Ca c to c o : 4.8 Kbit/s 2.4 Kbit/s

22.8 Kbit/s Ca c to c o : 9.6 Kbit/s 4.8 Kbit/s 2.4 Kbit/s

Thong tin thoai c truyen qua giao tiep vo tuyen a c nen thanh luong d lieu 13Kbit/s (toc o gii han - full rate) hoac 6.5 Kbit/s (na toc o - half rate) bi mot thuat toan ma hoa nao o. Thoai va d lieu se c cong vi cac bit sa loi va header e co toc o 22.8Kbit/s cho full rate va 11.4Kbit/s cho half rate giao tiep vo tuyen. b. Kenh ieu khien (Control Channels): Cac kenh ieu khien co 4 loai va c nh ngha nh sau: BCH - Broadcast Channel: Kenh phat quang ba BCH la cac kenh ieu khien hng xuong nham mang thong tin at trng cua cell cho ong bo va sa loi, ... DCCH - Dedicated Control Channel: Kenh ieu khien danh rieng Cac kenh DCCH c phan phat cho en mot MS cho mot s chuyen giao cu the trong khi kenh lu lng cha c cung cap. ACCH - Associated Control Channel: Kenh ieu khien ket hp Cac kenh ACCH luon c ket hp vi mot kenh lu lng ang ton tai va dung e chuyen oi thong tin bao hieu cho viec ieu khien lien ket vat ly trong suot qua trnh cua mot ket noi. CCCH - Common Control Channel: Kenh ieu khien chung CCCH la cac kenh ieu khien c s dung bi tat ca cac MS va BS, v du gi yeu cau va cung cap cac kenh ieu khien dung rieng DCCH. Mot so v du ve ng dung cac kenh ieu khien: BCH:

Thong qua kenh quang ba, BTS lien tuc phat d lieu, nh so nhan dang cell. Thong qua cach nay, cac MS co the biet c v tr cell hien tai cua no.

DCCH, ACCH, CCCH: Khi mot di ong quay so, trc khi no gi so quay en BTS, MS yeu cau mot kenh mot kenh DCCH t BSC thong qua kenh ieu khien chung CCCH. BSC ch nh mot kenh DCCH cho MS thong qua kenh CCCH. Thong qua kenh DCCH, tat ca cac bao hieu cho thiet lap ket noi (thong tin chng thc, so quay, cung cap kenh lu lng) c chuyen oi. Moi kenh lu lng ieu c ho tr bi mot kenh ACCH mang thong tin ieu khien cho lien ket vat ly (nh ieu chnh cong suat, bao chat lng lien ket, )
CCCH Ye u ca u ke n h DCCH CCCH
BTS

Cung ca p ke n h DCCH DCCH Chuye n o i tho n g tin ie u khie n: Ch n g th c, so quay, cung ca p ke n h lu l n g TCH

MS

1.1.5. CAU TRUC KHUNG D LIEU TRONG KENH LUAN LY Cau truc cac bit trong mot kenh phu thuoc khi no c s dung nh la kenh ieu khien hay kenh lu lng. Kenh lu lng co cau truc cac bit nh sau:

TB 3 -

Coded Bits 58

Training Sequence 26

Coded Bits 58

TB 3

GP 8.25

TB = Tail Bits: C gi i ha n khe th i gian Coded Bits: Ch a tho ng tin lu l ng a c ma hoa (thoa i hay d lie u) trong 2*(57+1) bit Training Sequence: Ch a mo t ma u bit da i 26 bit du ng cho o ng bo . GP = Guard Period: 8.25 bit na y c s du ng e tra nh le ch pha do ddi chuye n cu a MS

Mot chuoi bit c nh ngha mot cac duy nhat c goi la burst. Cac kenh ieu khien co the cha burst ong bo (synchronization burst) cho viec ong bo kenh hoac burst hieu chnh tan so (frequency correction burst).
Burst o n g bo ke nh TB 3 Coded Bits 39 Training Sequence 64 Coded Bits 39 TB 3 GP 8.25

Burst hie u ch nh ta n so TB 3 Ca c bit co nh (fixed bits) 64 TB 3 GP 8.25

Neu mot time-slot c dung cho viec chuyen giao thong tin ieu khien, no cha ng nhieu loai kenh ieu khien khac nhau, va do o, nhieu loai burst khac nhau. Cac burst nay c phan phoi vao cac khung TDMA lien tiep nhau theo mot mau c nh ngha trc.
7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Khung TDMA Ke n h ie u khie n Loa i burst Time-slot mang tho n g tin ie u khie n Ke n h qua ng ba Burst chung Ke n h qua ng ba Burst chung Ke n h qua ng ba Burst chung Ke n h ie u khie n chung Burst chung

Ke n h ie u Ke n h o ng ch nh ta n so bo Burst ie u Burst o ng ch nh ta n so bo

Trong trng hp cac kenh ieu khien, mau nay c lap lai sau 51 khung TDM. Noi cach khac 51 khung TDM nay xay dng mot a khung (multiframe).
F r e e 51 F C C H 1 S C H 2 B C C H 3 B C C H 4 B C C H 5 B C C H 6 C C C H 7 C C C H 8 C C C H 9 D C C H 45 D C C H 46 D C C H 47 D C C H 48 D C C H 49 D C C H 50 F r e e 51 F C C H 1 2

51 khung TDMA = 1 a khung (cu a ke n h ie u khie n)

Hnh 1-5: Hnh minh hoa mot mau a khung

Tng t nh cac kenh ieu khien, cac kenh lu lng cung ket hp e hnh thanh mot a khung va mot a khung c cau truc t 21 khung TDMA.