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c - V =
c
c
(1)
Darcy's law:
( ) g P
k
v
f
f
f
f
V =
, (2)
where: P is the air pressure (Pa),
g
is
Darcy velocity vector of the air (m/s),
f
\
|
V - V =
c
c
g P
k
t
f
f
f f f
c (3)
In the airspace (air gaps layers, electrical outlet box), the continuity equation and
momentum equation (compressible Navier-Stokes equation) are respectively given as
[22]:
and ,
f f
f
v
t
- V =
c
c
(4)
( ) ( ) ,
3
2
) ( g I v v v P v v
t
v
f f f
T
f f f f f f
f
f
+
|
\
|
- V V + V - V + V = V - +
c
c
(5)
where, I is a 3x3 unit matrix
The energy equation in porous media is obtained from local volume averaging. An
averaging volume should be sized small enough in order to not filter global flow
structures but it should be large enough so as to guarantee containing both fluid and solid
phases everywhere in the structure at all times. Such volume is called a Representative
Elementary Volume, REV (see Figure 2). The volume-averaged energy equation for the
fluid phase inside an REV is given in terms of fluid temperature,
f
T
, and solid
temperature,
s
T
, as:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
k source/sin
q T T h T T v Cp T Cp
t
f s sf sf f f f f f f f f f
' ' ' + + V - V = - V +
c
c
o c c
, (6)
where:
f
Cp
is the air specific heat (J/(kg.K)),
f
and
eff
Cp
in Eq. (9) are the matrix density, effective
thermal conductivity and effective specific heat, respectively, for a porous material.
These parameters are measurable and obtained from material characterization. In the
case of airspace, however, the energy equation is also given by Eq. (9) where 1 = c . In
this case,
f eff
=
and
f f eff o
Cp Cp =
.
Since no moisture transport was considered in this work, the last term on the RHS of Eq.
(9) was neglected. The first term on the RHS of Eq. (9) accounts for heat transport by
conduction. Also, the second term on the LHS of this equation accounts for heat
transport by convection, where the velocity vector,
f
v