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The National Immunisation Program schedule provides free oral rotavirus vaccine to infants aged six weeks, four months and six months of age.
Rotavirus
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children in Australia. Children can be infected with rotavirus several times during their lives, and almost every child will suffer at least one infection by the age of three years. It is easily spread from one child to the next. Symptoms range from mild, watery diarrhoea to severe, dehydrating diarrhoea with vomiting, fever and shock. Rotavirus infections are often more severe than other causes of diarrhoea. They are more likely to be associated with dehydration and require treatment in hospital. Conrmation of rotavirus infection can only be made by laboratory testing of faecal specimens. Before rotavirus vaccine became available in Australia, almost every child was infected by rotavirus by the age of ve years. About 10,000 young children were in hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis each year and up to one young child a year died from complications. Rotavirus vaccination started in 2007 and now more than 7,000 hospital admissions for rotavirus are prevented each year. Those who do go into hospital are usually less severely affected.
Skedul Program Imunasi Nasional memberikan vaksin rotavirus mulut bebas beaya kepada anak balita umur enam minggu, empat bulan dan enam bulan.
Rotavirs
Rotavirus adalah sebab gastroenteritis (infeksi perut) parah paling umum pada anak balita dan anak-anak di Australia. Anak-anak dapat terkena infeksi rotavirus beberapa kali dalam hidupnya, dan hampir setiap anak akan kena infeksi paling sedikit sekali sebelum berumur tiga tahun. Infeksi mudah terjalar dari anak ke anak. Gejala berentang dari ringan, diare cair sampai diare dehidrasi parah disertai muntah-muntah, suhu badan tinggi dan lemah badan. Infeksi rotavirus sering lebih parah daripada sebab sebab diare yang lain. Infeksi Rotavirus lebih mungkin dihubungkan dengan dehidrasi dan memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit.Konfirmasi infeksi rotavirus hanya dapat dibuat dengan tes laboratorium dari contoh tinja. Sebelum vaksin rotavirus bisa didapatkan di Australia, hampir setiap anak kena infeksi rotavirus sebelum berumur lima tahun. Kira-kira 10.000 anak kecil dimasukkan ke rumah sakit dengan rotavirus gastroenteritis setiap tahunnya dan sampai satu anak kecil meninggal setiap tahunnya karena komplikasi. Vaksinasi rotavirus dimulai dalam tahun 2007 dan sekarang lebih dari 7000 perawatan rumah sakit untuk rotavirus bisa dicegah setiap tahunnya. Mereka yang masuk ke rumah sakit biasanya tidak begitu parah.
It is too late to start RotaTeq after 12 weeks of age. The last dose should be given by 32 weeks of age.
Is there a link between rotavirus vaccine and intussusception?
Recent studies in Australia and overseas suggest that there is a small increase in the risk of intussusception among babies in the rst one to seven days after receiving the rst dose of rotavirus vaccine. Studies are continuing to check this and to determine whether the increased risk extends past the rst week or occurs after other doses.
Terlambat untuk memulai RotaTeq sesudah anak berumur 12 minggu. Dosis terakhir seharusnya diberikan sebelum anak berumur 32 minggu.
Apakah ada hubungannya antara vaksin rotavirus dan intussusception?
Penyelidikan akhir-akhir ini di Australia dan luar negeri menunjukkan bahwa ada suatu tambahan risiko kecil intussusception antara bayi-bayi dalam hari pertama sampai ke tujuh hari sesudah mendapat dosis pertama vaksin rotavirus. Penyelidikan berjalan terus untuk mengecek ini dan untuk menentukan apakah tambahan risiko ini melampaui minggu pertama atau terjadi sesudah dosis lainnya.
What is intussusception?
Intussusception is when one portion of the bowel slides into the next, much like the pieces of a telescope. When this occurs, it creates a blockage in the bowel. The blockage causes pain like severe colic. There are bouts of crying, a pale looking baby who pulls his or her legs up, progressing to persistent crying, vomiting and sometimes blood in the bowel motion. In most cases in babies the cause is unknown and there is no link to rotavirus vaccine.
Rotavirus
Common side-effects
fever diarrhoea (in the week after rotavirus vaccination) vomiting (in the week after rotavirus vaccination).
Rare side-effects
anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) intussusception.
Precaution
Up to 13 per cent of babies will shed the rotavirus in their faeces in the rst week after the rst dose. People who have low immunity should avoid changing a soiled nappy during this time if possible. Good hand washing after changing a soiled nappy is always recommended.
Tindakan pencegahan
Sampai 13 persen (per seratus) bayi akan mengeluarkan rotavirus tadi dalam kotorannya dalam minggu pertama sesudah dosis pertama. Orang yang memiliki imunitas rendah seharusnya kalau mungkin menghindari mengganti popok kotor selama waktu ini. Dianjurkan selalu mencuci tangan benar-benar sesudah mengganti popok kotor .
Pre-immunisation checklist
Before your infant is immunised, tell the doctor or nurse if any of the following apply:
c Bayi pernah menderita intussusception c Sedang sakit pada hari imunasi (suhu badan lebih dari
38.5C)
c Has had a severe reaction to any vaccine c Is allergic to anything c Is taking steroids of any sort other than
inhaled asthma sprays or steroid creams (for example cortisone or prednisone) or blood products, including immunoglobulins low immunity (for example, leukaemia, cancer, HIV/AIDS, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) having treatment which causes low immunity (for example, leukaemia, cancer, HIV/AIDS, radiotherapy or chemotherapy)
c Pernah menderita reaksi parah terhadap sesuatu vaksin c Memiliki alergi terhadap sesuatu c Sedang minum suatu obat steroid kecuali semprotan
asma yang dihirup atau krim steroid (misalnya kortison atau prednison)
c Has received a recent blood transfusion c Has a disease or is having treatment which causes
Rotavirus
Further information
The following websites provide further information: www.health.vic.gov.au/immunisation www.immunise.health.gov.au Immunise Australia Program Telephone: 1800 671 811
Copyright Department of Health 2010. Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. March 2011. PH5023. (1009022)
Rotavirus