Heat of Fusion

Ben Conway: ben150jc@aol.com Rocky Goetz: rgoetz10@hotmail.com Jesse Bennett: jesse-bennett@hotmail.com Performed on 2-21-12 Due 2-28-12

Abstract This experiment dealt with the theory concerning the latent heat of fusion for water. The objective of this experiment was to determine the latent heat of fusion of water by mixing ice and warm water. The result of this experiment confirmed the theory by giving a latent heat of 80.4 cal/g with a small percent error of 0.86% from the accepted value of 80.0 cal/g.

Theory: Heat of fusion is defined by: The quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state. Such as ice changing to water, or water to steam, at constant temperature and pressure. Also called heat of transformation. In the mixture of ice and water it is assumed that heat is conserved. To determine the latent heat of fusion for water we examine the heat lost=heat gained equation:

,-.+,-.,,-2.0.=(,-.,-.+,-1.,-1.+,-2.,-2.)(,-1.,-2.)
Where M is the mass of ice, in grams; ,-. is the latent heat of fusion of ice in calories per gram, ,-2. is the equilibrium temperature in , ,-1. is the initial temperature of the water and colorimeter, ,-. is the mass of warm water and ,-. is its specific heat (1 cal/-gm), ,-1.,1.+,-2.,-2. is the water equivalent of the calorimeter and stirrer, ,-1. is the mass and ,-1. is the specific heat of the calorimeter, ,-2. is the mass and ,-2. is the specific heat of the stirrer. Equipment: 1. Calorimeter 2. Stirrer 3. Thermometer 4. Scale Procedure: 1) The water in the colorimeter temperature was measured. Then several ice cubes were added. Stirring the water take the temperature when it is 10 to 15 below room temperature. Then obtain the mass of the ice by measuring the weight again. The procedure was repeated two more times.

Data Table 1 Data Table Trial 1 Mass of calorimeter = m1 (g) 116.6 Mass of water and calorimeter 277.8 (g) Mass of water = mw (g) 120.8 Mass of resulting solution (g) 146.3 Mass of ice = M (g) 26.6 Mass of stirrer = m2 (g) 3.6 Initial temperature = t1 (*C) 22 final temperature = t2 (*C) 6.4 Latent heat of fusion = Lf 79.6 (cal/g) Table 1 is the data recorded during each trial. Trail 2 116.6 275.0 118.0 141.3 23.9 3.6 20.8 6.2 78.6 Trial 3 116.6 274.3 117.3 143.6 27.1 3.6 25.7 8.4 83.0

Analysis The formula given in the theory section is what was used to determine the latent heat of fusion for water in this experiment: ,-.+,-.,,-2.0.=(,-.,-.+,-1.,-1.+,-2.,-2.)(,-1.,-2.) When you solve for the latent heat the formula becomes: ,-.=,(-.,-.+,-1.,-1.+,-2.,-2.),,,-1.,-2..-.,,-.,,-2..-. Sample calculation: ,-.=,,96.0,1-.+115.6,0.2154-.+38.9,0.2154..,25.712.3.17.3,,1-..(12.3)-17.3. ,-.=87.8 cal/g

Results After repeating the experiment 3 times the average of the 3 results were found by adding them together and dividing by 3: , -.=80.4cal/g The actual accepted value of the latent heat of fusion for water is 79.72cal/g. So it is helpful to find the percent error of this experiment: =0.86% This is a relatively low percent error so this experiment confirms the theory of the latent heat of fusion of water.

Discussion The percent error for this experiment was very low, suggesting the execution was well and the experiment was well understood. One way to make the experiment even better would be to make the container 100% sealed and insulated so that there is no chance of heat escape to the surroundings. Questions: The estimates of precision for the temperature fall of the water would be around + or - 0.2%. And for mass of ice around + or 0.2%. So the estimate for ,-. would be about 0.4%. The percent discrepancy was calculated above to be 0.86% = 1.88 Lave = 80.41.88 cal/g a.) If the ice was taken directly from the freezer then it probably would seem to have a lower mass because of the air trapped inside it which would make the latent heat of fusion calculation too large compared to the actual value. b.) The ice was dried so that the liquid on the ice wouldnt be taken into effect in the calculation of the mass of ice which could produce error in the experiment because it would add more mass that wasnt making an impact and would make the latent heat of fusion calculation too small.

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