STOP MOTION

ABSTRACT
The question I have been researching about is that. what is stop motion animation? And the paper that I am working on is about stop motion. And I have also included some general problems of stop motion such as lots of people face problem and get a lot of errors while they are trying to export the video. And I have also aimed an objective that at the end of all the process we are going through in stop motion as we arrange the characters or objects step by step and create a video out of it we get a final output in a professional and good manner. And I have also stated that the parameters in which the study lies is within topics like terminology, history, present situation, and comparison.

The research methods that I used here is that I have gone through some books and some other sources and also created a design of that and gone through the procedure and knew about the sample instruments used in this. DESIGN

First I have known that there should be a base to create our animation with the all the setup and place and arrange the objects or characters in our film in order and step by step and we need perfect lighting and a camera to capture all the moves we do in one final output. PROCEDURE First I have created my story board and the feasibility and concept and assembled the materials I need and shoot all the necessary poses and I also kept in mind that those should be in low resolution INSTRUMENTS NEEDED digital camera tripod or copy stand objects for animation

DIGITAL CAMERA

TRIPOD OR COPY STAND

CLAY MODEL

Now I have gone through the findings of stop motion animation that in the early days stop motion was confused with time lapse where still photographs are taken of live surrounding and taken at a regular intervals and joined into a film but this confusion has been cleared and notified. And the summary of the result is that stop motion can be taken in any way with any object unless the object looks similar to the character you intended to show to people and all the frames have come out well and the software to join them have been installed in the proper manner so the result comes out good and make sure that there is no jerk from frame to frame in the animation. And I have also noted out some keywords for this they are listed as stop motion feature film studio images screen frame green sound effects remote framed

INTRODUCTION
I have learned from the subject that stop motion animation is also called as stop frame animation and it is a type of animation that is captured one frame at a time with physical objects that are removed between frames and when I played back the sequence of images rapidly it created the illusion of movement and if you people understand how 2d drawn animation early Disney works stop motion is similar except I used and anybody else uses physical objects instead of drawings. The basic process of animation involves taking a photograph of your object or characters moving them slightly or taking another photograph when you play back the images consecutively the objects or the characters appear to move on their own. We see stop motion animation in commercials all the time, music videos, television shows and feature films even if you dont realize it while it is common for the people to think of stop motion as just one specific style such as clay mation the reality is that stop motion techniques can be used to create a wide range of film styles. And in the process of stop motion animation here are some things I followed which you may want to I got the objects and products to use in this movie. I set up the figures or the characters within the set. I placed the camera in front of the camera. I set up a good source of lighting. And I took photos of the character in the set in the selected position. I began the moment sequence. And then I continued that.

MODELS ON SET

STOP MOTION SEQUENCE CHOICE OF TOPIC Ogilyv/NY looked to charge studios and Adam pierce to usher in a new age of package delivery for ups using a hybrid of live action and stop motion animation the campaign promotes ups new my choice service which provides customers with package information electronically turning their old paper notices into a character literally. The spot ups my choice opens with a breeze from the kitchen window scattering a stack of ups into notices and the counter tops into the air magically they transform landing as a mini origami t rex as the paper dinosaur explores his new world contemporary gadgets and devices rain

down on him paper is tricky in stop motion animation its delicate work but we did a great job bringing back the prehistoric hero back to life. And the main reason for this topic choice is that through this animation we can bring things that are lifeless or things or living ones that passed back to life and to motion. As we call it de extinction in the other way by this we can show the people and kids how this technique or style work we can convey a great information to all of them by doing this and this is the most cheapest animation creating process of all time as we dont even have to spend a lot of money and how this is just a cake work as we show interest in it. And a lot of movies in the past in the 30s have used this technology and saved a lot of money in expenditure and gained a lot too like the movie king kong.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE INVESTIGATION UNDERTAKEN Skittles claim their colors evenly distributed at 20%. In a random sample of ten bags of skittles 15%were found to be red and am confused that if it is enough evidence to reject the claim @=.05. Best evidence target stop motion The outsiders After looking at the evidence target chart this team had the overall result and I found it very good the way they incorporated all the images smoothly and the whole movie flowed smoothly and the writing and the video was very clear and they used appropriate music and camera angels to visually present their target chart and it was very creative.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The level of research is that I have gone through Michael Henderson on prezi and laura devine that originally stop motion involves animating objects which included the animated movements of any non drawn objects such as toy blocks or a rigid in animate object you care to mention animators then experimented the clay animation and puppet animation. As the level of research increases I learned on work on design character setting and narrative whilst also developing a range of production techniques point of view lighting and movement such as walking a lip synching are key issues in the unit stop motion animation involves developing creative ideas for character setting and storyline which will engage the chosen audience. And also I have found stop motion animation has taken an animator called ian padghams vine to the next level. He makes most of the vines six seconds with some impressive stop motion treats. He has taken vines full advantage of the usability to create striking stop motion animation and they werent just any old offerings. Manipulating a small wooden artist model to create surprisingly humanistic motions he also shot 360 degree panoramas intrigued by his techniques. I have also come to a conclusion in this that Practical skills technical aspects and studio practice combine to give you a solid grounding in animation. An opportunity to work directly with industry on practical.

 A large scale project allows you to understand running and working with an animation studio. The things that I have gained from this is getting to know a lot of people who are animators and the way they grew up in their field and the way of animating through stop motion like Eadweard james Muybridge 9 April 1830 to 8 may 1904 was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion and in motion picture projection. He adopted his name believing it to be the original anglo saxon form of his name. The things already known in stop motion are that on the earliest clay animation films was modeling extraordinary which dazzled audiences in 1912 December 1916 brought the first of willie Hopkins 54 episodes of miracle I mud also in December 1916 the first woman animator Helena smith Dayton began experimenting with clay stop motion. Stop motion has very rarely been shot in stereoscopic 3d throughout film history and reason for using stop motion instead of the more advanced CGI include the low entry price and the appeal of its distinct look. And the things that are to be investigated are why cant we use this for every animated movie and since the animation of stop motion is old fashioned why cant we bring it back in a new and advanced way as an introduction to the movies. Stop motion also known as stop frame is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own the object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence.

In 1985 will vinton and his team released an ambitious feature film in stop motion called mark twain based on the life and works of the famous American author while the film may have been a little sophisticated for the young audience at the time it got rave reviews in general from adults and critics vintons team also created the nomes and the nome king of Disney return of oz feature for which they received an academy award nomination for special visual effects in the 80s and 90s he was very well known for his commercial work as well as the stop motion campaigns.

WILL VINTON

And I have also known about some people who has established their knowledge in this stream Allison schulnik unapologetic gobs of paint and clay twist stretch ooze and dance her fantastic character of life her dynamic use of color and texture dress her moody casts of misfits in a style that is rapidly thrusting the los angeles based artist film maker to the fore front of her field a prolific master of many mediums including painting drawing sculpture and animation Allison we suspect has countless more tricks to the world. Cinematographer toby howell has established himself as an in demand point man for high pressure artistically and technically challenging mixed media shoots he has successfully traversed the scenes of animation and live action participating in ground breaking standard setting work his bold approach raises the bar for high profile commercial and independent projects. Understand what story lines are and how they work and incorporate into everydays life. Theme and general description. Storylines are explored through the research of film making Research stop motion Explore story boards Create a stop motion video inspired by a group of story line Review the goal of the unit and determine if studio processers products discussions and behavior resulted in accomplishment.

CONCEPT OF STOP MOTION Timing Motion arcs Overlapping action PRINCIPLES OF STOP MOTION Fairy tale and mythic elements Kong of protagonist The importance of the anti hero The concept Nostalgia The music Sound effects Special effects

VARIABLES IN STOP MOTION The study delved into new media in sculptures to produce a virtual sculpture rather than actual or physical sculpture. A story was generated from Ghanaian folklore to produce models or puppets built sets and props compose and produce musical scores and to make a stop motion animation accordingly to complete the study. The study revealed that once the stop motion movie involved a story line fantasy relationship mores locomotion mimesis and comedy were inevitable variables to consider though they may appear to be in definite. Goals Concepts Cultural exemplar Scope and sequence of experiences

 Evaluation procedure THE RESEARCH DESIGN THAT I HAVE ADOPTED FOR STOP MOTION

TOOLS FOR RESEARCH Analyze data Analyze texts Author and interactive work Blog Brainstorm Collaborate Collect data Focus Mine data Edit images

TECHNIQUES FOR THE RESEARCH How do I create a statement? How do I find information for the topic? How do I search a database?

INSTRUMENTS FOR RESEARCH Case studies Interviewing Surveys Ethnography Survey sampling Content analysis Experimental research

PROBLEM IN STOP MOTION They can take pictures but have to start and close guy view first to export the video they get the error the registered encoder is not valid. They use something smaller but is it that it fails to make a video or they have a set of images that making into a movie is failing. A lot of stop motion films suffer from flicker issue. Camera shake When we are animating a film with toy characters you want the camera to be still as possible or move gracefully like a camera does in feature films. I have researched that a lot of animators post movies they make with still camera they take a lot of picture with the camera then use a program like windows movie maker and export the video and add sound later but I have gone through this it is a bad idea. Most of the films can be improves if the camera was closer to the action and it doesnt matter how great your camera is if it seems like the action is happening two city blocks away.

Some cameras have fixed focus and cannot focus on objects closer than 8-12 inches these cameras cannot be used for stop motion. DIFFICULTIES IN STOP MOTION When ever they are making a stop motion music video they are doing in the film in 15 fps this is an option in after effects but in final cut pro Sometimes it could be very useful to merge the stills into a video clip And I have the confusion that is it doable without exporting and importing? And out of all these things I have observed that lot of people face problem from flicker issues. And I have known that some people face problem with the camera as they connect their camera to the laptop with the USB and the problem is that the computer only recognizes the camera when it ios set in play back mode. And they say that the computer only shows the images from the computer webcam when the camera is set in camera mode. HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS THE PEOPLE ARE FACING IN STOP MOTION If the people are facing a flicker problem like I have said above check that if the cameras auto exposure is turned on that is the number one flicker culprit. Auto exposure automatically brightens the camera image if the environment becomes dark which is every time your hand moves in front of the camera when the camera tries to compensate by making the image brighter you see flicker in the frames when they are played back.

And for the last problem in the difficulties that I have found out is that first shoot the video in camera then bring it into your editing software then later use the software to speed up the video. SIMPLE IDEAS FOR STOP MOTION THAT I HAVE FOUND During stop motion animation while modeling the characters with clay the clay often seems to get hard for this we can just add some mineral oil and soften it up. Or for the above problem we can also add petroleum jelly too. Normally to figure the minute parts of the clay people face a lot of problem like while carving out a base of the finger we can just make the clay in to little sausages and then use the tip of a ball point pen to make an indent. Then at last position the intent of the finger over the base of the hand that increases the contacting between the finger and the hand greatly increasing the life of the hand while animating. The easy skeleton for the clay characters are using an armature and before doing this take the other puppets as a scale reference and and the body can be constructed.

During the research I have known that stop motion is now most often used as a medium in its own right and thats what we have to focus I have known that the many of the techniques we now use in purely animated films and were used developed over the years in which the technique was used as a special effect in within live action films. These are some filmmakers who were allowed fantasy or action elements into their workIn the 1933 film of king kong willis o briens most famous creation was a mere 45cm tall but was pretending to be the size of a house stop motion was used to create the illusion of this enormous beast as ofcourse primates simply do not exist at that scale nor could gorillas have trained to act. A man in a fur suit was even mentioned but thankfully that idea was rejected too. Stop motion allowed kong to be performed with great physicality in 1933 stop motion was the best possible solution to the problem of bringing a fantasy creature to life on big screen. However in peter jacksons re imagining of a story a motion capture performance Was entirely appropriate. Modern audiences would not accept the distinct movement of stop motion in such a live action film.

The above much loved and inspirational publicity poster is somewhat generous about kongs size. In 1933 stop motion was the most practical way of bringing this fantasy creature to life. It allowed kong to perform and thereby allowed the audience to truly engage with him as a character alongside the human actors in the film. THE STUNT WORK IN STOP MOTION Stop motion has also pretended to be live action in stunts that were too dangerous to the actors to perform themselves or when the logistics were just too complicated and expensive to do it for real. For example a short almost invisible shot in the adventures of baron munchausen has a puppet of john Neville as the baron sat astride a huge cannonball flying through the air much as there had been puppets of fay wray in the 1933 king kong. Similarly the animated runaway mine cart sequences in Indiana jones and the temple of doom obviously saved on the building of a huge set. In the same film the lowering of an animated kate capshaw into a fiery pit saved the actress certain discomfort however because of stop motions quirkiness and the sophistication of cg such sequences now look slightly awkward within the rest of the film. Many early films used stop motion for characters such as a stop motion buster Keaton on a dinosaur in three ages but it was also used in combination with model sets of fantasy landscapes or sets that could not be built full scale in a studio across these sets often further enhanced by beautifully painted matte paintings of castles or dramatic scenery stuttered live action model trains or stop motion vehicles crashing usually with a very static human character inside.

I came to know that in old horror films you will find stop motion killer tree vines or skeletons it dos pop up in surprising places. Much of hitchcocks early films are of miniature work whenever an effect could be done any other way due to scale or budget stop motion was often spliced into live action films to a modern audience these scenes look simply awkward with the scale betrayed all too easily through a different feel to the focus or the lighting or the movement. Elements such as fire water or smoke notoriously look unconvincing when used with miniature models the water droplets are simply too big and do not behave the same way as large expanses of water this is where CG imagery has superseded stop motion it can make these scenes utterly convincing.

This a still from the movie the dam busters showing the miniature model work combined with live action in many early films stop motion elements such as crashing vehicles and planes or collapsing buildings were the only way to suggest these special effects.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

DETAILS WITH RESPECT TO THE PROCEDURE During the research of this one I came through that the study of this topic was carried out by lots of people like Eadweard Muybridge he immigrates to the united states as a young man but remained obscure until 1868 when his large photographs of Yosemite valley. And California made him world famous Muybridge is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878 which used multiple cameras to capture motion in stop motion photographs and his zoopraxiscope a device for projecting motion pictures that predated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography. In his early years in sanfrancisco Muybridge has become known for his landscape photography particularly the Yosemite valley. By 1860 muybridge was a success book seller he left his book care of his brother and prepared to sail to England to buy more books and however muybridge missed the boat and instead left to sanfrancisco in july 1860 to travel by stage coach over the southern route to saint Louis by rail to newyork city and by ship back to England. And in late nineteenth century paris georges was using invisible wires trap doors sheets of glass smoke and complex automata to become a master of spectacular theatrical illusion and magic. Part of his act involved playing a film on stage and I have known that he made these movies himself as he was filming some material in the street his camera jammed for a few seconds the simple accident changed everything for him and for us as on the developed film the jump cut has transformed an omnibus to a hearse.

THE METHOD AND MATERIAL OF PREPARING THE EYES OF THE CHARACTER

With puppets you can take away the nose in the design and they still work remove the mouth as well and there is still life but remove the eyes there is nothing. A single look from expressive eyes can make words redundant therefore if you design a puppet with fixed eyes or no more than black dots then you are limiting that characters potential performance. Two black pinpricks can be just enough to give a puppet some life giving the face a focus and an outlet of expressions but it is said that the more detailed the eyes the better. They say that the eyes are the windows to the soul is very hackneyed but it is true if black dots are right for the design then we will need to give that character particularly expressive body language.

This works well for the character such as bob the builder who is extremely physical. His spirited body language compensates for a satisfyingly simple face. The type of eyes we use can have an enormous impact on the way in which a character will perform and move it should therefore be one of the decisions you make about a puppet. Fixed generic eyes are honest and straight forward and allow little subterfuge which may be appropriate for the story if you want subtlety black dots are unlikely to work if you give the puppet realistic representations of human eyes with enough whites to allow movement of the pupils then you give the character huge range of expressions alternatively a face held rigid but with the eyes slowly moving to one side immediately give some subtext and depth. Any movement in the eyes suggests a thought process and with moving eyes you can start to play with focus and just as importantly lack of focus add slowly blinking lids and the amount of expression is magnified enormously add eyebrows and we will be having a wide range of expressions. If you go to the trouble and expense of creating such a detailed puppet we have to make sure that to use it to full potential. Some schedules and budgets may not allow for complex eyes as struggling to keep eyes in focus and stopping puppets. There is however a magical moment as you place a puppet on the set and focus the eyes suddenly the eyes in focus looking with deliberation.

I have known that there are numerous ways to built eyes some puppets work with simple replacements where the eye is literally poked out with a pin and replaced with a half shut or closed eye. Other puppets have glass or bead eyes set back in sockets and held in place by magnets either with a range of eyelids added or luxuriously mechanical lids that can close quickly or slowly. You can even replace eyes to allow for bigger or smaller irises which has an enormous effect on how the character is perceived in terms of freindliness or hostility. Some puppets have simple stick on eyes or even a magnetic rubber pupil or some the eyes are drawn on the range is endless. A trick much favoured by stop motion animators is to wet the eyes with glycerine this brings them to life amazingly giving unexpected highlights.

Eyes are fidly time consuming part of the animation process but worth getting right. Alternatively and depending on the character you could hide the eyes behind sunglasses or a mask which while speeding up the animation also brings a distinct feeling of coldness. This can actually be effective for the characters with a darker nature as nothing is given away and this can make the viewer feel vulnerable and exposed. A prime example of this is the unsettling effect achieved by replacing eyes with buttons with many of the characters. The above picture that I have given is from the movie madame tutli putli a staggering matted to onto a stop motion puppet and is very uncanny disturbing and very beautiful. It would have been too disturbing though if the face had been more realistic. But it is still a puppet with roughly sculpted face and hands and a glorious fixed smudge of mouth the most human eyes perfectly express the sense of dread and fear of her situation and here there is no need for words but I can say that this technique would be time consuming.

THE METHOD AND MATERIAL OF PREPARING THE HANDS OF THE CHARACTER

As per my research over puppets hands are the major form of expression and need special consideration when developing a puppet. Traditionally whether for reasons of economics or ease of drawing cartoon characters often find themselves with three fingers and a thumb this little cheat is fine for 2d animation but stop motion puppets fingers do have a practical purpose as well as an aesthetic one and it is therefore desirable to have five digits if possible. This is because it is not much easier to hold props with four fingers and the all important thumb but the range of expression is considerably wider than with three fingers and a thumb.

HERE I HAVE GIVEN SOME HANDY HINTS FOR THE PUPPET The complex mechanics for expressive hands are expensive so do consider how just how important and significant the hands are for your characters and the film. It is well worth going through your script to decide just what will be required of your characters hands and design them accordingly.

Wire fingers can work for very simple puppets but they have a limited life and can seldom be straightened once bent. Silicon has excellent durability but allows nothing to stick to it. Animators therefore often have a resort to pins invisible thread and even superglue and all of these slow filming down silicon can also develop tears when fingers are left in extreme positions for a long period.

Clay- but its nature can produce good chunky comedy hands but this makes it difficult to sustain long elegant fingers. They simply fall off pieces.

During the filming process hands will suffer wear and tear and fingers will break. This means that you will need several pairs. Due to their small size hands will always be fiddly to animate and animators dread the sound of a falling prop as it slips through a puppets fingers. Placing small magnets and embedded in the palms can help. Stop motion characters are often based on animals with paws that limit expression and grip. If you have animal characters think carefully about what their paws will need to do. Some characters with stylized hands still manage to be expressive through rhythm and pacing rather than actual articulation. The rick and steve films are a great examples of this as the characters are based on simple children toys with fixed curved hands which have become an essential feature of the animation. As with so many aspects of stop motion animation its about the balance between the aesthetic and the practical.

All this will test how much you will enjoy working with small things but then a gesture beautifully expressed through an eloquent hand movement is hugely satisfying. I have known that the movie in the fall of gravity there we see three puppets with beautifully expressive hands. As with people puppets always convey meaning through body language especially their hands they can express enormous inner feeling when they are used thoughtfully but insensitive fussy treatment can distract from the performance. A practical size is usually dictated by simple ergonomics ask yourself whether you can hold the puppet comfortably and steadily in one hand and control it easily with the other. Most puppets end up somewhere around 22 to 30cm this scale should allow sufficiently detailed close ups as well as controllable armatures. Some animators just cant manage to manipulate a small mouth without knocking the puppet due to their own chunky fingers. Do think very carefully about the size implications of your puppets and how that will affect the sets and studio space. ACTIVITIES INVOLVED Introduction to media literacy During this research I went through a lot of questions likeHow will we help other people to know that what they hear and see in the media isnt real? What stereotypes, prejudices, and beliefs about other people and places do they acquire from the media?

INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION As I went through this topic computer software is widely available to create this type of animation however traditional stop motion animation is usually less expensive and very time consuming to produce. Puppet animation involves stop motion puppet figures interacted in a constructed environment in contrast to real world interaction in model animation. As I have stated in the above pages the puppets have a armature inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as to constrain their motion to particular joints. Clay animation or plasticine animation uses figures made of clay to create stop motion animation. Cut out animation is a type of animation made by moving two dimensional pieces of material such as paper or cloth. I have known that Silhouette animation is variant of cut out animation in which the characters are backlit and only visible as silhouettes. Model animation refers to stop motion animation created to interact with an exist as a part of the live action world. And again go motion is a variant of model animation that uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film which is not present in traditional stop motion film now. Object animation refers to the use of regular inanimate objects in stop motion animation. Graphic animation uses non drawn visual graphic material which are sometimes manipulated frame by frame to create movement.

OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION STORY BOARDING AND STORY TELLING As per to my knowledge once a concept or script is written for a film or animation the next step is to make a story board a story board visually tells the story of an animation panel by panel its kind of like a comic book. I have learnt that if a story board is made it should convey some of the following informationThe number of characters in the frame and the way they move. The matter the characters are saying to each other. The time span between the last frame and the current one. The position of the camera in the scene whether it is close or far. And check if the camera is moving. The reason I have gone through for why to make a story board is creating a story board will help you plan your animation out shot by shot you can make changes to your story board before you start animating instead of changing your mind later. I was also able to talk about my animation and show my story board to others and get feedback about it.

The way I made my story board was most commonly story boards are drawn with pen or pencil if you dont like to draw you can also take pictures cut out pictures from magazines or use a computer to make a story board. I have made my story board by taking photos. CREATING CHARACTERS FOR ANIMATION CREATING A SET

These are some ways I have known that how to create stop motion animation I got all the objects and figures to use in my movie some good choices included were clay wire or similar building block figures. I also used a white board animating figures and editing the drawing with slightly each frame. Move the figure bit by bit and capture each frame.

These are some tips for the movie making software I used. I imported the pictures into the desired program. I made sure the pictures are at very small duration so they flow fast. If you are disappointed with the speed at which your program can animate try exporting the project as a video file. Then I imported it again using a speed effect on it such as double speed. And remember these effects only work on video clips. Then I noticed that the resulting speed is sufficient and then I added the audio. Add titles and credits if you would like and also effects and transitions if desired. I kept going to create more actions and a story and made sure I was satisfied by the end result. I saved the video. And when you are doing this if you have multiple stop motion segments save each segment as a separate movie once the entire groups of segments is completed you can import the segments into the final movie this will look much better and much easier to be finalized. Now when I added the audio I positioned the playhead where you want to add dialogue click on the audio button to show the microphone levels. The way I added my sound effects click on the drop down menu then choose the sound you want and drag it into the audio track into the location you want it

Frame rate- Choose a frame rate of the movie the higher the frame rate the more the images are shown per second. AND ANIMATION PRODUCTION STUDY DURATION Do not have a clue about the study duration of artists like Eadweard in stop motion but for other researchers it probably took around four to five years to complete it. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION LINKED WITH THE STUDY I have known that the main aspect of animation that raises the ethical dilemma is that of using the medium of portray inspirational or educational visions that other media might struggle to communicate animation has the power to inject life and meaning into futuristic or fantasy setting where cameras cannot go with it and there comes the ability to help audiences see a different way of thinking it also has the capacity to take the most difficult or disturbing subjects that handle them the ways that make them watchable is it the responsibility of animators to always approach the medium with a sense of gravity about what it might achieve in the minds of the viewers. And during this I went through a doubt that are less serious intentions shallow and therefore less important or is there a legitimate role for pure entertainment or escapism? Working with ethics provide a platform for consideration and a flexible method for incorporating ethical concerns in the work of educators students and professionals. THIS CONSISTS OF FOUR PARTS The introduction

 The framework The case study A selection of further reading The subjects of ethics is new yet its consideration within the applied visual arts is perhaps not a prevalent as it might be. THE CAUSES OF ETHICS SRE Material cause Formal cause Efficient or moving cause Final cause

RESEARCH DESIGN STOP MOTION

Literature search and understanding of the topic.

Introduction and abstract.

Identification and research questions.

Arms and objectives.

Hypothesis to be tested.

Time frame research.

Risks.

Conclusion.

CONCLUSION
Every single time stop motion is mentioned the first need is patience or else your work would be incomplete and dirty. Sometimes a lot of work can only give an output like a video which is two or three seconds longer you must be able to accept that. If you can appreciate the few seconds of film produced in a day is an achievement then welcome to stop motion you will find huge satisfaction in the sheer painstaking fiddliness of the craft from getting your hands dirty. Stop motion really can be addictive as you have made something seemingly move by itself in effect created some life people who have never tried can sometimes find this need to give things life. This compulsion to tell stories hard to comprehend and perhaps that is what gives it a special appeal maybe we do feel a bit of an exclusive smugness and pride after a rather exiting piece of animation. When what is obviously a piece of cloth or metal has credibly acted out some scenario or emotion and made some one laugh or cry and realize the thing that we have done that with just our hands. I have spent many hours over the years trying to work on a relationship between a back and forth head movement and the steps and the conclusion is There isnt one but for animation purposes throwing the head forward immediately after the step seems to work. For stop motion work you need stamina focus and concentration but I think probably the aptitude that is most crucial to have if you are going to do any kind of animation is not how good are you at sculpting or how

athletic you are or how good you are at engineering it is how good you are at seeing you have to train your eye to perceive tiny little shifts and flicks in using reference films look at when a moment starts does it start with the flick of an eye you look for the tiniest things.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The sources that gave me all that information about stop motion animation Internet Mitchell sahlfeld. Taught me that stop motion is nothing to think about it is to be done. Books The art of stop motion animation Author ken A.preibe. Stop motion Basics animation- Barry purves. John wright Taught me how to fabricate armatures. His famous works ball and socket.