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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
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_____
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1
2
3
4
5
6
aracteristic
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
han CC conf
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
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AL SCIENC
NO.4
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2
3
4
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6
7
8
9
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AL SCIENC
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
NO.5
cation of Op
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
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No.
1 IC
2 Res
3 Sig
4 CRO
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6 Du
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study the va
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
NO.6
cation of Op
Specification
741
2k
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0to30V
12V,+12V

and R2. The

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AL SCIENC
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4 Sig
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6 Du
7 Bre
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DIAN INST
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ment: To s
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
NO.7
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Specification
741
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DIAN INST
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able(1):
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TITUTE O
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put
F TECHNO
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC

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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
O.8(A)
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ositive
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urrent
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[1]W
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tructcircuit
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Withoutfilter
tWaveform
utwaveform
Withfilterca
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ervations:
Withoutfilter
nputvoltage
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utputvoltag
efactor:(Vr
Withfilterca
nputvoltage
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urrent:IDC=_
utputvoltag
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clusion:
DIAN INST
SCH
m:
onthegene
erwithoutfi
obeobserv
rcapacitor:
atsecondar
m:
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atsecondar
m:
rcapacitor
(rms)Vrms=
geVDC=____
__________
ge(Ripplevo
r/VDC)=___
pacitor
(rms)Vrms=
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__________
ge(Ripplevo
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TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
eralpurpose
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ved:
ryoftransfo
ryoftransfo
=_________
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_____
oltage)Vr:__
___________
=_________
________
_____
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___________
F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
ePCB.Keept
orandONto
rmer:
rmer:
___
_________
__
___
_________
__
OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC

toggleswitc
oconnectfilt
UBANESW
CES

hOFFtoper
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witho
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in the
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Adva

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of Experim
out filtercap
capacitor
aratusReq
Sl.
No.
1 Tra
2 Dio
3 Res
4 Cap
5 Tog
6 Wi

ory: Full wa
usedinfullw
llwavebridg
e following f
positivecycle
eD1remain
able as a p
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antagesofFu
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DIAN INST
SCH
ment: To o
pacitor.Tom
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figure. Cent
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ullWaveRe
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F TECHNO
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MENTNO
veform at th
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12012
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1000

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HalfWaveR
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
O.8(B)
he output of
Ccurrent, rip
Specification
2VAC,500m
7
F
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Rectifier:
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ifier
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During
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ycleis
e that
put is

Disad

Circu
Listo
Const
fullw
Wav
[1]W
Input
Outp
[2]W
Input
Outp
Obse
[1]W
ACIn
DCou
DCcu
ACou
Rippl
[2]W
ACIn
DCou
DCcu
ACou
Rippl
Conc
IND

Bettertra
There is
halvesof
dvantages:
Requires
Requires
uitdiagram
ofCompon
tructcircuit
waverectifie
veformsto
Withoutfilter
tWaveform
utwaveform
Withfilterca
tWaveform
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ervations:
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nputvoltage
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urrent:IDC=_
utputvoltag
efactor:(Vr
Withfiltercap
nputvoltage
utputvoltag
urrent:IDC=_
utputvoltag
efactor:(Vr
clusion:
DIAN INST
SCH
ansformerut
no DC satur
secondaryf
centertapt
twodiodesc
m:
nents:
onthegene
rwithoutfilt
obeobserv
rcapacitor:
atsecondar
m:
pacitor:
atsecondar
m:
rcapacitor
(rms)Vrms=
geVDC=____
__________
ge(Ripplevo
r/VDC)=___
pacitor
(rms)Vrms=
geVDC=____
__________
ge(Ripplevo
r/VDC)=___
TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
tilizationfac
ration of co
flowinoppo
ransformer
comparedto
eralpurpose
tercapacito
ved:
ryoftransfo
ryoftransfo
=_________
________
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oltage)Vr:__
___________
=_________
________
_____
oltage)Vr:__
___________
F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
ctor.
ore in transf
sitedirectio
oonediode
ePCB.Keept
randONto
rmer:
rmer:
___
_________
__
___
_________
__
OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
former beca
ons.
inhalfwave
toggleswitc
connectfilt
UBANESW
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ause the DC
erectifier.
hOFFtoper
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rformpracti
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witho
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both
figure
Thec
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twoe
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IND

of Experi
out filtercap
capacitor
aratusReq
Sl.
No.
1 Tra
2 Dio
3 Res
4 Cap
5 Tog
6 Wi



ory: The Br
halfcycleso
e.
circuithasfo
onallyoppos
endsofthe
uct,wherea
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DIAN INST
SCH
iment: To
pacitor.Tom
quired:
NameofA
ansformer
ode
sistor
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ggleSwitch
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observe wa
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Apparatus
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onnectedto
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thepositive
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F TECHNO
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aveform at t
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12VAC
1N4007
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1000

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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
NO.9
the output
Ccurrent, rip
Specification
C,500mA
7
F
nverts an ac
rectifiercirc
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sistanceisco
ftheinputa
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he negative
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antagesofBr
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Transform
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Loadresist
uitDiagram
DIAN INST
SCH
half cycle o
OFF. The c
nd hence th
le.Thusabi
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thediodeis
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ize transform
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TITUTE O
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of the input
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directional
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tifier:
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F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
ac voltage,
diodes D3a
flows throu
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waverectifie
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ng from500 m
nsformerseco
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rectlyapplied
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OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
diodes D3
nd D4 will
gh RL in th
nvertedinto
ter capacito
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Similar surg
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Expe
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Wav
[1]W
Input
Outpu
[2]W
Input
Outpu
Obse
[1]W
ACInp
DCou
DCcu
ACou
Ripple
[2]W
ACInp
DCou
DCcu
ACou
Ripple

Conc

IND

erimentalP
truct circuit o
rectifierwith
veformsto
Withoutfilterc
Waveformat
utwaveform:
Withfiltercapa
Waveformat
utwaveform:
ervations:
Withoutfilterc
putvoltage(r
utputvoltage
urrent:IDC=__
utputvoltage
efactor:(Vr/V
Withfiltercapa
putvoltage(r
utputvoltage
urrent:IDC=__
utputvoltage
efactor:(Vr/V
clusion:
DIAN INST
SCH
Procedure
on the gener
houtfiltercap
obeobserv
capacitor:
tsecondaryo
:
acitor:
tsecondaryo
:
capacitor
rms)Vrms=_
VDC=______
___________
(Ripplevolta
VDC)=_____
acitor
rms)Vrms=_
VDC=______
___________
(Ripplevolta
VDC)=_____
TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
e:
ral purpose P
pacitorandO
ved:
oftransforme
oftransforme
___________
______
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__________
___________
______
___
ge)Vr:_____
__________
F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
PCB. Keep to
Ntoconnect
er:
er:
______
______
OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
oggle switch O
filtercapacito
UBANESW
CES
OFF toperfor
or.
WAR
rm practical oof full

Aim
andv
Appa

PinC
2inpu
2inpu
2inpu

IND

ofExperim
verifytheirt
aratusReq
Sl.
No.
1 IC
2 IC
3 IC
4 IC
5 IC
6 Bre
7 Wi


Configurat
utORGate(I
utANDGate
utNORGate
DIAN INST
SCH
ment:(a)T
ruthtables
quired:
NameofA
eadBoard
res
tionandTr
C7432)
(IC7408)
(IC7402)
TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
EXPERIM
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Apparatus
routhTabl
F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
MENTNO
icgatesOR,

e:
A
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
O.10(A)
,AND,NOT,
Specification
7408
7402
7400
7486
7432
TruthTab
B
0
1
0
1
TruthTa
B
0
1
0
1
TruthTab
B
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1
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,NOR,NAN
Q
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1
1
1
1
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Apply va
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clusion
DIAN INST
SCH
e(IC7400)
e(IC7486)
rocedure:
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Vccandgrou
theinputsto
outputstoth
rious comb
ofLEDs.
ct output fr
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TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
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heswitches
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variouscomb
F TECHNO
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A
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
ectivepinso
witchespro
O/PLEDs.
inputs acco
Ds and not
binationsof

OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
TruthTab
B
0
1
0
1
TruthTab
B
0
1
0
1
fICtrainerk
videdinthe
ording to th
te down the
inputs.
UBANESW
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ble
O
ble
O/

kit.
ICtrainerk
he truth ta
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WAR
O/P

/P
it.
ble and ob
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meter

Aim
verify

Appa
Proc

Conc

IND

ofExperim
yitstruthta
aratusReq
Sl.
No.
1 Tra
2 Dio
3 Res
4 Pow
5 Bre
6 Wi
cedure:
Connectio
Switchon
Applydiff
outputsw
clusion
DIAN INST
SCH
ment:Toco
bles
quired:
NameofA
ansistor
ode
sistor
werSupply
eadBoard
res
onsaremad
nthepower
ferentcomb
withthetrut
TITUTE O
HOOL OF E
EXPERIM
onstructlog
Apparatus
easperthe
supply
inationsofi
htables.
F TECHNO
ELECTRIC
MENTNO
gicgatesNA
2N2222
1N4002
1k
10k

ecircuitdiag
nputsando
OLGY BHU
AL SCIENC
O.10(B)
ANDgateusi
Specification
2
2
ram
observetheo
UBANESW
CES
ngdiscrete
Q
A

outputs;com
WAR
component
Quantity
1
3
1
1
1
1
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mparethe
sand