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CHAPTER 3: FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Ionic Formulae
1. Made up of positively charged ions (Cations) and negatively charged ions (Anions) 2. Must be neutral Total positive charge must be equal to total negative charge 3. Positive ions are metal ions (Na sodium atom ; Na+ - sodium ion) 4. Negative ions are non-metal ions 5. Monoatomic negative ions ide is added to its name (Cl chlorine atom ; Cl chloride ion) 6. Polyatomic negative ions ate is added to its name (NO3 nitrate ion)

Formulae of ions Cations Lithium Sodium Potassium Silver Hydrogen Barium Calcium Magnesium Zinc Iron (II) or Ferrum (II) Iron (III) or Ferrum (III) Lead (II) Aluminium Copper (II) Ammonium Formula Li+ Na+ Anions Bromide Chloride Fluoride Iodide Oxide Hydroxide Nitrate Nitrite Sulphate Sulphite Carbonate Phosphate Manganate (VII) Chromate (VI) Dichromate (VI) Formula

BrClFIOOHNO3NO4SO42SO32CO32PO43MnO4CrO42Cr2O721

K+ Ag+ H+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Pb2+ Al3+ Cu2+ NH4+

Information from a chemical formula

CHEMISTRY (FORM 4) |

CHAPTER 3: FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

Chemical Formula Name of cation Sodium ion Aluminum ion Potassium ion Formula of cation Na Name of anion Formula of anion Number of cation 2 Number of anion Overall charge 2(+1) + Oxide ion O21 1(-2) = 0 Al3+ Nitrate ion Chromate ion 1(3) + NO31 3 3(-1) = 0 2(4) + CrO422 4 4(-2) = 0

Na20

Al(NO3)3

K2CrO4

K+

Formula of molecular compounds (Non-metals react) Number of atoms Prefixes Mono Example: Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

N2O5 = Nitrogen (2) & Oxygen (5) = Dinitrogen Pentoxide

CHEMISTRY (FORM 4) |