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C. Hypothesis
This study assumes that there is no significant relationship between health education on sputum submission of said patients in Brgy Gaulan, Diplahan, ZSP.
D. Conceptual Framework
F. Objective
The objective of this research is to determine the effect health education on PTB Suspects knowledge on PTB and DOTS and increase their awareness in the importance and significance of sputum submission in Brgy Gaulan, Diplahan, ZSP.
H. Definition of Terms:
For better comprehension of the contents of this research, the terms used are defined operationally as: Health Education Lecture Seminar conducted. Sputum Submission - following the 3 consecutive scheduled days for sputum collection. PTB Suspect - patient presenting with more than 3 weeks duration, sputum production and weight loss which make the health worker, think the patient may have PTB.
CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature Tuberculosis profoundly affects human health, with 5.7 million new or recurrent cases reported and >1 million deaths attributed to the infection by the World Health Organization in 2010. Global expansion of the WHOrecommended Stop TB strategy marked significant achievements in tuberculosis (TB) control, with 46 million patients successfully treated and seven million lives saved between 1995 and 2010. (World Health Organization: Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.) In addition, recent prevalence surveys have shown serious limitations of the current diagnostic approach. According to survey findings, approximately 40%60% of TB patients would be ruled out through initial symptom screening under the routine program setting. Similarly, smear microscopy can detect only a proportion (30% to 69%) of all confirmed cases. Yet, most developing countries still have to rely on sputum smear microscopy for symptomatic patients who present to health facilities. (Target prioritization and strategy selection for active casefinding of pulmonary tuberculosis: a tool to support country-level project planning, Nobuyuki Nishikiori, and Catharina Van Weezenbeek, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines, BMC Public Health 2013, 13:97 ) Active case-finding (ACF) is a special effort of the health care system to detect TB patients among people who do not seek care for TB symptoms. In light of the limitations of the current case-finding approach and the global urgency to improve case detection, ACF has been suggested as an important complementary strategy to accelerate TB control (Target prioritization and strategy selection for active case-finding of pulmonary tuberculosis: a tool to support country-level project planning, Nobuyuki Nishikiori, and Catharina Van Weezenbeek, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines, BMC Public Health 2013, 13:97 )
The planning and implementation of efficient tuberculosis control programs is crucial, and the strategies that compose them must be submitted to constant evaluation and refining. One of the main strategies for the early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is through the screening of individuals with symptoms compatible with PTB, known also as respiratory symptomatic patients (RS). Although this is programmatic strategy for active case finding, its yield is not well known. (Active Case Finding of Pulmonary Tuberculosis through Screening of Respiratory Symptomatics Using Sputum Microscopy: Is It Time to Change the Paradigm? , Tuberculosis Research and Treatment, Volume 2013 (2013)) In the diagnosis of tuberculosis, detection of acid fast bacilli (AFB) on microscopic examination of sputum smears remains the most widely used investigation in clinical practice, especially in developing countries and countries with high prevalence. (Washington JA. Microbiologic diagnosis of Lower Respiratory tract infections. In: Murray JF, Nadel JA, editors. Text book of Respiratory Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WH Saunders; 1994. pp. 585600. / Enarson DA, Rieder HL, Arnadottir T, et al. Management of tuberculosis: A guide for law income countries. 5th ed. Paris: IUATLD; 2000.) As this also differentiates the infectious from the noninfectious cases, sputum smear microscopy represents one of the five pillars in the directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy for tuberculosis control. (World Health Organization. Guidelines for national programmes. WHO/TB/97.220. Geneva: WHO; 1997.) Unfortunately, this has its pitfalls because the positivity depends on the number of bacilli, type of lesions, etc. Some studies have shown that the diagnostic yield increases with each specimen that is examined leading to the recommendation that serial sputum smear examination is better than single sample. WHO in its tuberculosis control program strategy recommends spot, morning, spot (SMS) sampling method. This study was undertaken to assess whether this is cost- beneficial or is there any incremental benefit by increasing the number of samples. (Sputum smear microscopy in DOTS: Are three samples necessary? An analysis and its implications in tuberculosis control, Sukhesh Rao, Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, Karnataka, India)