TGE Gas Engineering GmbH

New Technology for LNG Vaporisation

Volker Brondke Senior Process Engineer Andreas Hambuecker Engineering Manager H Harry Isalski I l ki UK Branch B h Managing M i Director Di

Gastech 2009 T d 26 Tuesday 26th hM May

Storage / Terminals Gas Processing Package Plants

Introduction
The current technologies for LNG vaporisation in an LNG Import Terminal Influences on selection of vaporiser type: Environmental issues: vapour emissions, chemicals for water treatment & power usage CAPEX for available vapourisation technologies OPEX (utilities/auxiliaries) Plot Pl S Space requirtements i Delivery times Freezing of heating medium & operational flexibility The TGE solution and its benefits.

The Import Terminal

BOG COMPRESSION BOG ABSORPTION & HP PUMPING

ORV

ORV

SCV

SHIP UNLOADING
FUTURE

FUTURE

GAS METERING & EXPORT

TRUCK LOADING

FUTURE HP PUMPS

VAPORISERS
Kettle-type Vaporiser
Kettle

ORV

SCV

Shell & Tube

Ambient Air

17/08/2009

Arrangement of a Typical ORV

17/08/2009

Construction Aspects of ORV

Concrete

Plot Space

17/08/2009

Aspects of ORV Operation

The need for chlorination of the water to prevent marine growth. The need for de-chlorination before water discharge. Land-based location due to uniform water distribution requirements A minimum water quantity of approx. 60% of design water t for f film fil formation. f ti Limitation of use in case of cold water. Deterioration D of f zinc coating system b by h heavy metal l impurities and erosion by particles.

Arrangement of a Typical SCV

Emissions

Plot Space

17/08/2009

Aspects of SCV Operation

Used when seawater is cold High running costs. costs Emissions of CO2, NOx , etc. Requires Chemicals for Bath. Bath Usually used as a back-up. Similar types available in conventional water bath form. Used in smaller applications for industrial g gases.

Other, Ambient Medium Heating systems Seawater based Seawater-based

Indirect Seawater Heating systems Closed intermediate circuit, e.g. water glycol. Higher CAPEX and OPEX OPEX, relatively compact, compact good for FSRU applications. Kettle Kettle-type type Vaporisers, using propane as the intermediate fluid. Relatively y large g plot, p , significant g propane p p inventory, high CAPEX.

Other, Ambient Medium Heating systems Air based Air-based

Direct Air Heating g systems y
Ambient Air Vaporisers (finned tubes) Fan-assisted Ambient Air Vaporisers, high OPEX Applicable for smaller terminals, can have fog issues, low OPEX, produces clean water. Require large plot. plot

In-direct Air Heating systems

Use air to heat intermediate fluid w which, ,v vaporises p LNG. Can be complex, occupy large plot, high CAPEX

The TGE Concept

U Uses Seawater S Has pressurised propane circuit. Utilises l standard, d d proven pump, h heat exchangers h and controls. Modular. M d l Small foot-print. Competitive C titi CAPEX operating ti costs. t Simplifies overall terminal design.

The TGE Concept -Process Flowscheme

The TGE Concept - Description

Compact Heat Exchangers, laser welded plate type. type Utilises a significant amount of direct heat transfer with a novel concept (Patent Pending) Standard low head propane pump. Simple control system for easy start start-up up & operation. Relatively y low inventory y of propane. p p

Injection Heater Mechanism

Injection Heater Assembly

Injection Heater Assembly

Injection Heater Assembly

Propane vapour Injection scheme into liquid

LPG terminal in Spain, p , a TGE Project, j , 2002

17/08/2009

19

Welded Plate Exchanger Construction

W ld d Plate Welded Pl t Exchanger E h C Construction t ti

NG Product

e g LNG Vaporizer e.g.

Propane Feed

Propane Outlet LNG Feed

W ld d Plate Welded Pl t Exchanger E h C Construction t ti

Number of single plates welded together by 1. port hole weld 2. girth weld

Single g Plates

Plate Pack

Wh use welded Why w ld d plate l t exchangers? h ?

Consideration was given to several types of exchangers. Plate Exchangers, incl. spiral plate. Not suitable, too many gaskets, low design pressure. Spiral S i l wound d tube. t b
High cost.

Etched p plate ( (Heatric). )

Considered expensive. More prone to blockage.

Plate fin type,Aluminium type Aluminium Not considered adequately robust for temperature swings. Corrosion is an issue. Plate-fin, stainless steel.
No experience at high pressures. Not adequately robust for temperature changes. changes

Wh use welded Why w ld d plate l t exchangers? h ?

Plate & Shell design g advantages g include Effectiveness = more heat transfer per m2 Compactness = more heat transfer per m3 of skid occupancy Weight is much lower Reduced inventory of hydrocarbons Strong mechanical integrity Leads to shorter skid build time and unit construction

Modular

17/08/2009

25

Modular

17/08/2009

26

Modular

17/08/2009

27

Modular

17/08/2009

28

Modular

17/08/2009

29

The TGE Concept - Advantages

Eliminates need for electro-clorination and dechlorination. Reduced R d d cost of f water exit system. Can be designed for smaller water flows than an ORV (may ( require local l l acceptance) ) Shorter construction time due to modular concept. Better B tt t turn-down d characteristics. h t i ti Greater tolerance to water impurities. Can C be b located l d on a floating fl facility. f l Simpler maintenance. High h mechanical h l resilience l of f the h heat h exchangers. h

The TGE Concept - Conclusions

This unit is relatively CAPEX cost neutral compared with other schemes. Each E h site will ll h have d different ff needs d must b be examined d to show applicability of the TGE solution. Potential P t ti l savings i will ill i include: l d
Reduced cost in exit water system, electrochlorination & dechlorination, , reduced water flows in some cases. Wider operating envelope for seawater temperatures, impurities and turndown.

Has definite d f advantages d for f floating fl facilities. f l

Thank you for your kind attention! Q estions? Questions?