Corey Palmer AP US History August 19th, 2013

Chapter 1. The Collision of Cultures I. America Before Columbus A. The Peoples of the Pre-contact Americas 1. Scientists believe that the early migrants into the Americas came not only from the Bering Strait but also traveled by sea from Asia. 2. It is possible that thousands of years before Columbus, people migrated to the Americas from as far away as Europe and Africa. 3. In the late Archaic period people in North America began to settle and farm things such as corn, beans, and squash. B. The Growth of Civilization: The South 1. The earliest civilizations emerged in South and Central America. 2. The greatest civilization in the Americas was the Incas, who began in the region of Cuzco and eventually spread 2,000 miles throughout South America. 3. Another great civilization grew in what is now Mexico, known as the Mayans they created a written language, numerical system, and an accurate calendar. C. The Civilizations of the North 1. The Eskimos where less elaborate than civilization of the South, they lived on hunting, gathering, and fishing. They lived in the Arctic Circle and spanned thousands of miles on frozen land. 2. North American civilizations were based mostly on agriculture. They created towns that were centers for trade, crafts, and religious and civic ritual. 3. Eastern parts of the US became home to the Woodland indians. These people were made up of many tribes and engaged in hunting, farming, gathering, and fishing. 4. Tribes east of the Mississippi were linked through linguistic roots, with the largest language group being Algonquian, along with Iroquoian. D. Tribal Cultures 1. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Native Americans experienced and agricultural revolution. Tribes in the US became more sedentary and were developing new sources of food, clothing, and shelter. 2. Religion was an important part of their culture, it linked with the natural world and had many gods, including ones for crops, game, and rivers. 3. Gender played a role in the tasks that were assigned to these people. Women were in charge of caring for children and gathering food. Farming and hunting were tasks given to men along with fighting battles. II. Europe Looks Westward A. Commerce and Nationalism 1. Significant population growth in Europe which led to a rise in land values was a change that led to Europeans looking for new land.

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2. A rise of new governments with kings and queens gaining more control lead to them looking to expand their power to new territories. Christopher Columbus 1. Columbus dreamed of finding a faster route to Asia by going west instead of east. 2. Columbus was given support for his voyage by Spains Queen Isabelle. He commanded three ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. 3. Instead of landing in Asia, Columbus had in fact landed in the Bahamas. 4. Because of Columbus, Spain began to devote greater resources to exploration. The Conquistadores 1. The Spanish claimed the whole new world for themselves, giving Brazil to the Portuguese. 2. Hernando Cortes lead explorations into Mexico. When meeting the Aztecs, Cortes unknowingly unleashed smallpox on the natives, this made it possible for the Spanish to triumph in their conquest. 3. Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru and revealed to the Europeans the Incas wealth. This lead to Hernando de Soto going on a search for gold and other riches that he never found. Spanish America 1. Mines in Spanish America yielded ten times more gold than all the worlds mines put together. 2. New settlers came from Spain in hopes of profitable agriculture. They, unlike conquistadors, did not destroy and tried to establish new civilization. Northern Outposts 1. The Spanish fort established in St. Augustine in 1565 was the first permanent European settlement. 2. More Spanish migrants established a colony in what is now New Mexico. This colony was almost destroyed when the Pueblos revolted. This lead to Catholic missionaries efforts to suppress tribal rituals. The Empire at High Tide 1. The Spanish empire had become the largest in the world, stretching throughout almost all of the Americas. 2. The Spanish colonies were much more successful than the future English ones at extracting surface wealth. 3. The Spanish did not create a self contained society like the Europeans did, which lead to the Europeans having greater populations in a short time. Biological and Cultural Exchanges 1. Native groups inhabiting the Caribbean were almost extinct in fifty years because of the diseases Europeans carried with them. 2. An outcome less harmful to the natives was the Europeans introducing new crops and domestic livestock, with the most important being the horse. 3. The Europeans also learned new agriculture techniques from the natives, and discover ed new crops such as maize.

4. Intermarriage became common between the Europeans and natives, and the population became dominated by people of mixed races. 5. Europeans depended on the natives for labor, and in some places Indians were sold into slavery. H. Africa and America 1. Over half of the new arrivals in the Americas were men and women from Africa who were sold into slavery. 2. African societies were matrilineal, which meant they traced heredity though their mothers and not fathers. 3. In areas of west Africa people worshiped many gods, which they associated with the natural world. 4. In the sixteenth century the market for slaves grew, and europeans demanded more slaves for their plantations. III. Arrival of the English A. The commercial incentive 1. Part of the attraction for the English was that America was a place where people could start anew. B. The Religious Incentive 1. The most influential reformer was Martin Luther who spread his religion across Europe. Another successful reformer was John Calvin who rejected Catholicism and spread Calvinism throughout northern Europe. C. The English in Ireland 1. The Englishs first experience with colonization was with Ireland. 2. Because of a poor experience trying to colonize Ireland, the English decided that English settlements in distant lands would retain a rigid separation from the native populations. D. The French and Dutch in America 1. Englands most formidable rivals in North America were the French, who founded its first permanent settlement in America at Quebec in 1608. 2. The French formed ties deep in North America with the natives. These successful partnerships lead them to becoming part of the native society. 3. The Dutch also established settlements in North America, they claimed the territory in what is now New York. E. The First English Settlements 1. The first enduring English settlement was established in Jamestown. Pioneers of English colonization were Sir Humphrey Gilbert and his half brother Sir Walter Raleigh. 2. Gilbert lead an expedition to Newfoundland and took possession of it. F. Roanoke 1. Raleigh sent a group of six men to explore North America, and when they came back heard glowing reports about an island called Roanoke. Raleigh recruited Sir Richard Grenville to go to Roanoke and establish a colony.

2. Another attempt to establish a colony in Roanoke failed when the settlers disappeared, which historians believe means they were either killed or joined the natives.

Chapter 2. Transplantations and Borderlands I. The Early Chesapeake A. The Founding of Jamestown 1. The placement of Jamestown was poorly planned, it was swampy and prone to malaria. Because of this and illnesses colonists had not encountered before, many of the men died. 2. Captain John Smith helped Jamestown to survive by providing leadership and organized raids on Indians to steal food. B. Reorganization 1. The London Company, trying to make Jamestown more prosperous, sent 600 new people to Virginia. 2. This lead to many deaths; One of the ships was lost at sea, and another ran ground in the Bermuda islands. By the time people got there most of them died of fevers. The next winter was harsh and many died. 3. A twist of fate lead to refugees meeting Lord Del La Warr, who agreed to turn around to Jamestown and soon relief expeditions came and saved everyone. C. Tobacco 1. Demand for tobacco soared after Columbus first returned from the West Indies where he saw people smoking. This lead to England buying tobacco from Spanish colonies. 2. John Rolfe began to grow tobacco and sell it to England, and tobacco cultivation spread. D. Expansion 1. The Virginia Company lead a campaign to attract settlers and make their colony profitable. 2. The company gave incentives like head rights to get more people to move to Virginia. 3. In late August 20 Africans where brought to be servants for the English colonies, this would lead to the enslavement of Africans in America. E. Exchanges of Agriculture Tech 1. The survival of Jamestown was lead by new agricultural technology developed by the natives. This also lead to them recognizing the value of corn. F. Turbulent Virginia 1. Sir William Berkeley was elected governor and organized the force that put down the 1644 Indian uprising. G. Bacons Rebellion 1. Nathaniel Bacon lead a rebellion against the governor because of his soft approach towards the natives. He lead an assault against the natives. II. The Growth of New England A. Plymouth Plantation

1. Leaders of the Scrooby group got permission to settle in British America, they left on the Mayflower. 2. The pilgrims settled in an area named Plymouth. 3. Half of the colonists died during the first winter from disease and malnutrition. 4. At first the pilgrims and natives have a good relationship, but it did not last. Smallpox wiped out much of the Indian population. B. The Puritan Experiment 1. In the midst of political and social turmoil, a group of puritan merchants began organizing an enterprise to take advantage of opportunities in America. 2. This migration produced several new settlements, with the headquarters in the port of Boston. 3. Puritans did not accept teachings of the Catholic church and instead practiced their religion through reading the bible and hearing others stories. C. The Expansion of New England 1. People who arrived in Massachusetts who were not puritans had the choice to convert of leave, many chose to leave which lead to expansion to connecticut. 2. Rhode Island had its origins in the religious and political dissent of Roger Williams. In 1644 he received permission to establish a settlement. D. Settlers and Natives 1. Indians provided assistance to the settlers and helped them adapt to new land. 2. Tensions between them rose because whites wanted to continue spreading into the Indians land. This lead to whites becoming more hostile and referring to the natives as savages. E. The Pequot War, King Philips War, and the Tech of Battle 1. The first major conflict arose when hostilities broke out between the English and the Pequot Indians. 2. King Philips war was the most prolonged and deadly fight between the whites and Indians in the seventeenth century. The Natives terrorized Massachusetts towns and causing deaths for three years, until the whites crushed the uprising. 3. These wars lead to new tech to the Indians like the flintlock rifle. III. The Restoration Colonies A. The English Civil War 1. The conflict between the cavaliers an the roundheads lasted seven years. In 1649 the roundheads won. B. The Carolinas 1. Charles II gave the territory to eight politicians. 2. For decades Carolina was very unstable, until the king divided the land into two states, North and South Carolina. C. New Netherland, New York, New Jersey 1. In 1966 Charles II granted James, the duke of York all the territory lying between the Connecticut and Delaware river. D. The Quaker Colonies 1. Quakers had no church government, no paid clergy, and were pacifists.

IV. Borderlands and Middle Grounds A. The Caribbean 1. More than half of English migrants settled in the Caribbean. 2. Before the Europeans, the Arawaks made up the Caribbean population, until European diseases spread to them. 3. The Caribbean colonies created their economies on raising crops for export, with the most popular crop being sugar. 4. Because sugar is labor intensive, they brought enslaved African workers to work on the plantations. B. Masters and Slaves in the Caribbean 1. Because the whites were worried the slaves, which outnumbered them, would revolt they created regulations that basically said whites could do whatever they want, even kill a slave if they wish. 2. Africans created a world of their own on the islands, they sustained religious and social traditions, and started families. C. The Southwestern Borderlands 1. By the nineteenth century New Mexico was the largest European settlement west of the Mississippi. 2. The Spanish began to colonize what is now California. D. The Southeastern Borderlands 1. The greatest challenge to the English ambitions in North America was the Spanish presence in the southeastern area of the US. 2. The Spanish started to build forts around Georgia and Florida to protect themselves from the English. E. The Founding of Georgia 1. The founders of Georgia were a group of unpaid trustees led by General James Oglethorpe. They wanted to erect a military barrier against the Spanish. 2. In 1732 King George II granted Oglethorpe and his fellow trustees control of the land between Savannah and Altamaha. F. Middle Grounds 1. In these grounds the two populations carved out ways of living together. 2. The French were good at creating strong relationships with the native tribes. The French are what showed the English that it is better to try to work with the natives rather than use military force. 3. But by the early 19th century, the good relationship collapsed and the natives were replaced by the Europeans world. V. The Evolution of the British Empire A. The Drive for Reorganization 1. According to mercantilist theory, any wealth flowing to another nation could come only at the expense of England itself. B. The Glorious Revolution

1. By 1688 James II support had gone away, he appointed fellow catholics to high office, which inspired fears that he would try to reestablish Catholicism in in England. Chapter 3. Society and Culture in Provincial America I. The Colonial Population A. Indentured Servitude 1. Indentured servitude grew out of a need for workers because the white people realized that the native population could not easily be used for work. 2. Many of the servants were criminals given the choice of hanging or going to the new world. B. Birth and Death 1. By the 1650s the most important source of population was natural increase 2. By the seventeenth century the population was a quarter million 3. In the South the population was not growing as fast because of a high mortality rate and poor living conditions. C. Medicine in the Colonies 1. There was no medical understanding of infections and bacteria, so many women and children died during childbirth. 2. Anyone could become a doctor, there was no need for training. 3. People practiced humoralism, which meant they believed a healthy body has a balance of four fluids, and when someone is sick the fluids are not balanced. D. Women and Families in Chesapeake 1. In the Chesapeake area the average marriage age was three to four years younger than the rest of the US. 2. Women in Chesapeake could anticipate a life consumed with childbearing. 3. Women also had more power in the south than they had in the north, because there were so few women compared to the number of men. E. Women and Families in New England 1. Family structure was much more structured than in Chesapeake. 2. Children of the north were more likely to survive than children in the south, and families were more likely to stay together. 3. Women still spent most of their lives bearing children like in the South, and would still be raising young children well into their sixties. F. The Beginnings of Slavery in British America 1. Slavery was responsible for the forced migration of over 11 million Africans to the new world. 2. By the mid 1690s the number of slaves coming to North America increased. 3. By the eighteenth century things changed and now there was a distinction between black and white servants, while masters freed the white servants they did not free the black servants. G. Changing Sources of European Migrations 1. Huguenots started leaving France and about 300,000 left in the following decade to the New World.

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The Colonial Economies A. The Southern Economy 1. Tobacco became a strongly demanded crop that led many farmers to grow wealthy. 2. The staple of Georgia and South Carolina was rice. B. Northern Economic and Technological life 1. The north was a more diverse economy and depended less on farming. 2. Metalworks eventually became an important part of the colonial economy. C. The Extent and Limits of Tech 1. Very few families in colonial America were self sufficient, and most of them did not make their own clothes or food. D. The Rise of Colonial Commerce 1. Since there was no accepted medium of exchange, it was remarkable that colonial commerce survived. 2. Despite setbacks, colonial commerce grew. E. The Rise of Consumerism 1. Because of the growing difference between the upper and lower class, the upper class started to buy more things to show their wealth. 2. Merchants began to advertise their goods in newspapers and journals. This lead to household items like cutlery and furniture becoming more commonplace items. 3. This also lead to people reading more and striving to be more refined, it also lead to large portions of time being dedicated to entertainment. III. Patterns of Society A. The Plantation 1. The first plantations emerged in Virginia and Maryland. 2. Some of the wealthier plantation owners created their own town on their plantation, with things like schools and chapels. B. Plantation Slavery 1. By the mid 18th century, over three fourths of blacks lived in communities of fifty slaves or more. 2. Black families were different from their white counterparts because they built a network of extended kinship, and surrogate relatives if they did not have any actual family themselves. 3. At least twice during the colonial period there were slave rebellions. C. The Puritan Community 1. Each new settlement drew a covenant among its members, binding all residents in a religious and social commitment to unity and harmony. D. The Witchcraft Phenomenon 1. The 1680s and 1690s brought a widespread hysteria over supposed witchcraft in New England, with the most famous outbreak in Salem. 2. 19 residents were killed because of supposed evidence that they were witches. E. Inequality 1. New England was very divided in classes, some people were very rich while others were very poor.

IV. Awakenings and Enlightenments A. The Pattern of Religions 1. Religious toleration flourished in America because there were so many different people practicing different religions that it was too difficult to try and impose one singular religion. B. The Great Awakening 1. It began in the 1730s. 2. The main idea was that people could break away from the constraints of the past and start anew in his or her relationship with God. C. Enlightenment 1. The enlightenment was caused by great scientific discoveries in the 17th century. 2. The enlightenment encouraged men and women to look to themselves for guidance as to how to live their lives, and not to God. D. Education 1. Only a small number of children received education beyond primary level. 2. By the time of the revolution, half of white men could read and write, a rate much higher than in European countries. 3. Harvard was the first American college. E. The spread of Science 1. There was an increases interest in scientific knowledge. 2. One of the main places where scientific knowledge was spread was in colleges. F. Concepts of law and politics 1. The British and American political systems were very different. 2. There were many punishments such as ducking stool, whipping post, branding iron, and the stocks.

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Section 1 - Key Terms/People/Places/Events Chapter 1 Archaic Period - The Archaic period is a scholarly term for the history of humans in America during a period of about 5,000 years beginning around 8000 bc. Black Death - The Black Death was a catastrophic epidemic of the bubonic plague that began in Constantinople in 1347. Cahokia - Among the major cities that emerged as a result of trade was Cahokia which at its peak in 1200 ad had a population of about 10,000 and contained a great complex of large earthen mounds. Christopher Columbus - Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who discovered the new World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China. Clovis People - Named for a town in New Mexico, were the people that crossed the bering strait into what is now Alaska. Conquistadors - a leader in the Spanish conquest of America and especially of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. Coureurs De Bois - adventurous fur traders and trappers. Encomienda - A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. Henry Hudson - English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die. Jamestown - A British settlement established on the James River in Virginia in 1607, abandoned when the colonial capital was moved to Williamsburg at the end of the 17th century. Matrilineal - Of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line, instead of following the line of the father. Mercantilism - The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. Meso-Americans - the area extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua in which diverse pre-Columbian civilizations flourished. Mestizos - a man of mixed race. Protestant Reformation - a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. Puritans - A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship. Samuel De Chaplain - French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec. Separatists - A person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender. Sir Humphrey Gilbert - English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America.

Sir Walter Raleigh - English courtier who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England. Tenochtitlan - Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. Chapter 2 Anne Hutchinson - American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views. Antinomianism - the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws. Bacons Rebellion - Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. Dominion of New England - The Dominion of New England in America (168689) was a shortlived administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. Glorious Revolution - the revolution against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England although battles were fought in Scotland and Ireland. Headright - A headright is a legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave headrights to settlers. Jacob Leisler - was a German-born American colonist. He helped create the Huguenot settlement of New Rochelle in 1688 and later served as the acting Lieutenant Governor of New York. James Oglethorpe - was a British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer in Britain, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World. John Smith - was a British general and colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers. He was also the Conservative Member of Parliament for Chatham from 1852 to 1853 and 1857 to 1865. He was a Gentleman Usher and Fellow of the Royal Society. John Winthrop - obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans, from King Charles I for the Massachusetts Bay Company and led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630. King Philips war - The first large-scale military action in the American colonies, pitting various Indian tribes against New England colonists and their Indian allies. Marked by heavy slaughters on both sides (including killings of women and children), the war cost thousands of lives. Massachusetts Bay Company - was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston. Mayflower - the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620 Metacomet - also known as King Philip or Metacomet, or occasionally Pometacom, was a war chief or sachem of the Wampanoag Indians and their leader in King Philip's War. Navigation Acts - were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Pequot War - The Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe.

Powhatan - A member of an American Indian people of eastern Virginia. Quakers - Religious Society of Friends: a Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660; commonly called Quakers. Quitrent - is now effectively but not formally a tax or land tax imposed on freehold or leased land by a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns. Roger Williams - English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663. Sir William Berkeley - was a governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favorite. Theocracy - A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. William Penn - was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania. Chapter 3 Cotton Mather - was a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author and pamphleteer; he is often remembered for his role in the Salem witch trials. Covenant - an agreement. George Whitefield - was an Anglican Protestant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in the Kingdom of Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies. Great Awakening - The Great Awakening was a religious revival in American religious history. There were three--some say four--such periods of fervor, each characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers. Gullah - A member of a black people living on the coast of South Carolina and nearby islands. Huguenots - The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. Indentured Servitude - An indentured servant was a worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Indigo - A tropical plant of the pea family, which was formerly widely cultivated as a source of dark blue dye. Jeremiad - A long, mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes. John and Charles Wesley - English clergyman and brother of John Wesley who wrote many hymns. John Peter Zenger - was a German-American printer, publisher, editor, and journalist in New York City. He was a defendant in a landmark legal case in American jurisprudence that determined that truth was a defense against charges of libel. Middle Passage - The journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies. Primogeniture - The right of succession belonging to the firstborn child, esp. the feudal rule by which the whole real estate of an intestate passed to the eldest son. Saugus Ironworks - Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site is a National Historic Site located about 10 miles (16 kilometers) northeast of Downtown Boston in Saugus, Massachusetts. It is the site of the first integrated ironworks in North America, 1646 - 1668.

Scots-irish - The North American descendants of Protestants from Scotland who migrated to northern Ireland in the 1600s. Slave Codes - Slave codes were laws which each US state, or colony, enacted which defined the status of slaves and the rights of masters. Such codes gave slave-owners absolute power over their human property. Stono Rebellion - The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on September 9, 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution. Triangular Trade - Used to refer to the trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain. The Enlightenment - A philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions and that brought about many humanitarian reforms.

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Section 2 - Recall and Reflect Chapter 1 1. The arrival of the Europeans affected the natives because a large part of their population was killed either directly by the Europeans or indirectly from diseases the europeans carried with them. The arrival affected the Europeans by not only making them wealthier from things like gold and tobacco, it also meant that the Europeans could start building their colonies which hurt the natives by taking away their land. 2. The English, Dutch, and French settlements were more focused on building settlements and getting land and trading. The Spanish were completely focused on getting gold and other riches, though they did not succeed in getting them. 3. The effect of the importation of slaves into America meant that society would be more mixed racially. Another effect was black people being treated extremely poorly and in many cases being worked to death. 4. Mercantilism is a system used by Countries by trying to bring lots of money into their country by exporting goods such a tobacco or sugar. They would spend very little in order to bring in as much money as possible. 5. The Englishs view of the Irish as brutes and savages that could not be controlled was carried over into their view of the natives. This meant that the English would not try to compromise or work with the Natives and instead would basically just stomp over them. Chapter 2 1. In Chesapeake settlement was more difficult because of the harsher conditions which meant higher death rates. The higher death rates hurt Chesapeakes growth and made it difficult for families to grow. In New England it was much less difficult with the average lifespan being about 70 years, this lead to families growing and becoming more productive while growing New Englands economy. 2. Some of the revolts were from the slaves who were being treated horribly by the white people. The revolts were also from some of the colonies who did not like their leaders siding with England. 3. Many of the slaves in the Atlantic seaboard for a period of time where white people who within 7 years would be set free. In the Caribbean the slaves were mostly Africans who would never be set free. Another difference was the conditions the slaves were in, with the slaves in the Caribbean living in far worse conditions and dying far more frequently than slaves in the North. 4. Conditions in the middle grounds were much worse than conditions on the Atlantic seaboard, it was hot and humid with much greater chances of getting diseases like malaria. 5. The glorious revolution affected the colonies in the new world by giving them religious freedom and other freedoms. It basically gave the colonies a greater independence from England. Chapter 3 1. In the Southern colonies there were was a higher ratio of men to women, which meant that women had more control over aspects of their lives like who they marry. In the north the ratio of men to women was about even which meant traditional family roles for the women with less control over their lives.

2. Over time the enslavement of Africans became more and more popular in the north because the plantations were growing larger. They also were given less rights and their masters had complete control over their lives. 3. Puritans emigrated into North America in the seventeenth century from England for religious freedom. 4. With the enlightenment the culture of colonial America became more interested in things like literature and science. With colleges teaching more about science and philosophy, more people were becoming interested in things outside of agriculture and religion. 5. There were more freedoms in English colonies compared to in England. Many colonies allowed religious freedom. There was also a greater interest in things like literate and education.

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