Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Determine if a 14 ft tall W10x45 (ASTM A992) encased in a 24 in x 24 in with f`c = 5 ksi, is adequate to support a dead load of 350 kips and a live load of 1050 kips in axial compression. The column has 8-#8 longitudinal reinforcement bars and #4 transverse ties @ 12 in o/c. The column is pinned at both ends and the load is applied directly to the concrete encasement.

PDL 350 kip PLL 1050 kip K1 (pinned on both ends)

L 14 ft h1 24 in h2 24 in Pu 1.2 PDL + 1.6 PLL = 2100 kip Material properties for W10x45 steel section: Fy 50 ksi Fu 65 ksi Es 29000 ksi [AISC Table 2-3, p. 2-39]

Material properties for concrete: f`c 5 ksi lb w 145 ft 3 w ft 3 f`c ksi = 3904 ksi Ec lb
1.5

Material properties for steel reinforcement: Fyrs 60 ksi Material properties for shear stud: [AISC Table 3-21, p. 3-207] Fuss 65 ksi Geometric Properties W10x45 steel section: As 13.3 in 2 bf 8.02 in Iy 53.4 in 4 tf 0.62 in ds 10.1 in tw 0.35 in [AISC Table 1-1, p. 1-24]

Aflange bf tf = 4.972 in 2

2 Aweb d 2 tf tw = 3.1 in

Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Geometric properties reinforcing steel: Asr 6.32 in 2 r 0.5 in (the area of 1-#8 bar is 0.79 inches squared as per ACI) d 9.5 in

r4 + 6 0.79 in 2 d 2 = 428 in 4 Isr 8 4 Geometric properties concrete:

2 Ac h1 h2 As Asr = 556 in

(based on centroid being symmetrical and vertical)

h1 h2 3 Ic Iy Isr = 27166 in 4 12 Geometric properties shear stud: dstud 0.5 in dstud 2 Asc = 0.196 in 2 4

NOTE: The weak axis moment of inertia is used as part of the slenderness check.

Limitations: Limit 1: Normal weight concrete. Limit_1 if 10 ksi f`c 3 ksi| | OK | | else | NG | [AISC I1.2, p. 16.1-78]

Limit_1 = OK

Limit_2 if Fyrs 75 ksi| | OK | | else | NG |

Limit_2 = OK

Limit 3: The cross-sectional area of the steel HSS section shall comprise at least 1% of the

Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Limit 3: The cross-sectional area of the steel HSS section shall comprise at least 1% of the total composite cross section. Limit_3 if As > 0.01 h1 h2 | | OK | | else | NG | [AISC I2.1a, p. 16.1-79]

Limit_3 = OK

Limit 4: Concrete encasement of the steel core shall be reinforced with continuous longitudinal bars and lateral or spiral ties. The minimum transverse reinforcement shall be at least 0.009 inches squared per inch of tie spacing. (the area of 1-#4 bar is 0.20 inches squared as per ACI). Transverse tie spacing is 12 in. 0.20 in 2 in 2 | > 0.009 Limit_4 if | 12 in in | OK | | else | NG | Limit_4 = OK

Limit 5: The minimum reinforcement ratio for continuous longitudinal reinforcing shall be 0.004. Ag h1 h2 = 576 in 2 Asr sr [Eqn. I2.1, p. 16.1-79] Ag Limit_5 if sr > 0.004| | OK | | else | NG |

Limit_5 = OK

Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Calculate The Compressive Strength: Po As Fy + Asr Fyrs + 0.85 Ac f`c = 3409 kip

[AISC I2.1b, p. 16.1-79] [Eqn. I2.4, p. 16.1-79]

As C1 0.1 + 2 = 0.147 Ac + As Check_C1 if C1 0.3| OK | | | else NG | |

[Eqn. I2.7, p. 16.1-80]

Check_C1 = OK

EIeff Es Iy + 0.5 Es Isr + C1 Ec Ic = 23316062 kip in 2

[Eqn. I2.6, p. 16.1-80]

User Note: K value is from Chapter C and in this case K=1.0 EIeff Pe 2 = 8153 kip 2 ( ( K L) )

[Eqn. I2.5, p. 16.1-79]

Pn if Pe 0.44 Po | | Po | 0.658 Pe | P o | else | 0.877 P e | c 0.75

[AISC I2.1b, p. 16.1-79] [Eqn. I2.2 & I2.3, p. 16.1-79]

Pn = 2862 kip

compressive_strength if c Pn Pu| | OK | | else | NG |

compressive_strength = OK

Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Because the entire load in the column was applied directly to the concrete, accomodations must be made to transfer an appropriate portion of the axial force to the steel column. This force is transferred asd a shear force between the two materials. Determine the number and spacing of 1/2" diameter headed shear studs to transfer the axial force.

Calculate the shear to be transferred: Pu V = 2800 kip c A s Fy V' V = 546 kip Po [Eqn. I2.10, p. 16.1-80]

Calculate the nominal strength of one 1/2" diameter shear stud connector:

f`c Ec Asc Fuss Qn if 0.5 Asc 0.5 Asc f`c Ec else A F | sc uss

[Eqn. I2.12, p. 16.1-81]

Qn = 12.8 kip

Example I-3 Encased Composite Column in Axial Compression

Calculate the number of shear studs required to transfer the total force, V':

V' Nstud = 43 Qn An even number of studs are required to be placed symmetrically on two faces. Therefore use 22 studs minimum per flange. Determine the spacing for the shear studs: The maximum stud spacing is 16 inches The available column length is: L = 168 in The maximum spacing is: L s = 7.3 in ( (22 + 1) ) Therefore on both flanges use single studs spaced at 7 inches. Stud placement is to start 10.5 inches from one end. Determine the length of the studs for the flanges: h2 d s lstud 3 in = 3.95 in 2 Therefore use 3.5 inch long studs for both flanges. Note: the subtraction of three inches is to ensure sufficient cover. Summary: use 1/2 inch diameter shear stud connectors as shown on each flange spaced at 7 inches. [AISC I2.1f, p. 16.1-81]