What is ADSL?

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital

Subscriber Line, or DSL for short) is a high-speed Internet access service that utilizes existing copper telephones lines to send and receive data at speeds that far exceed conventional dial-up modems.

ADSL is capable of providing up to 50 Mbps, and supports voice, video and data

ADSL MODEM
ADSL Modem is a device used to connect a computer or router to a telephone circuit.

Frequency plan for ADSL

Red area is the frequency range used by normal voice telephony, the green (upstream) and blue (downstream) areas are used for ADSL.

ADSL
ADSL uses standard telephone lines to

transmit upstream and downstream data on a digital frequency, which sets these datastreams apart from the analog signals telephones and fax machines use.

Telephone use
Because the ADSL signal is operating on a

different frequency, the telephone can be used normally, even when surfing the Web with ADSL service.

ADSL download
The "asymmetric" in ADSL refers to the fact

that the downstream data rate, or the data coming to your computer from the Internet, is traveling faster than upstream data, or the data traveling from your computer to the Internet.

ADSL upload
Upstream data rates are slower because Web

page requests are fairly miniscule data strings that do not require much bandwidth to handle efficiently.

SDSL or Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Some businesses, however, may require matching

upstream rates for uploading large files. SDSL, or Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line is an option. "Symmetric" indicates that both datastreams are operating at the same speed of 1.5 to 7 Mbps. SDSL service requires a dedicated telephone line because, unlike ADSL, telephone and fax services cannot share a line with SDSL service.

ADSL network components

The ADSL modem at the customer premises(ATU-R)
The modem of the central office (ATU-C)

DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM)

Broadband Access Server (BAS)

Splitter - an electronic low pass filter that separates the

analogue voice or ISDN signal from ADSL data frequencies DSLAM.

ADSL Loop Architecture

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

(DSLAM, often pronounced dee-slam) allows telephone lines to make faster connections to the Internet. It is a network device, located in the telephone exchanges of the service providers, that connects multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs) to a high-speed Internet backbone line using multiplexing techniques.By placing remote DSLAMs at locations remote to the telephone exchange, telephone companies provide DSL service to locations previously beyond effective range.

ADSL providers
ADSL is not available to everyone. ADSL

providers, or even your local phone company, can tell you if service is available in your locale. Speeds will vary depending upon your physical distance from local hubs.

ADSL speed

ADSL2 & ADSL2+

Some customers with close proximity may

be able to take advantage of newer varieties of ADSL, called ADSL2 and ADSL2+, which have even greater throughput rates, from 12 to 24 Mbps downstream and 1 to 3.5 Mbps upstream.

Single-Pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line (SHDSL)

Single-Pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line

(SHDSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. An optional extended SHDSL mode allows symmetric data rates up to 5696 kbit/s on one pair. Higher data rates may be achieved using two or up to four copper pairs.

Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL)

Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) is

a variation of Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) technology. In RADSL the DSL modem adjusts the upstream bandwidth to create a wider frequency band for the downstream traffic. Using this technique the line is more tolerant of errors caused by noise and signal loss. As the frequency is adjusted, the upstream bandwidth may be markedly decreased if there is a large amount of line noise or signal degradation - this may reduce the upstream bit rate to as little as 64 kbit/s - the same speed as a single

ADSL Modulation
Modulation is the overlaying of information (or the signal)

onto an electronic or optical carrier waveform

There are two competing and incompatible standards for

modulating the ADSL signal:

Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP)

Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

Carrierless Amplitude Phase

Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) is an encoding method that divides the signals into two distinct bands:
1.

The upstream data channel (to the service provider), which is carried in the band between 25 and 160kHz The downstream data channel (to the user), which is carried in the band from 200kHz to 1.1MHz .

1.

These channels are widely separated in order to minimize the possibility of interference between the channels.

Discrete Multi-tone (DMT)

Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) separates the DSL signal so that the usable frequency range is separated into 256 channels of 4.3125kHz each.
DMT has 224 downstream frequency bins (or carriers) and 32 upstream frequency bins.

DMT constantly shifts signals between different channels to ensure that the best channels are used for transmission and reception.

ADSL use
ADSL is especially suited for gamers, CAD use,

streaming multimedia and downloading large files. Family members can share ADSL accounts, with a basic monthly fee covering several mailboxes. Unlike dial-up service, which stipulates only one session be instigated at a time, multiple members can be using ADSL service simultaneously on various computers in the house without violating policy.

Advantages and disadvantages

Here are some advantages of DSL: You can leave your Internet connection open and still use

the phone line for voice calls. The speed is much higher than a regular modem DSL doesn't necessarily require new wiring, it can use the phone line you already have. The company that offers DSL will usually provide the modem as part of the installation. But there are disadvantages: A DSL connection works better when you are closer to the provider's central office. The farther away you get from the central office, the weaker the signal becomes. The connection is faster for receiving data than it is for sending data over the Internet. The service is not available everywhere.

Thanking for attention