E-Hospital - Punang Part 1

EHospital:HospitalInformationSystems
Hospital Information Systems
Hospital Information Systems Part 1

Punang Amaripuja p_amaripuja@yahoo.com
E-Hospital
Class Management
MMRUMY
Main Reference
Laudon,K.C.andLaudon,J.P., ManagementInformation Systems:ManagingtheDigital Fi 12thedition, Firm, diti P Prentice ti Hall, H ll 2011
Topics to Discuss
Hardware Software Networking Database Technology gyAcceptance p Model
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Data, Information, and Systems
Review:
Is it Data or Information?
(1/2)
US troops invaded the town to capture 5 Iraqi rebels. 15 15 Celsius The weather at 5 pm today in Melbourne is 15 Celsius US troops came into the town to capture 5 bearded Iraqi men.
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Is it Data or Information?
StockPrice
Company Stock Price
(2/2)
JSXStockPrice 25Nov.2013
Company Stock Price (Rp)
Telkom Unilever Indosat
2000 1000 1750
Telkom Unilever Indosat
2000 1000 1750
Definitions
(1/3)
Data : Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use (Laudon, 2000). Information : Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings (Laudon, 2000).
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Information
OrganizedandArranged Meaningful Useful
What is the main information needed by a cashier in a supermarket?
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Definitions
(2/3)
System : A set of interrelated components that work together to achieve some common purpose (Martin et. al., 1994). Information System : Interrelated components working together to collect, collect process, process store store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis and visualization in an organization (Laudon, 2000).
DataandInformation
Rawdatafromasupermarketcheckoutcountercanbeprocessedandorganizedtoproducemeaningful information,suchasthetotalunitsalesofdishdetergentorthetotalsalesrevenuefromdishdetergentfora specificstoreorsalesterritory.
PrenticeHall2011
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Functionsofan InformationSystem y
Aninformationsystemcontains informationaboutanorganization anditssurroundingenvironment. Threebasicactivitiesinput, processing,andoutputproducethe informationorganizationsneed. Feedbackisoutputreturnedto appropriatepeopleoractivitiesinthe organizationtoevaluateandrefine theinput.Environmentalactors,such ascustomers,suppliers,competitors, stockholders,andregulatory agencies,interactwiththe organizationanditsinformation systems.
PrenticeHall2011
IS From a Business Perspective
IS
The O Organization i ti
Environmental Challenges
IS
IS
IS
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ISs Role in an Organization

IS
The Organization
IS
IS
IS
Satisfying y gExternal Customers SatisfyingInternal Customers
Who are the external customers?

Patients Families of patients Pharmacies Suppliers Citi Citizens Regional government Ministry NGOs
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Who are the internal customers?

Doctors Nurses Paramedics Administrative staff Other divisions
Where do we stand?
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Types of Information Systems
Information and Levels of Management

Strategic Planning
Environment Brief - General
Management Control
Operational Control
Internal Detailed - Specific
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Types of Systems
STRATEGICLEVEL ESS:ExecutiveSupportSystems MANAGEMENTLEVEL MIS:ManagementInform.Syst. DSS:DecisionSupportSystems KNOWLEDGELEVEL KWS:K Knowledge l d Work W kS Systems OAS:OfficeAutomationSyst. OPERATIONALLEVEL TPS:TransactionProcSystems
ManagementInformation Systems
Top Mng. Mng
Information System Analogy
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IS Dashboard
Major Types of Systems in Organizations
Interrelationships among systems
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IT Infrastructure:
Hardware, Software, and Networking
Hardware Components
Communication Devices Secondary Storage
OptDisk FlashDisk
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Buses
Primary Storage
HardDrive SolidStateDrive
InputDevices
Keyboard,Mouse, TouchScreen,Stylus
Output Devices
Printer,Display, Plotter,Audio
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ITInfrastructure
ITinfrastructure:
Setofphysicaldevicesandsoftwarerequiredto operateenterprise Setoffirmwideservicesincluding:
Computingplatformsprovidingcomputingservices Telecommunicationsservices Datamanagementservices Applicationsoftwareservices Physicalfacilitiesmanagementservices ITmanagement,education,andotherservices
Serviceplatform perspective
Moreaccurateviewofvalueofinvestments
ITInfrastructure
EvolutionofITinfrastructure
Generalpurposemainframeandminicomputerera:1959 topresent
1958:IBMfirstmainframesintroduced 1965:lessexpensiveDECminicomputersintroduced
Personalcomputerera:1981topresent
1981:IntroductionofIBMPC Proliferationin80s,90sresultedingrowthofpersonalsoftware
Client/serverera:1983topresent
Desktopclientsnetworkedtoservers,withprocessingworksplitbetween clientsandservers Networkmaybetwotieredormultitiered (Ntiered) Varioustypesofservers(network,application,Web)
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ITInfrastructure
EvolutionofITinfrastructure(cont.)
Enterprisecomputingera:1992topresent
Movetowardintegratingdisparatenetworks, applicationsusingInternetstandardsandenterprise applications
Cloudandmobilecomputing:2000topresent
Cl Cloud dcomputing: ti computing ti powerand dsoftware ft applicationssuppliedovertheInternetorother network
Fastestgrowingformofcomputing
STAGESINITINFRASTRUCTUREEVOLUTION
Illustratedherearethetypical computingconfigurations characterizingeachofthefive erasofITinfrastructure evolution.
FIGURE52
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STAGESINITINFRASTRUCTUREEVOLUTION(cont.)
Illustratedherearethetypical computingconfigurations characterizingeachofthefive erasofITinfrastructure evolution.
FIGURE52
AMULTITIEREDCLIENT/SERVERNETWORK(NTIER)
FIGURE53
Inamultitieredclient/servernetwork,clientrequestsforservicearehandledbydifferentlevelsofservers.
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ITInfrastructure
Technologydriversofinfrastructureevolution
Mooreslawandmicroprocessingpower Computingpowerdoublesevery18months Nanotechnology:
Shrinkssizeoftransistorstosizecomparabletosize ofavirus
LawofMassDigitalStorage Theamountofdatabeingstoredeachyear doubles
MOORESLAWANDMICROPROCESSORPERFORMANCE
Packingmorethan2billion transistorsintoatiny microprocessorhas exponentiallyincreased processingpower.Processing powerhasincreasedtomore than500,000MIPS(millionsof instructionspersecond).
FIGURE54
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FALLINGCOSTOFCHIPS
Packingmoretransistorsinto lessspacehasdrivendown transistorcostdramaticallyas wellasthecostoftheproducts inwhichtheyareused.
FIGURE55
EXAMPLESOFNANOTUBES
Nanotubesaretinytubes about10,000timesthinner thanahumanhair. hair They consistofrolledupsheetsof carbonhexagonsandhavethe potentialusesasminuscule wiresorinultrasmall electronic devicesandareverypowerful conductorsofelectrical current.
FIGURE56
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THECOSTOFSTORINGDATADECLINESEXPONENTIALLY19502012
Sincethefirstmagneticstorage devicewasusedin1955,the costofstoringakilobyteof datahasfallenexponentially, doublingtheamountofdigital storageforeachdollar expendedevery15monthson average.
FIGURE57
ITInfrastructure Technologydriversofinfrastructureevolution(cont.)
MetcalfesLawandnetworkeconomics Valueorpowerofanetworkgrows exponentiallyasafunctionofthenumberof networkmembers Asnetworkmembersincrease,morepeople wanttouseit(demandfornetworkaccess increases)
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ITInfrastructure Technologydriversofinfrastructureevolution(cont.)
DecliningcommunicationcostsandtheInternet Anestimated2.3billionpeopleworldwidehave Internetaccess Ascommunicationcostsfalltowardaverysmall numberandapproach0,utilizationof communicationandcomputingfacilities explodes
EXPONENTIALDECLINESININTERNETCOMMUNICATIONSCOSTS
FIGURE58
OnereasonforthegrowthintheInternetpopulationistherapiddeclineinInternetconnectionandoverall communicationcosts.ThecostperkilobitofInternetaccesshasfallenexponentiallysince1995.Digitalsubscriber line(DSL)andcablemodemsnowdeliverakilobitofcommunicationforaretailpriceofaround2cents.
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ITInfrastructure
Technologydriversofinfrastructureevolution (cont.)
Standardsandnetworkeffects Technologystandards:
Specificationsthatestablishthecompatibilityof productsandtheabilitytocommunicateina network Unleashpowerfuleconomiesofscaleandresultin pricedeclinesasmanufacturersfocusonthe productsbuilttoasinglestandard
InfrastructureComponents
ITInfrastructurehassevenmaincomponents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Computerhardwareplatforms Operatingsystemplatforms Enterprisesoftwareapplications Datamanagementandstorage Networking/telecommunications ki / l i i platforms l f Internetplatforms Consultingsystemintegrationservices
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THEITINFRASTRUCTUREECOSYSTEM
Therearesevenmajor componentsthatmustbe coordinatedtoprovidethefirm withacoherentIT infrastructure.Listedhereare majortechnologiesand suppliersforeachcomponent.
FIGURE59
Computerhardwareplatforms
Clientmachines
DesktopPCs,mobiledevicesPDAs,laptops
Servers
Bladeservers:ultrathincomputersstoredinracks
Mainframes:
IBMmainframeequivalenttothousandsofblade servers
Topchipproducers:AMD,Intel,IBM Topfirms:IBM,HP,Dell,SunMicrosystems
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Operatingsystemplatforms
Operatingsystems
Serverlevel:65%runUnixorLinux;35%runWindows Clientlevel:
90%runMicrosoftWindows(XP,2000,CE,etc.) Mobile/multitouch(Android,iOS) Cloudcomputing(GooglesChromeOS)
Enterprisesoftwareapplications
Enterpriseapplicationproviders:SAPandOracle Middlewareproviders:BEA
Datamanagementandstorage
Databasesoftware: IBM(DB2),Oracle,Microsoft(SQLServer), Sybase(AdaptiveServerEnterprise),MySQL Physicaldatastorage: EMCCorp(largescalesystems),Seagate, Maxtor WesternDigital Maxtor, Storageareanetworks(SANs): Connectmultiplestoragedevicesondedicated network
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Networking/telecommunicationsplatforms
Telecommunicationservices Telecommunications,cable,telephone companychargesforvoicelinesandInternet access Telkom,XL,etc. Network N t koperating ti systems: t WindowsServer,Linux,Unix Networkhardwareproviders: Cisco,AlcatelLucent,Nortel,JuniperNetworks
Internetplatforms
Hardware,software,managementservicesto supportcompanyWebsites,(includingWeb hostingservices)intranets,extranets Internethardwareservermarket:IBM,Dell,Sun (Oracle),HP Webdevelopmenttools/suites:Microsoft (ExpressionStudio,.NET)OracleSun(Java), Adobe,RealNetworks
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ContemporaryHardwarePlatformTrends
Themobiledigitalplatform
Cellphones,smartphones(iPhone,Android,and Blackberry) Datatransmission,Websurfing,email,andIM duties Netbooks: Smalllightweightnotebooksoptimizedfor wirelesscommunicationandcoretasks Tablets(iPad) Networkedereaders(KindleandNook)
InteractiveSession:Management
SHOULDYOUUSEYOURIPHONEFORWORK?
ReadtheInteractiveSessionanddiscussthefollowingquestions
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofallowing employeestousetheirpersonalsmartphonesforwork? Whatmanagement,organization,andtechnologyfactors shouldbeaddressedwhendecidingwhethertoallow p y tousetheirp personalsmartphones p forwork? employees Allowingemployeestousetheirownsmartphonesfor workwillsavethecompanymoney.Doyouagree?
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ContemporaryHardwarePlatformTrends
Cloudcomputing
Ondemand(utility)computingservicesobtained overnetwork
Infrastructureasaservice Platformasaservice Softwareasaservice
Cloudcanbep publicorprivate p AllowscompaniestominimizeITinvestments Drawbacks:Concernsofsecurity,reliability Hybridcloudcomputingmodel
CLOUDCOMPUTINGPLATFORM
Incloudcomputing,hardware andsoftwarecapabilitiesarea poolofvirtualizedresources providedoveranetwork,often theInternet.Businessesand employeeshaveaccessto applicationsandIT infrastructureanywhere,atany time,andonanydevice.
Figure510
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ContemporarySoftwarePlatformTrends
Opensourcesoftware:
Producedbycommunityofprogrammers Freeandmodifiablebyuser Examples:Apachewebserver,MozillaFirefox browser,OpenOffice
Linux
OpensourceOS Usedinmobiledevices,localareanetworks,Web servers,highperformancecomputing
SoftwarefortheWeb
Java:
Objectorientedprogramminglanguage Operatingsystem,processorindependent
HTML/HTML5
Webpagedescriptionlanguage Specifieshowtext,graphicsareplacedonWebpage HTML5islatestevolution
Includesanimationandvideoprocessingfunctionality previouslyprovidedbythirdpartyaddonssuchasFlash
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Softwareoutsourcingandcloudservices
Threeexternalsourcesforsoftware:
Softwarepackagesandenterprisesoftware Softwareoutsourcing
Contractingoutsidefirmstodevelopsoftware
Cloudbasedsoftwareservices
Softwareasaservice(SaaS) AccessedwithWebbrowseroverInternet ServiceLevelAgreements(SLAs):formalagreementwith serviceproviders
CHANGINGSOURCESOFFIRMSOFTWARE
Figure512
In2012,U.S.firmswillspendmorethan$279billiononsoftware.About35percentofthat($98billion)will originateoutsidethefirm,eitherfromenterprisesoftwarevendorssellingfirmwideapplicationsorindividual applicationserviceprovidersleasingorsellingsoftwaremodules.Another4percent($11billion)willbe providedbySaaSvendorsasanonlinecloudbasedservice.
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ManagementIssues
Dealingwithplatformandinfrastructure change h
Asfirmsshrinkorgrow,ITneedstobeflexibleand scalable Scalability: Abilitytoexpandtoservelargernumberofusers Formobilecomputing p gandcloudcomputing p g Newpoliciesandproceduresformanagingthesenew platforms Contractualagreementswithfirmsrunningcloudsand distributingsoftwarerequired
ManagementIssues
Management g and governance g

Who controls IT infrastructure? How should IT department be organized?
Centralized
Central IT department makes decisions
Decentralized
Business unit IT departments make own decisions
How are costs allocated between divisions, departments?
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ManagementIssues
Makingwiseinfrastructureinvestments
AmounttospendonITiscomplexquestion
Rentvs.buy,cloudcomputing Outsourcing
Totalcostofownership(TCO)model
Analyzesdirectandindirectcosts Hardware,softwareaccountforonlyabout20%ofTCO Othercosts:Installation Installation,training training,support support,maintenance maintenance, infrastructure,downtime,space,andenergy
TCOcanbereduced
Useofcloudservices,greatercentralizationandstandardizationof hardwareandsoftwareresources
Technology Acceptance
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Challenges in HIS Implementation Insufficientinterest/willtooptimisetheuse ofIS,especiallybyhealthprofessionals(based onagegroupandactivitydensity) Solution:Properhandlingofresistanceto change.
Resistance to Change
Informationsystemswillpotentiallychange organisationalstructure,culture,politics,andjob d descriptions resistance Leavitt(1965)diamond model
Jobs
Technology
People
Structure
Allcomponentshastobechangedsimultaneously
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Technology Acceptance Model

(Davis, 1989)
Perceived Usefulness Behavior Intention
Attitude
ActualUse
PerceivedEase ofUse
Thetheoryexplainsindividualacceptancetowardsthe useoftechnology
Managerial Responsibilities in the Implementation of IS SynchronisingISwithorganisationalgoals PlanningISdevelopment Measuringconformitywithorganisational policiesandgovernmentregulations AssessingthebenefitsofISimpelemntation AssessingtherisksofISfailure
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EHospital:HospitalInformationSystems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems Part 1

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Laudon,K.C.andLaudon,J.P., ManagementInformation Systems:ManagingtheDigital Fi 12thedition, Firm, diti P Prentice ti Hall, H ll 2011

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Data, Information, and Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Telkom Unilever Indosat

2000 1000 1750

Telkom Unilever Indosat

2000 1000 1750

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

What is the main information needed by a cashier in a supermarket?

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Rawdatafromasupermarketcheckoutcountercanbeprocessedandorganizedtoproducemeaningful information,suchasthetotalunitsalesofdishdetergentorthetotalsalesrevenuefromdishdetergentfora specificstoreorsalesterritory.

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

IS From a Business Perspective

Hospital Information Systems

ISs Role in an Organization

Satisfying y gExternal Customers SatisfyingInternal Customers

Hospital Information Systems

Who are the external customers?

Hospital Information Systems

Who are the internal customers?

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Types of Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Information and Levels of Management

Internal Detailed - Specific

Hospital Information Systems

Top Mng. Mng

Hospital Information Systems

Information System Analogy

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Major Types of Systems in Organizations

Interrelationships among systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

LawofMassDigitalStorage Theamountofdatabeingstoredeachyear doubles

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Hospital Information Systems

MetcalfesLawandnetworkeconomics Valueorpowerofanetworkgrows exponentiallyasafunctionofthenumberof networkmembers Asnetworkmembersincrease,morepeople wanttouseit(demandfornetworkaccess increases)