Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2013-2023: Forecasts, Technologies, Players

polymer Kokam batteries and two E-props propellers, which were specifically designed for the record attempt. Electravia claim a 30% speed increase over comparable non-electric aircraft.
Fig. 2.2

Multiple electric motors on a NASA solar powered, unmanned aircraft for the upper atmosphere

Source NASA, AeroVironment

The EADS Cri Cri manned pure electric aerobatic plane was made more aerodynamic by replacing the two ICE engines with four high voltage, low intensity brushless electric motors with counterrotating propellers, so two push airscrews and two pull airscrews now propel it.

2.2.4.

Shapes of motor
Electric traction motors are typically designed to be integrated in the powertrain, although the requirements placed on electric motors depend on their position of installation in the vehicle. For example, the original Faraday motor and the in-wheel motors used in cars and commercial vehicles around 1900 were relatively flat pancake motors, often radial flux. Some become inefficient at very high speeds. Inboard motors tend to be barrel shaped. Mitsubishi has an in wheel motor electric vehicle (MiEV) approach, and it envisages the utilisation of this technology with hybrid powertrains and fuel cell vehicles. This inwheel motor makes it possible to regulate drive torque and braking force independently at each wheel without the need for any transmission, drive shaft or other complex mechanical components. The fact that the drive system is housed inside the wheel itself offers significantly greater design freedom and also makes it easier to locate such spaceconsuming components as the battery system, fuel cell stacks and hydrogen tanks used in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. However, the incorporation of traditional foundation brakes, which are required by construction and use regulation, is problematic. Traction motors generally require a large air gap to compensate for wobble in any rotating masses, especially on the crankshaft, and they require highperformance and torque density together with short axial installation space to meet space constraints. This is particularly true for transverse powertrains.
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Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2013-2023: Forecasts, Technologies, Players

Fig. 2.13

Volvo ReCharge concept hybrid

Source Volvo

2.3.5.

Fraunhofer IFAM
The new Artega GT manufactured by Artega Automobil GmbH is being used as a test bed for a new type of in-wheel motor as shown below.

Fig. 2.14

Fraunhofer in-wheel motor on an Artega GT

Source Fraunhofer IFAM / IDTechEx

This integrates all essential electric and electronic components, notably the power electronics and electronic control systems, into the installation space of the motor. No external electronics are necessary, the number and scope of the feed lines can be minimized and there is a marked increase in power compared to the wheel hub motors currently available on the market. An innovative security and redundancy concept guarantees drive safety even if the system breaks down says Professor Matthias Busse, head of the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Applied Materials Research IFAM. Today, the benefits of ECMs include, or promise to include, better control by "torque vectoring", more space, and less weight, faster acceleration and better fuel economy. However, one analyst put the global market size for ECMs at only one million units by 2020 -meaning that they will be fitted on less than 10% of on-road vehicles made in that year. Design flexibility, weight reduction and fuel savings are the main catalysts implementing ECMs, so why the slow adoption?
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Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2013-2023: Forecasts, Technologies, Players

Vehicle

Vehicle category and type Car Hybrid SUV Car Hybrid

Motor

Motor specification

Motor manufacturer and claims

BYD S6DM BYD F3DM hybrid

Synchrono us Asynchron ous

PM 10kW/75kW The F3DM has two alternating current electric motors, a 50-kilowatt unit that drives the wheels and a 25-kilowatt helper that can send power to the wheels or generate electricity through regenerative braking. The two motors provide all the propulsion until the charge level of the F3DMs batteries reaches 20%, then after this threshold the car automatically switches from electric mode operation to hybrid mode. BAE Systemshas entered into a partnership with Crane Carrier Company one of Americas market leaders in RCVs, or refuse collection vehicles (garbage trucks). HybriDrive powered vehicles from Crane Carrier Company could hit the market by the end of 2012. The HybriDrive parallel system can be installed with little impact to the vehicle and enhances thrust through an optimized amalgamation of internal combustion power and electric power. The HybriDrive parallel system is based on a single electric machine integrated between the engine and the transmission and adds power in the range of 95 145 hp and 300 400 lb-ft. The system is designed to support largebore heavy-duty power plants ranging from 350 hp to 600 hp, with associated torque ratings of 750 to 2,150 lb-ft .

Number per vehicle 2 2

Crane carrier Company

Light Commercial/industrialR efuse collection vehicle. Hybrid

Asynchron ous

Cessna 172 Bye electrification

Aircraft Conversion Pure electric Bus Small pure electric Car Pure electric Car Pure electric Heavy industrial Forklifts Pure electric

Synchrono us

Chongqing Yu'an Group Imp.& Exp. Co., Ltd. bus CITRON. CMtisse concept car. Citybee Electric Clark Material Handling forklift

Synchrono us Synchrono us Synchrono us Asynchron ous

PM UQM 125 126kW Cessna has delivered more than 43,000 Cessna 172s, making it the most popular general aviation aircraft in history. PM Series DC Motor, 72V/6.3Kw, Rated Speed 2800r/min. PM.

UQM Technologies

TM4

PMAC/ BLDC category. 36 and 48V AC

Siemens

1 2

140

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