Lintel are provided over the opning of door, window, almirah, etc.

Generally, they support the

load of the wall over it, and some times also the live load are transferred by the sub - roof of the room.
Following five cases may arise from point of view of distribution of load over the Lintel :1
2
3
4
5

When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall to one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When the length of wall on both side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
When there are opening over lintel
When there is load carrying slab over the lintel.
Case 1:- When the length of wall on each side is more than half the effective span of the lintel.
The most general case.Because of arch-action in the masonry, all the load of wall above
the lintel is not transferred to the lintel.It ia assumed that the load transferred is in the form of
H
triangle,and the load on the lintel is equal to the weight of the masonry in triangular portion, as h
shown in fig 1. If, however, the height of the wall above the lintel is insufficient (i.e.if apex of triangle
falls above the top of wall), whole of the rectangulare load above the lintelis taken to act on lintel, as
shown in fig 2
>L/2
l
>L/2
0
Case 1 (H>Lsin 60 )
H = height of wall above the lintel.
L = Effective span
L = Effective length of opening.
l = Actual opening.
Fig 1
h = Effective height of masonry.
Thus, h = Lsin 60 0 = L x3/2
or L/2 x
Tringle area = 1/2 x L x L/2 3

>L/2
l
>L/2
Case 1 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 2

Case 2:- When the length of wall one side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
Fig 2 show the situation where the length of wall to one side is less than the half the effective span, but the
length to the other side is more than the half the effective span. In case, the load transferred to the lintel will be equal to
the weight of masonry contained in the rectangle of height h equal to effective span.

h=L

H
60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
>L/2
Case 2 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 3

Case 3:- When the length of wall each side is less than half the effective span of the lintel.
H=h
This shown in Fig 3. The load acting on lintel will be equal to the weight of masonry contained in rectangule of
height h equal to the full height H of wall.

60 0

60 0

<L/2
l
<L/2
Case 3 (H<Lsin 60 0)
L = Effective span
Fig 4
4 Case 4:- When there are opening on lintel.
If there are openings, due to provision of ventilators etc. and ifthese opening are intersected by the 60 0 lines,
the loading will be calculated by allwing dispresion lines at 60 0 from the top edges of openings, as shown in Fig 4.The
total load on the lintel will be equal to the weight of the masonry contained in the shaded area.

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0

60 0
L

5 Case 5:- When there is load carrying slab falling with in dispression triangle.
If the roof slab is provided at a level well above the apex of the dispresion triangl, uniformly distributed load
carriied by slab is not, transferred to lintel.If, however, the slab intersects the dispresion triangle, three type of loads are
transferred to the lintel :
1. Load W1 due the weight of masonry contained in rectangle of height h1 equal to the height of slab above the lintel.
2. Load W2 carried by slab, in alength L.
3. Load W3 due to weight of masonry contained in equilateral triangle above the slab.
The design of lintel is similar to that R.C. beam discussed in beam . The width of lintel is normally kept equal to width of wall.
The maximum B.M. M1 due to triangular load is taken as M1=WL/6 where W= total weight of masonry contained in the
equlatral triangle .The maximum B.M.M2 due to uniformly distibuted self weight w of the lintel is :M2= wL2/8
Wl
wL2
Total M=
x
\
6
8
The maximum shear will act at the edge of opening and is given by
W
wll
+
F=
2
2

Case 4

Fig 5

h2 =
Lsin 60 0
w3
slab
w2

h1

w1
L

Case 5

Fig 6

Based on R.C.C. design by B.C.Punmia example 7.3

Design of Lintel beam

Name of work:1
2
3
4
5
6

pkn

Clear Span (opening )

Wall width
Height of masonry above lintel
Unit weight of masonry
Conrete
MSteel
fy

scbc

7 Nominal Cover
8 Reinforcement
Main Bottom
Anchor bars (top )
Strirrups

2.00
0.30
3.00
19.00
20
415
7
20

mtr
mtr
mtr
kN / m3

10
8
8

mmF
mmF
mmF

2000
300

mm
mm

wt of concrete
Tensile stress
m

N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

Effective Cover

3
2
110

8 mm f 2 lgdstrips
110 mm c/c
110

kN / m3
N/mm2
mm

Nos.
Nos.
mm c/c

2000 mm

300
260

24.00
230
13.3
25

300
8 mm F 2 nos anchor
bars
110

300

300
3 nos bars
(a) L section

10

mmF

mmF top anchor bars

2 nos bars
8
mmF
1 nos bars
10
mmf 2 lgdstrips
110 mm c/c
mmF
3 nos bars
10
mmF
2 nos bars
10
8
190
mm

300
mm
(b) section at mid span
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

140
mm

300
mm
section at support

kN / m3
N/mm2
mm

190
mm

20
mm cover
140
mm
20
mm cover

Design of Lintel Beam

Clear Span (opening )
2.00 mtr
Wall width
0.30 mtr
Height of masonry above lintel
3.00 mtr
Unit weight of masonry
19.00 kN / m3
or =
Conrete
M
20
wt of concrete =
Steel
fy
415 N/mm2
Tensile stess =
Nominal cover
20 mm
Effective cover
25 mm
1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

sst =
scbc =
m

Cocrete M =

= 230 N/mm2
N/mm3
=
7
= 13.33
k=

m*c

m*c+sst
j=1-k/3 =
1
R=1/2xc x j x k
= 0.5

3
19000 N/m
3
24.00 N/m
2
230 N/mm

20

wt. of concrete

2
= 25000 N/mm

x
7

= 0.289

13.33
13.33 x

0.289

0.904

7
+

230

= 0.904
x 0.289 =

0.9130

2 Caculcation of B.M. :Let effective depth of beam

= span /10=
2
/
10 = 0.20 mtr
cover = 0.02 mtr
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.20 +2 x cover = 0.20 +
2 x 0.02 = 0.24 mtr
Let width of Beam = width of wall
= 0.30 m
or = 300 mm
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.24 x
0.30 x
1
x #### = 1800 N/m
Effective span will be the minimum of following.
1 Center to center of bearing :
Providing a bearing of
0.20 mtr
L= 2.00
+ 0.20
= 2.20 mtr
2 Clear span +effective depth : effective cover 0.025 cm ,
d=
0.24 - 0.03 =
0.22 cm.
\
L=
2.00 + 0.22 =
2.22 mtr
60 0 dispresion
Heigh of equtlateral triangle,
assuming
L
2.20
=
x
=
= 1.91 m
3
x 3
Lsin 60 0
2.00
2
This is
than the height of waLL above lintel. Hence load on the lintel will be .
equal to the weight of masonry contained in triangular portion
1
W
=(
x 2.20 x 1.91 )x( 0.30 x #### ) 11946 N
\
2
2
Max. possible Bending
WL
11946 x 2.20
1800 x( 2.20 )2= 5469 N-m
+ wL
=
+
moment =
6
8
6
8
Or
5469000 N-mm
2 Design of setion :Effective depth required
Let us take d

=
=

BM
Rxb

5469000
=
0.913 x 300
150 mm \ D =d+2xcover =
=

141 mm
150 +

x 20

= 190 mm

8 mm dia links and a nominal cover of =

10 mm Fbar will be used. With
20 mm
190 20
8
D
=
10 / 2
= 157 Hence ok.
The total depth is much less than assumed value. However recalculation is not necessary,
because self weight of lintel is compratively smaller than the super imposed load.
Assuming that

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

4 Steel Reiforcement :Ast =

BM

sst x j x D

using 10

mm bars

5469000

Area

Nomber of Bars = Ast/A

Hence Provided
3
having, Ast
Min reinforcement is given by
Taking

fy

= 175.40
0.90 x 150
3.14 x dia2
3.14 x
=
=
4 x 100
4
=
175 /
79 = 2.23
bars of
10 mm Fbar,
=
3 x
79 = 235.50
0.85
= Ast/A =
fy
0.85 x(
300 x
2
Nmm , Ast=
415
> than the design reinforcement .

230 x

415

Since actual reinforcement provided is

Bend
1 Bar at a distance = L/7
= 2.20 /
From the face of of each supports. Keep a nominal cover

mm2
10
x
say

x 10
= 79
100
=
3 No.

mm2

mm2

150 )=

92.2 mm2

Hence O.K.
7
20

= 0.30 mtr
mm

5 Check for shear and design of shear reinforcement :The reaction at wall support will be uniformly distributed over the full width
Hence the shear force will be maximum at edge of support.
W wl
11946
1800 x 2.00
Maximum V =
=
+
= 7773 N
2 2
2
2
7773
tv
=
V/bd =
= 0.173 N / mm2
300 x 150
Atb suppoprt,
100
100Ast
2
=
(
x 235.50 )'= 0.35 %
300 x 150
bd
3
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 0.35 % steel = 0.24 N/mm2
Hence only nominal reinforcement is required. Given by the relation.
0.4
Asv
>
Using 8 mm 2-ldg. Strirrups
b x sc
0.87 fy
3.14 x
8
x
8
Ast
=
2
x
= 100.5 mm2
4
x 100
2.175 x Asv x fy
Sv =
2.175 x 100.5 x 415
=
= 302 mm
b
300
0.75 x 150 = 113 < 300
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.=
Hence provide the 8 mm strirrups @ 110 mm c/c throughout.
2
x
8 mmF holding bars at top
Provide
6 Check for devlopment length at supports :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
2
Ast
=
x 235.50
= 157.0 mm2
3
M1
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcementstress sst
M1

"= Ast x jc xs st
= 230
x 157.0 x 0.904
1000000
=

7773

Alternatively, Ld
= 45F
Taking bars straight
Ls
we have, Ld =(
x'
2
1.3 xM1
L0
+
=
1.3
V
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
=
894

Ld

x
=

150

= 4.895 x

Fsst
or
4tbd

10

10 6

N-mm

x
1.6

230
= 449 mm
0.8

=
45
x
10 =
450 mm
in the support, without any hook or bend with x'
200
=
- 25.00 =
75 mm
2
4.895 x 10 6
x
+
75 = 894 mm
7773
> 449.2 Hence Code requirement are satisfied

25

mm

7 Details of reinforcement:Due the partial fixidity that may be caused at the supports, some reinforcement is
always provided at the top of the beam near the ends.Let us bend
1 bars, at the distance x1
from the support and the
2
wL
This should be 3/4 of bending moment.
B.M. at x1 =
x1- wx1
2
2
2
2
wL
3
x1- wx1
=
or
x wl
\
2
2
4
8
0.25 x
this give
= 0.25L =
2150 = 537.5 mm or
0.54 meter
however, bend 1st bars 0.50 meter from supports
The remaining bars shall be taken straight into supports. Drawing showing longitudinal x section
and cross section of beam.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Design of Lintel beam

8 mm F 2 - lgd strirrups @ 110 mm c/c
2 - 8

mm F anchor bars

110

300

3 -

110

10 mm F bars

300

2000
300
mm

190
mm

8 mm F
anchor bars

2 -

mm F bars
20 mm

8 mm F
2 Lgd strirrups
@ 110 mm c/c

260
150 mm

20 mm

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

3 - 10 mm F bars
Section at mid span

# - 8 mm F bars
section at support

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

scbc N/mm2
m scbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

(a) sst =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.89
0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

(b) sst =
190
N/mm2
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

tc.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete
tbd (N / mm2)

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.19
0.21
0.2
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.2
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.29
0.22
0.3
0.23
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.36
0.25
0.37
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.4
0.26
0.41
0.27
0.42
0.27
0.43
0.27
0.44
0.28
0.45
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.48
0.29
0.49
0.29
0.5
0.30
0.51
0.30
0.52
0.30
0.53
0.30
0.54
0.30
0.55
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.57
0.31
0.58
0.31
0.59
0.31
0.6
0.32
0.61
0.32
0.62
0.32

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66

0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concreteM-10
-tbd (N / mm2)

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of
concrete

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm 2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

Bending acbc
Direct (acc)
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

00)
M-50
1.4