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PIC C programing
Chapter 2 bates c
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The CCS compiler
The CCS compiler uses ANSI standard syntax
and structures.
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The essential source code components
#include " 16F877A.h " // MCU header file
void main() // Main block start
{
statements;
}
contains information
about library functions
such as what rgument(s)
the function accepts and
what argument (s) the
function returns or the
location of registers for a
specific PIC
Every program must
have a main function
which can appear only
once.
all code which follows
must be placed within a
pair of braces { }
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The essential source code
components-2
#include " 16F877A.h " // MCU header file
void main() // Main block start
{
statements;
}
tells the compiler to
incorporate the
header file for the PIC
Comments can be enclosed
between slash/star (/*...*/) control
characters or can follow a double
slash (//), in which case the
comment is terminated with a line
return.
All statements are
terminated with a
semicolon.
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output_x (value)
OUTPUT_B(0xf0);
OUTPUT_C(data);
Examples:
Nothing Requires
Output an entire byte to a port. Function:
value :is a 8 bit int, or 0-255 Parameters:
A,B,C,D,E
MOVLW 0xf0
MOVWF PORTB
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output_x ()
example
#include " 16F877A.h " // MCU header file
void main() // Main block start
{
output_D(255); // Switch on outputs
}
MOVLW 0xff
BCF 0x3, 0x5
MOVWF 0x6
SLEEP
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PIC16 C Program Basics_ Variables
a label attached to the memory location where the
variable value is stored.
automatically assigned to the next available location .
name and type must be declared at the start of the
program block,
values are in decimal by default;
Only alphanumeric characters and underscore, can be
used.
key words in C, must not be used as variable names.
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Variables example
#include " 16F877A.h "
void main()
{
int x;
x = 99;
output_D(x) ;
}
Variable type: int (0-255)
Variable name: x
Assign a value to variable
x
Default is decimal
// Display the value in
binary
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PIC16 C Program Basics_ looping
// Program function: Outputs variable count
------------------------------------------------------------------
#include " 16F877A.h "
void main()
{ int x; // Declare variable
while(1) // Loop endlessly
{ output_D(x); // Display value
x ++ ; // Increment value
}
}
The block is
executed if the
value, or result of
the expression, in
the parentheses is
not zero.
Write the assembly equivalent
instructions
Loop:
Movf x,0
Movwf portd
Incf x
Goto loop
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value = input (pin)
Function: This function returns the state of the
indicated pin.
Returns:
0 (or FALSE) if the pin is low,
1 (or TRUE) if the pin is high
Requires: Pin constants are defined in the
16F877A.h file
#define PIN_A0 40
#define PIN_A1 41
#define PIN_A2 42
#define PIN_A3 43
#define PIN_A4 44
#define PIN_A5 45
#define PIN_B0 48
#define PIN_B1 49
#define PIN_B2 50
#define PIN_B3 51
#define PIN_B4 52
#define PIN_B5 53
#define PIN_B6 54
#define PIN_B7 55
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input (pin): examples
Example1:
while ( !input(PIN_B1) );
Example2:
while ( !input(PIN_A3) )
{ output_d(128); }
waits for B1 to go high
Note the ;
Keep sending 128 to
PORTD while RA3=0
Note NO ;
Draw the flowchart
RA3=0?
PORTD=128
Y
N
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output_high (pin)

Pin constants are defined in the 16F877A.h file
Requires
Sets a given pin to the high state. Function:
Example:
while (input(PIN_A3) )
{output_high(PIN_A0);}
Keep setting RA0 while
RA3=1
RA3=1?
RA0=1
Y
N
Draw the flowchart
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PIC16 C Program Basics_ Decision Making
void main()
{
int x; // Declare variable
output_D(0); // Clear all outputs
while(1) // Loop always
{
x = input(PIN_C0); // Get input state
if(x = = 1)output_high(PIN_D0);
}
}
if(input(PIN_C0))output_high(PIN_D0);
RC0=1?
RD0=1
N
PORTD=00
Read RC0 to X
Draw the flowchart
Re-write the statement
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output_LOW(pin)

Pin constants are defined in the 16F877A.h file
Requires
Sets a given pin to the low state. Function:
Example:
while (!input(PIN_C3) )
{output_low(PIN_D0);}
Keep RD0 low while
RC3=0
RC3=0?
RD0=0
Y
N
Draw the flowchart
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output_bit (pin, value)
Function: Outputs the specified value
(0 or1) to the specified I/O pin.
Requires: Pin constants are defined in the
16F877A.h file
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output_bit (pin, value) examples
output_bit( PIN_B0, 0);
output_bit( PIN_D0,input( PIN_B1 ) );
output_low(pin_B0);
Write statement /statements that sends
the data read on RB1 to RD0
Re-write the statement
int x;
x= input(pin_b1);
output_bit(pin_d0,x);