Universidade Federal do Cear Centro de Humanidades Departamento de Letras Estrangeiras Disciplina: Morfossintaxe da Lngua Inglesa Docente: Fabola Vasconcelos

Lopes Discentes: Gabriela Jaguaribe e Gabriela Maia

The subjectification of saber to know and the emergence of discourse markers Agripino S. Silveira Grammaticization Grammaticization is a process whereby a construction, with lexical items in it, becomes automated and assumes a more grammatical function than former (Bybee 2006).

Subjectification Subjectivity is the expression and the representation of a speakers standpoint in discourse, i.e. their opinions, attitudes, and feelings toward a proposition (Finegan 1995; Scheibman 2001, 2002; Traugott 1995, 1997, 2003). Therefore, a construction or word when considered subjective has undergone subjectification (Silveira 2009). Company Company (2007) points out the characteristics associated with subjectification: o o o o o o The form tends to occur in the same tense and mood The temporal and modal meaning are completely weakened The form can take neither complements nor subjects The form no longer behaves like a verb The form conveys a highly subjective meaning The form appears completely isolated, unable to relate to other forms

Discourse Markers [] constructions used to perform discourse functions in relation to what has been said and what will be said in discourse (Brinton, 1990; Fraser, 1999; Schiffrin, 2001; Traugott & Dasher, 2002; Travis, 2005).

 Saber to know as a discourse marker o Sei (I) know o No/num sei (I) dont know o Sabe (you) know

References Bybee, Joan. 2003. Mechanisms of change in grammaticization: The role of frequency. In B. D. Joseph and J. Janda (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 602-623. Finegan, Edward. Subjectivity and subjectivisation: an introduction. In: Stein, Dieter and Wright, Susan, eds. Subjectivity and subjectivisation: linguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 1-13. Silveira, Agripino S. The subjectification of saber to know and the emergence of discourse markers. In: Nogueira, Mrcia T. and Lopes, Fabola V., eds. Modo e Modalidade: gramtica, discurso e interao. Fortaleza: Edies UFC, 2011, pp. 189221. Zarei, Fatemeh (2013). Discourse markers in English. [Online]. (URL http://www.irjabs.com/files_site/paperlist/r_619_130201080356.pdf). Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 4 (1), 107-117. (Accessed 26 March 2014)