The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual All you need to become an Oa cue ented ‘Second Ecition By Ward Siver, NOAX Contibuting Edltor Mark Wigon, <1FO. ARAL Education Services Manager Debra Johnson, KIDM Production Staff | Maty Weinberg, KBIEIE, Editorial Assistant David Pingree, NINAS, Senior Technical hustrator: \Jodl Morin, KATJPA, Assistant Production Supervisor: Layout ‘Sue Fagan, KB1OKW, Grapic Design Supervisor: Cover Design Michelle Bloom, WE1ENT, Production Supervisor: Layout Front Cover Pho (tion gts. Korysyne Keane KISEA ARRL iiaicinnizic~ 225 Man Skee, Newingn CT 0611-1484Comrigo2010b7 appetite Pasoan ‘eres tym Airigeeatvanaiton se reseed “This book may be used for Tecinician license exams given beginning July 1, 2010. (QST and the ARAL Web site (wwmarrorg) will have news ‘about any rules changes affecting the Technician cass license ‘or any ofthe material n this book. ‘We strive fo produce books wihout errors. Sometimes ‘mistakes do occur, however. When we become aware of problems in our books (other than obvious typographical fr7ors), we post corrections on the ARAL Web site. I you think you have found an error, please check www.art.org! hham-radio-license-manual for corrections. I you don find a correction there, please let us know, ether using the Feedback Form at the back ofthis book or by sending e-mail to pubsfabk@arrl.org,Contents Foreword When to Expect New Books The Adventure Begins Your Invitation to ARRL Membership How to Use this Book Welcome to Amateur Radio 1.1 Whatis Amateur Radio? 1.2 The FCC and Licensing 1.3 Amateur Radio Activities 1.4 Getting Your Ham Radio License Radio and Signals Fundamentals 24° Radio Signals and Waves 22 Modulation 23 — Radio Equipment Basics Electricity, Components, and Circuits 34° Electricity 32 Components and Units 83° Types of Radios and Radio Circuits Propagation, Antennas, and Feed Lines. 41 Propagation 42 Antenna Fundamentals 43 Feed Lines and SWR 44 Practical Antenna Sy Amateur Radio Equipment 5.1 Transmitters and Receivers. 52 Digital Communications 53 Power Supplies and Batteries 54 RF Interference (RFI) 55 RF Grounding 3150 1" ‘Communicating With Other Hams 6.1 Contact Basics 62 BandPlans 6.3 Making Contacts 64 Using Repeaters 65 Nets 68 Emergency Communiestions 67 Special Activities, Modes and Techniques Licensing Regulations 71 Licensing Terms 7.2 Working with the FCC 73 Bands and Privileges 74 International Rules 75 Call Signs Operating Regulations Control Operators 82° ldemttcation 83 Interference 84 Third-Party Communications 15 Remote and Automatic Operation 86 Prohibited Transmissions ‘91 Electrical Safety 92 RF Exposure 93. Mechanical Safety 18 Exam Question Pool Syllabus SubelementT1 - FCC Rules ‘SubelementT2 - Operating Procedures ‘SubelementT3 - Radio Waves: ‘Subelement 4 ~ Amatour Radio Practices ‘Subelement TS ~ Electrical Principles ‘Subelement TS — Electrical Components Subelement T7 ~ Station Equipment Subelement T@ - Operating Activities and Modes SubelementT9 - Antennas & Feed Lines. Subelement T0 - Safety Supplement — Choosing a Ham Radio ‘Amateur Radio Vendor Advertisements ot eat 65 628 629 m4 710 716 748 et aa 810 en on os on m4 13 11-45 21 1427 131 11-99 11-48 1158 1166 41-70Foreword Welsometothe diverse group fin vduss who make wp AmsteurRao! Thre are earl 700.00 snaters, "hes" ‘nthe Unto States lone nd 3.00,00 around th words cone rma wl il ages nd every comin as areal communi without regard the geographic an poitial bares that oe spre humanity This isthe power of Amateur Ragio— to communicate with each ther rely, without ay cher commer goverment ‘Anutear Radio was bom along with ado ise. Marcon the the of rai, considered hrs“ amateur” and many ofthe wieess technologies nt systems we ake for rate tay bal their orgs inthe workshops a imaginations of ‘snc. Governments make too for Amateur Rado whe alba spectrum iallcated Beans they Know ad espet the exit an inventiveness of hams as wells the mses een ability to inmovate rn spin he ace of emergencies ad disasters ams came to Amateur Rao fom many walks of life and may eee. Perhaps you nto wo provide emergeacy cmmuniatos for yourself and yout communi Techical expernetton might he our ines or you might De one ofthe burgeoning “do-tyoursel community,dsoverng he pleasie foiling, esting, wing and leaning Making new frends vate rai, sping in ouch s you travel of exploring where a witless sig can tke you these real. ‘aluale an valved part ofthe Amateur servic ‘time-honored ham tration sta of helping newcomers laura about the ways ad lls of Amateur Rao. These halpes — known a “Emer” by ther hans — are everywhere, You ae lot cerily ner another ham ad pebby ment am ao lb! They lly ep you get stad. There's ae eforation in Chapter ¥ about connecting with ‘hem If yo eed asistance, the staff here at ARRL Headers wl emo that pp 4 el. [As you read hs book geting ey ops your ist a ado essing exam you wl find hat ee 3 0¢ oes ‘mail ha jos the answers to exam questions. Tha’ the ARRL nay of ging the extra it elp yo fear shoot Amateur Rao. Of, By and Forthe Amateur” isthe ARRL' ato By providing iets information, we hep yo ear ‘he “why” behind each question so that you ar prepared when ey gen the at Ke ths ook hanya eltence ‘oe yom understand how tam radio "wos" and youl have mote fun and be amore effective operate, Most tive radi sates inthe Lie Sater te ARRL rr, Thay rele ht sine 914 the ARRL ring, ‘sponsorship of activities and representation bth ational nd interationaly are second to none. The book youre rea Ing m0, The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual is justo of ty pbications forall eel altri in Arata Radi. You don't ned alcens to jon the ARK —jas be interested Auteur Rado sd we ate intrested in ou 1s simple shat! David Summ, KIZZ. Chie Executive Otcr ‘Newington, Connstiat Marc 2010, New Han Desk Propose now antes al: {30-32-NEW-HAM (800-326-3942) You can also conact s vse sil newham@arrLorg or cheek oat ARREMebs worwartang Nevington, CT 05111-1454 (360) 5940200The Adventure Begins! ee een ona POTTS etal est ees Pe eee ee Cn Te eta ee eRe er Tn on AARRL _ the National Association for Amateur Radio: What's i 4 Help for New Hams: Ave you sein him ooking forty ingeing rte? Tobe st ARRLHQ sn Newington, ‘Comer wile plad ae you Call S0032-NEWHAM NRRL tminans «compucr daa ase of hm cuts an ha fat “helper” from acres he cour ioe sl shee Inroted npn bein hans Tee ar probaly sever 1 Licensing Cases If 0 going n Become 8 ha, sowie ical ess ena oppuat) soca ARAL Repstred Init wh Herang eles round Recon ad ARRL sponsor Winer Ecsinesae ght tReet sdinister our kame To te sine a dts of ‘iti Now Ham Desk 80 32-NEWHARL ‘Chae: Asa begining ham, os fhe best moves you can make on eal am cht Wher ou in a Mound soup ott speci erst cab (epeats, DXng and ono make new fae hve le of oa Yu wpm realy mare fam rai towed ad expense, Toi the ha in your aes call H's New Harn Desk 4 Technical lformaton Serve: Do youve aqueion a esha tre What a des 1 Canta Teh SalntaraonSovie( TS}arQ Ouest ees Sillep ouverte ye, snd yesspecienteratononyour ‘Regulatory Information: Neosho withthe soning robe? Hing boule unsacig 2 FCC reas ‘ia? ating at 2 enue plc and int to kos Ba {sperms a cpert sourkan aio ere? O's Regular, {Steaoion och athe swe you ee! 1 Operating Arad: Lite to lst walpaper"? The ARR spss avi ty of este sad Aru Radio ‘Zhiscent seals Po ifoatio tars you an iy Ferconac bie Membership Sees Deparment 5 HQ, 1 tulpment Hsarance: Insurance is aril protect you fm to sage oor arate San, aren and occupier ypesig el scent fre od omado + Amateur Rado Emergency Service: If you it stl nreviding pbc sre neers For your community you en join nar us 28.00 eter ars Who hn ptr te ommietons expats wih o- ‘ARES members for vial assistance if disaster shoul ste your ‘Sumy. Coot the Feld Services Depron! 1 HO for al O57. he sou fo ht information, eve wheal fim een eviews, project, Pabe Servis Hapenings The ARRL as publishes sealer and doesn of books covering al spss Arster Ratio, Our Headguarrsston, STTAW. anos ultise interest domes ang More ‘sin oor pation capital, ARRL's tam a Washingson, DC is ‘Sooty working withthe PEC Coagressandindty ope ‘tose your epee tesco dnp. Weel be bgp welcome dousa Menir Use he ivtion wo Mere this bok {Doin today nd detest o conc at 04 have any