Development of Surfaces

Chapter-14
M. S. Dasgupta, BITS Pilani

What is development?

Learning Objectives
1. To learn the theory and principals of development. Applications of development.

2.

Theory of Development

Any solid can be enclosed in a wrapper of thin material. If this wrapper is opened out at folding edges and laid on a flat plane, the flattened out sheet metal is the development of complete surfaces of the solid. The development includes the lateral surfaces as well as base surfaces. Thus, when surfaces of a solid are laid out on a plane, the successive surfaces of the object are called its development.

Important Points about Development

Every line on the development must be the true length of the corresponding edge on the surface. The flat surface of prisms and pyramids, and single curved surfaces like cones and cylinders can be accurately developed. However, double curved surfaces like the surface of the sphere cannot be accurately developed. A sphere can be approximately developed by dividing it into number of parts. Usually, only the lateral surfaces of the solids are developed and the ends or bases are omitted from the developments. The bases can be easily incorporated whenever required.

Methods of Development

1)

Parallel Line Development

2) Radial Line Development

Example: Parallel Line Development

CYLINDER

Example: Parallel Line Development

HEXAGONAL PRISM

Example: Radial Line Development

CONE

Example: Radial Line Development

HEXAGONAL PYRAMID

OD is true length as od is parallel to XY

Model Solution-1

(Step-1)

A Pentagonal prism having base-edge 100 mm and height 175 mm is standing on its base on the ground with one face perpendicular to VP. It is cut by an AIP 30o to the ground and cutting the perpendicular surface at a point 50 mm below the top base in the FV. Draw development of lateral surfaces of the remaining solid.

Model Solution-1

(Step-2)

AA as starting location and developed counterclockwise (CCW) so that outer surface is visible

Model Solution-1

(Various other possibilities)

Case-1 Starting point A, CW opening direction Case-2 Starting point B, CCW opening direction Case-3 Starting point C, CCW opening direction Case-4 Starting point D, CCW opening direction

2, 3, 4 are all correct solution if starting point is not specified in question

Model Solution-2
A cone having base-diameter 200 mm and height 175 mm is standing on its base on the ground. It is cut by an AIP 30o to the ground and passing through a point on the axis 100 mm below apex. Draw development of the remaining solid.

Model Solution-2

(Stepwise solution)

Development of Lateral Surfaces

Figure shows a hollow crucible as well as its orthographic views (TV, FV and RSV). Draw a development of lateral as well as base surfaces.

Development of Lateral Surfaces

Continued