K.S.

R COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
TIRUCHENGODE

CLOUD COMPUTING

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B.Elangovan.. C.Sankarasubra manian..

Final-IT

9786973680
Mailid:elangoit08

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Abstract: The term, cloud computing, has become one of the latest buzzwords in the IT industry. Cloud computing is an innovative approach that leverages existing IT infrastructure to optimize compute resources and manage data and computing workloads. . Cloud computing promises to increase the velocity with which applications are deployed, increase innovation, and lower costs, all while increasing business agility. cloud computing that allows it to support every facet, including the server, storage, network, and virtualization technology that drives cloud computing environments to the software that runs in virtual appliances that can be used to assemble applications in minimal time. The market-based resource management that cloud computing transforms the way we design, build, and deliver applications, and the architectural considerations that enterprises must make when adopting and using cloud computing technology. Keywords: Cloud Computing, ata Centers, !tility Computing, "irtualization, #ervice $evel %greements &#$%s' (eb #ervices. storing and securing immense amounts of data that is accessible only by authorized applications and users to use applications on the Internet while providing a service * anything Introduction: including email, sales force automation and tax Computing is preparation. It can be being transformed to a using a storage cloud to model consisting of hold application, business, services based on their and personal data and it re)uirements without can be the ability to use a regard to where the handful of (eb services to services are hosted or how integrate photos, maps. they are delivered. Cloud since cloud applications computing can be the may be crucial to the core ability to rent a server or a business operations of the thousand servers and run consumers, it is essential on the most powerful that the consumers have systems available guarantees from providers anywhere. It can be on service delivery.

Typically, these are provided through #ervice $evel %greements &#$%s' brokered between the providers and consumers. +ecent advances in microprocessor technology and software have led to the increasing ability of commodity hardware to run applications within "irtual ,achines &",s' efficiently. ",s allow both the isolation of applications from the underlying hardware and other ",s. Cloud com!uting c"aracteristics: and

little or no upfront cost. /ther benefits of this time sharing-style approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead, and immediate access to a broad range of applications. In general, users can terminate the contract at any time &thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty', and the services are often covered by service level agreements &#$%s' with financial penalties. Architecture: Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services. This closely resembles the !nix philosophy of having multiple programs each doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems

-% Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers.. Cloud com!uting users can avoid capital expenditure on hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use. Consumption is usually billed on a utility or subscription basis with

are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts. Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers

and0or software applications access cloud applications.

#rinci!les o$ Arc"itecture:

Cloud

%. Integrated Ecosystem &anagem $or Cloud: 1or "endors, 2artners and 3nd users. '. (irtuali)ation $or Cloud In$rastructure: ,aintain 4ardware and software resources availability in dynamic, on-demand manner. *. Service +rientation $or Common ,eusable Com!onents:

Cloud com!uting arc"itecture 2resent reusable components as (eb #ervices -. E.tensible #rovisioning and Subscri!tion $or Clouds: 4ow Cloud users easily access services. 4ow cloud service provides 2rovision services. 5. Con$igurable Enablement $or Cloud +$$erings: Cloud offering levels&#aa#, Iaa#, or 2aa#'.

/. 0ni$ied In$ormation ,e!resentation and E.c"ange Framework: 4ow different Cloud 3ntities 3xchange ,essages. 1. Cloud 2uality and 3overnance: +eliability, #ecurity, 5illing 6etc Cloud com!uting in$rastructure models:

% hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and0or external providers -will be typical for most enterprises-. % hybrid cloud can describe configuration combining a local device, such as a #lug com!uter with cloud services. It can also describe configurations combining virtual and physical, collocated assets. *. #rivate cloud 2rivate cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These products claim to -deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls-, capitalizing on data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns. Ty!es o$ services: #ervices provided by cloud computing can be split into three ma7or categories %. In$rastructure-as-aService 5IaaS6: Infrastructure-as-a#ervice like %mazon (eb

%. #ublic cloud: 2ublic cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a finegrained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web a!!lications0web services, from an off-site third-party provider who s"ares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility com!uting basis.

'. 4ybrid cloud:

#ervices provides virtual servers with uni)ue I2 addresses and blocks of storage on demand. Customers benefit from an %2I from which they can control their servers. 5ecause customers can pay for exactly the amount of service they use, like for electricity or water, this service is also called utility computing. '. #lat$orm-as-a-Service 5#aaS6: 2latform-as-a#ervice is a set of software and development tools hosted on the provider8s servers. evelopers can create applications using the provider8s %2Is. 9oogle %pps is one of the most famous 2latform-asa-#ervice providers. evelopers should take notice that there aren8t any interoperability standards &yet', so some providers may not allow you to take your application and put it on another platform. *. So$tware-as-a-Service 5SaaS6:

#oftware-as-a#ervice is the broadest market. In this case the provider allows the customer only to use its applications. The software interacts with the user through a user interface. These applications can be anything from web based email, to applications like Twitter . &arket-+riented Cloud: ,arket-oriented resource management is necessary to regulate the supply and demand of Cloud resources to achieve market e)uilibrium &where supply : demand', providing feedback in terms of economic incentives for both Cloud consumers and providers, and mechanisms that differentiate service re)uests based on their utility.

&arket-oriented cloud arc"itecture 7orking: ;%.0sers8Brokers< !sers or brokers acting on their behalf submit service re)uests from anywhere in the world to the ata Center and Cloud to be processed. ;'.S9A ,esource Allocator< The #$% +esource %llocator acts as the interface between the ata Center0Cloud service provider and external users0brokers. *. #ricing: The 2ricing mechanism decides how service re)uests are charged. 2ricing serves as a basis for managing the supply and demand of computing resources within the ata Center. -. Accounting: The %ccounting mechanism maintains the actual usage of resources by re)uests so that the final cost can be computed and charged to the users. :. (& &onitor: The ", ,onitor mechanism keeps track of the availability of ",s and their resource entitlements. /. ;is!atc"er:

The ispatcher mechanism starts the execution of accepted service re)uests on allocated ",s. 1. Service ,e<uest &onitor: The #ervice +e)uest ,onitor mechanism keeps track of the execution progress of service re)uests. =. (&s< ,ultiple ",s can be started and stopped ondemand on a single physical machine to meet accepted service re)uests, hence providing maximum flexibility to configure various partitions of resources on the same physical machine to different specific re)uirements of service re)uests. >. #"ysical &ac"ines< The ata Center comprises multiple computing servers that provide resources to meet service demands. 3lobal Cloud E.c"ange and &arkets: The market directory allows participants to locate providers or consumers

with the right offers. The banking system ensures that financial transactions pertaining to agreements between participants are carried out. 5rokers perform mediate between consumers and providers by buying capacity from the provider and subleasing these to the consumers. % broker can accept re)uests from many users who have a choice of submitting their re)uirements to different brokers. Consumers, brokers and providers are bound to their re)uirements and related compensations through #$%s. %n #$% specifies the details of the service to be provided in terms of metrics agreed upon by all parties, and penalties for meeting and violating the expectations, respectively. #uch markets can bridge disparate Clouds allowing consumers to choose a provider that suits their re)uirements by either executing #$%s in advance or by buying capacity on the spot. 2roviders can use the markets in order to perform effective capacity planning.

3lobal Cloud e.c"ange and market in$rastructure $or trading services . re)uired for

Bene$its o$ Cloud Com!uting: Agility improves with users ability to rapidly and inexpensively reprovision technological infrastructure resources. Cost is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. 2ricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT skills are

implementation. ;evice and location inde!endence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using &e.g., 2C, mobile &ulti-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for< o Centrali)at ion o #eak-load ca!acity o 0tili)ation and e$$iciency

,eliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes cloud computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Scalability via dynamic provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, selfservice basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Security could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels. Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient systems, and carbon neutrality. &aintenance cloud computing applications are easier to maintain, since they don8t have to be installed

on each user8s computer. Increased Storage +rgani)ations can store more data than on private computer systems. Fle.ibility Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past isolated computing methods. &ore Mobility: 3mployees can access information wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks.

Clients: % cloud client consists of com!uter "ardware and0or com!uter so$tware that relies on cloud computing for example<

,obile - 2alm 2re(eb=s $inux >ernel, %ndroid$inux >ernel, i2hone- arwin >ernel, Microsoft based - (indows ,obile' Thin client &Cherry2al, (yse, ?onbu, g/#-based systems' Thick client 0 (eb browser &Internet 3xplorer, ,ozilla 1irefox, 9oogle Chrome, (eb>it'

Servers: The servers layer consists of computer hardware and0or computer software products for example<

1abric computing .

A!!lication % cloud application leverages cloud computing in software architecture, often eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer8s own computer, thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. 1or example<

2eer-to-peer 0 volunteer computing &5/I@C, #kype' (eb applications &(ebmail, 1ace book, Twitter, Aou Tube, Aammer' #ecurity as a service &,essage $abs, 2ure wire, #can #afe, ?scaler' #oftware as a service &9oogle %pps' 2latform #ervices o Identity &/%uth, /penI ' o +eal-world &%mazon

,echanical Turk' #olution stacks o Bava &9oogle %pp 3ngine' o 242 &+ackspace Cloud #ites' o 2ython 7ango &9oogle %pp 3ngine' o +uby on +ails &3ngine Aard, 4eroku' #torage C#tructuredD o atabases &%mazon #imple 5, 5ig Table' o Eueues &%mazon #E#'

Conclusion: Cloud computing is a new and promising paradigm delivering IT services as computing utilities. %s Clouds are designed to provide services to external users, providers need to be compensated for sharing their resources and capabilities. In this paper,

we have proposed architecture for marketoriented allocation of resources within Clouds. (e have discussed some representative platforms for Cloud computing covering the state-of-theart. %s Cloud platforms become ubi)uitous, we expect the need for internetworking them to create a market oriented global Cloud exchange for trading services. #everal challenges need to be addressed to realize this vision. They include< market-maker for bringing service providers and consumersF market registry for publishing and discovering Cloud service providers and their servicesF clearing house and brokers for mapping service re)uests to providers who can meet Eo# expectationsF and payment management and accounting infrastructure for trading services. 1inally, we need to address regulatory and legal issues, which go beyond technical issues.