SCHEME FOR ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL URINE

EXPERIMENT
1.BENEDICTS TEST
Take 5 ml of Benedicts
qualitative reagent in C.T.T add 1ml
abnormal urine & heat up to boil.

2. PROTEIN TEST:
(COAGULATION TEST)
Take 2/3 ml of Abnormal urine then
add few drops of acetic acid then heat
upper part of test tube. Now compare
upper & lower.

3. BENZINE TEST:
(TEST FOR BLOOD)
Take 3 knife points of Benzidine
powder in clean test tube then add 1
ml of acetic acid & add 2 ml of
Hydrogen per oxide (H2 O2 ) & divide
it in to two equal parts.
(a) Add 2 ml of urine
(b) Add 2 ml of Distil water

4. GAMELLINS TEST:
(TEST FOR BILE PIGMENTS)
Take a white paper & soaked it in
urine then add few drops of Nitric
acid on the paper.

5. ROTHERS TEST:
(TEST FOR KETONE BODIES)
Take 10 ml with abnormal urine &
saturate with ammonium sulphate
then add 2 ml sodium Nitropruside &
1ml of strong Ammonia and shake
well.

6. HAYS TEST:
(TEST FOR BILE SALTS)

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE

Green, Yellow, Orange, red

colour appeared
(Reason formation of Cuprous
Oxide)

Glucose is present.

coagulation occurs
(Reason Denaturation of
Protein)

Solution contains protein.

Blue color appeared.

Hb Catalytically decomposes
Hydrogen peroxide their by
liburated oxygen which are dizo
Benzidine to a blue or green
delivatives

Blood is present.

Multi colors appeared.

(Nitric Acid HNO3) Oxydises
Biliribin (yellow), Biliverdin
(green) and bilicyanin (blue), so
multi colour appears.

Bile pigments are present.

If permanganate color is
appeared.
(Nitropruside alkaline solution
reacts with Ketone group to
form purple colour ).

Ketone bodies are present.

( Sulphur powder is settled

down.
Due to decreased Surface
tension of the urine).

Take full test tube with abnormal

urine then sprinkle the sulphur
powder above the surface of test tube.

Bile salts are present.

SOME SIGNIFICANT QUESTION REGARDING ABNORMAL / NORMAL URINE ANALYSIS

1. What is the Significance of Urinanalysis?

29. How can we detect presence of Sugar

(glucose) in urine?
30. Name the condition in which Glucosuria
is found?
31. What are the substance other than
glucose which give positive Benedicts
test?
32. What is the normal range of the
excretion of glucose in urine per 24
hours ?
33. What is Glycosuria?

2. How we will collect urine specimen?

3. How can we examine urine the laboratory?
4. Why we collect first voided morning
specimen?
5. What properties we observe in physical
examination?
6. What substances we examine under
microscope?
7. What substances we examine chemically?

34. What is Melituria?

8. How much urine is excreted per day?

35. What are the types of Glycosurias?

9. What is Polyuria?

36. What is hyperglycemic Glycosuria?

10. What are the causes of Polyuria?

37. What is Alimentary Glycosuria?

11. What is Ologuria?

38. What is Nervous or emotional

Glycosuria?
39. Which types of endocrine disorders
produce Glycosuria?
40. What are renal Glycosurias?

12. What is Anuria?

13. What is urinary retention?
14. What are the causes of Oliguria?
15. Which drugs can change the colour of urine?
16. In which condition urinary specific gravity is
increased?
17. In which condition urinary specific gravity is
decreased?
18. What Abnormal constituents may be present
in urine?
19. What test is used for detection of Proteinuria?
20. What are the condition which causes
Proteinuria?
21. What is Orthostatic or Postural Proteinuria?
22. What is false Proteinuria?
23. What are the methods used for detection of
Ketone Bodies?

41. Which test is used for detection of Bile

Salts?
42. Name the Bile Salts?
43. What are the conditions in which Bile
Salts appear in urine?
44. What are Bile Pigments?
45. What methods are used for detection of
Bile Pigments?
46. What is the principle of Fouchets test?
47. What is the principle of the Gemelins
test?
48. In which condition Bilirubin appears in
urine?
49. What is Haematuria?
50. What is Haemoglobinuria?

24. Which test is used for detection of Ketone

Bodies?
25. What is the principle of the test?

51. Which test is used for detection of

Haematuria?
52. What are the principle of Benzidine
test?
53. In which condition black urine is
excreted?
54. Name the condition of Hoemoglobinuria

26. Name the Ketone Bodies?

27. What is Ketonuria?
28. In which condition Ketone bodies appear in
urine?

55. What is the causes of Haematuria?