Significant Terms and Concepts for Latin America Exam II

Progressivism o The advance of progress Neocolonialism o Influencing a country through various means o Rise of export and trade Nationalism o A sense of national identity Caudillo o A patron who is in charge Leaders of the country o Strongmen of the day Patron o Influential o Typically a big land owner Peon o Depended on the patron economically and politically Juan Manuel de Rosas o Dictator of Argentina o Was able to relate to the people o Overthrown and seeks exile in Europe End up in england Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna o Self proclaimed napoleon of the west o Mexican hero o General o President of Mexico 11 times o Ejected in 1855 Dr. Jos Gaspar Rodrguez de Francia o Required his people to call him Il Supremo o Paraguay Dictator o Everything European was bad Isolationism o Developed what resources they had Costumbrismo o Style of art that celebrates global customs Pedro II o Son of Pedro King of Portugal o Becomes ruler of brazil at age 14 o Was liked by the people Mexican War o Fought between mexico and America America wins and gets control of half of Mexican territory now the southwest US o Started as a border dispute US annexed Texas o General Winfield Scott Replace Taylor as commanding general of American forces in the war

Zachary Taylor Replace by Scott as commanding general of the American forces in the Mexican war Elected president o Alamo Mexican army defeated the citizens that were defending it Killed them all o Republic of Texas Defeated the Mexican army and declared independence Declared themselves independent in 1836 o Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Ended the war between mexico and the United states US gained control of half of mexicos territory bought SW US Set the border between us and mexico o Gadsden Purchase Bought parts of Arizona and new mexico from Mexico Due to railroad Ultramontanism o Conservative Catholics reaction against liberalism Juan Alvarez o President of mexico Benito Jurez o From Zapotec o Becomes president of Mexico o Levels citizenship o Exiled to new orlands Returns to help with government o Suspends payments to European countries o French attempt to takeover the country Ignancio Zaragosza o Leader of Mexican forces during the French invasion o Mexican forces win over the French forces Battle of Puebla o Victory for mexico Maximilian I o Becomes emperor of mexico o Supported by the French o Overthrown and Juarez returns o Executed by firing squad Filibustering o someone goes into an area and tries to bring the area under the control of their country William Walker o Tries to take over Baja California for the US Gets chased out and aquited o Takes over Nicaragua Ousted by the US Navy o Britts Capture him and hand him over to Nicaragua executed

Porfirio Diaz o Served as president of mexico Dictator o Oppressed the native people despite being one of them o Sold oil and silver mining interests to foreign investors o Ruled through his mounted police o Cientificos Was Diazs cabinet Antonio the Counselor o Religious leader o Formed a community that rebelled against the governemtn Euclides da Cunha o Engineer with the Brazilian army o The Backlands Book about the uncivilized areas of brazil Spanish-American War o Liberate people from spain o Sinking of the USS Maine o US gains control of the Philippines and Puerto rico Panama o Created with the help of the US navy From Colombia US wanted to buy the rights to build the canal Panama Canal Zone o Created over 10 years o Sold to us by the French Platt Amendment o Withdrawal of US troops from Cuba o Created Guantanamo bay naval base HayBunau-Varilla Treaty o Sold the panama canal zone to US Francisco Madera o Raised an army o Defeates Diaz in Mexico o Overthrown my mexian military in 1913 o killed Emiliano Zapata o Followers called Zapatistas o Leader in the Mexican revolution of 1911 Pancho Villa o General in the Mexican revolution Commander of the north Constitution of 1917 o mexican Institutional Party o Land reform o Chuch/state o Education o Main party in mexico till 21st century Diego Rivera

Painter Mostly murals Frida Kahlo de Rivera o Wife of Diego o painter Juan and Eva Duarte Pern o Argentina dictator o Overthrown by military o Eva is wife loved by people Getllio Dornelles Vargas o Leader of brazil o Committed suicide o Workers rights o Ruled through secret police Estada Novo o New state Organization of American States Rio Pact o NATO of the western hemisphere Declaration of Caracas o Any communist movement is to be perceived as a foreign involvment U. S. Supported Dictators o Trujillo Dominican republic o Somoza Nicaragua o Papa Doc Haiti o Jimenez Venezuela o Not nice ppl Gautemalen Intervention o Overthrew the government through proxy force bc they looked communist Ernesto Che Guevera o Did not like how the us was treating latin america Fulgencio Batista o Leader of cuba overthrown by Castro Fidel Castro o Exiled o Comes back and overthrows Batista Battle of Santa Clara o Defeats the army of Batista who then flees to Dominican republic Bay of Pigs Invasion o Fail invasion supported by the US to overthrow Castro Cuban Missile Crisis o High point of tensions between US and Russia Julian Martel o singer Carmen Miranda o Actress

o Portuguese but emigrated to Brazil United Fruit Company o First conglomerate company o powerfull