Latihan Soal ON MIPA 1.

As shown in the left-hand picture below, neuron (N) receives signals directly from two separate nerve terminals (a and c). Nerve terminal (b) is synaptically connected to nerve terminal (a). The right-hand graph shows various postsynaptic potentials recorded in neuron (N) caused by input signals from the three presynaptic terminals.

Which of the following statements about the signal transmissions of these synapses are correct?
I. Action potentials would be generated in neuron (N) if nerve terminals (a) and (c) were stimulated simultaneously. II. The neurotransmitter released from nerve terminal (b) is inhibitory. III. When nerve terminal (b) is stimulated alone, an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) would be recorded in neuron (N). IV. When nerve terminals (b) and (c) are stimulated simultaneously, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) recorded in neuron (N) is smaller compared to when only nerve terminal (c) is stimulated. 2. Animal cap cells from the animal pole were removed from a Xenopus blastula embryo. These cells were then incubated in culture media containing different concentrations of activin. As seen in the table below, the cells differentiated into various tissues or cells depending on the concentration of activin.

Which of the following statement(s) regarding this experiment is/are correct? I. Ectodermal tissues are induced to differentiate into endodermal tissues according to the level of activin concentration. II. The fate of the animal cap cells was determined prior to the blastula stage. III. Initially animal cap cells differentiate into epithelial tissue. IV. Cells from the vegetal pole are also able to differentiate into muscle or heart tissues if exposed to high activin concentrations. 3. Human blood can be separated into three parts using a table top centrifuge, as shown in the following figure.

Of these blood parts (a~c), select the part that contributes most to the listed functions of blood.

Function I. Antibody production. II. Transport of carbon dioxide. III. Transport of iron. IV. Transport of oxygen. V. Formation of blood clot. VI. Neutralizing snake venom 4. The crab-eating frog is a unique amphibian which has adapted to the marine habitat and lives in mangroves. Different from marine bony fish, these frogs deal with the osmotic problem by:

A. drinking sea water and excreting excess salt. B. excreting a large amount of excess water as urine. C. excreting nitrogen waste as ammonia. D. storing urea in their body fluid.

5. What happens when the pancreatic duct of a certain mammal is temporarily ligated for an experiment? Note that carbohydrate and other nutrients in the diet are in proper amounts and ligation of the pancreatic duct is not critical for survival of the animal. The amount of carbohydrate: A. increases in feces, decreases in urine. B. increases in feces, does not change in urine. C. decreases in feces, increases in urine. D. decreases in feces, does not change in urine. E. increases both in feces and urine. F. decreases both in feces and urine. 6. The diagram shows a simplified kidney tubule and associated blood vessels, and the table shows the presence or absence of substances (X, Y, Z) in each part (16) of the diagram.

Identify the substances X to Z. (Clue : Which one is protein, urea or glucose) 7. Oogenesis differs substantially from spermatogenesis, in mammals. Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is INCORRECT? A. Cytokinesis is unequal during the meiotic divisions B. The sequence from secondary oocyte to ovum is interrupted by a relatively long rest period C. The first meiotic division is not completed unless the egg is reactivated by a hormone D. A mature ovum has not completed its second meiotic division E. The number of potential gametes is, by and large, established at birth

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Which of the following correctly lists the hormones in order from A to D? 9. Which of the following statements is FALSE? For almost every antigen you may encounter. A. a subset of B-cells already exists in your body specific to it. B. a subset of T-helper cells already exists in your body that expresses a T-cell receptor specific to it C. a subset of phagocytes already exists in your body that attacks only that antigen. D. a subset of antigen-specific antibodies already exists, but are not yet produced in large numbers. E. a subset of antigen-specific memory cells can be produced upon exposure to that antigen. 10. A blood smear from a human showing higher than normal numbers of eosinophils. Which of the following may be occurring in his body? A. chronic nematode infection B. anaphylactic shock C. leucopenia (Reduced white blood cells) D. initial response to invading bacteria E. hemostasis

11. Lions (Panthera leo) live in stable social groups called prides which usually have three or more adult females, their dependent offspring and one or two dominant adult males. The old and weak male(s) in a pride may be driven away by other strong males or by a new coalition of males. On the basis of this information, determine which combination of the following statements is correct. I. Females born into a pride leave before they reproductive maturity. II. Males born into a pride remain there for life. III. Females born into a pride remain there for life. IV. New dominant male try to kill only newly born females. V. Males born into a pride leave before they reach reproductive activity. VI. New dominant male try to kill only newly born males. VII. Adult females in a lion pride are never related to each other. VIII. New dominant male try to kill as many young cubs as possible. IX. Adult females in a lion pride are often related each other.