LA Now Volume 1 From Cover To Page 103

E.
Hillard
But then I often think, you know, why did I go to
California all that time ago in the first place? At the time,
I always said I’d gone because it was sexy, it was sunny.
But Los Angeles is also the most spacey city in the world.
You feel the most space.
David Hockney, in an interview with Lawrence Weschler, David Hockney: looking at landscape/
being in landscape, exh. cat. (Los Angeles: LA Louver, 1998), 10.
Presentation events and publications organized by The L.A. Now presentation events and publications
Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, are made possible by generous funding provided by:
California The Seaver Institute
Publication coordinated by ARCO Foundation
Morphosis California Statewide
Assisted by students from Community Redevelopment Agency
Graphic Design Program, School of Art, of the City of Los Angeles
California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, Ca. Broad Art Foundation
Catellus Development Corporation
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning,
Thomas Properties Group
University of California, Los Angeles
Edward P. Roski, Jr./Majestic Realty Co.
Photography, Film, and Environmental Design Urban Partners LLC
Departments, Art Center College of Design, Cushman Wakefield Inc.
Pasadena, Ca. Maguire Partners
Distributed by the University of California Press,

Berkeley, Los Angeles, London
ISBN 0-9618705-6-7
Library of Congress Control Number 2001096796
Copyright © 2001 Art Center College of Design

1700 Lida Street, Pasadena, California 91103
All rights reserved.
No part of the contents of this book may be
reproduced without the written permission
of the publisher.
Printed and bound by Dr. Cantz’sche Druckerei,
Germany
L.A. Now
Volume One
Art Center College of Design,
Pasadena, California
J. Fleischmann
Contents
INTRODUCTION Foreword Country Desert Natural
8 8 Comparisons
42 70 Disaster:
Earthquakes
92
LOS ANGELES Introduction Sprawl Flora Natural
14 10 44 74 Disaster:
Wildfires
98
NATURAL Acknowledgments Ecological Fauna Built Mass &
HABITAT
12 Footprint
82 Land Use
50 58 112
MAN-MADE Urban Growth Ocean Temperature Parks &
HABITAT
24 60 84 Public Lands
104 116
PEOPLE City Rivers & Precipitation Resources &
154 Comparisons
30
Lakes
64
86 Consumption
118
MONEY Agglomeration Mountains Wind Resources &
198 Comparisons
33 68 87 Consumption:
Water
120
CREDITS Megalopolis Natural Resources &
248 Comparisons
38
Disaster:
Landslides
Consumption:
Energy
90 122
State
Comparisons
40
Resources & Ethnicity Spirituality Technology/
Consumption:
Food 172 184 Financial
Services
126 220
Resources & Immigration & Death Business Services/
Consumption: Migration
196 Government Money/
Waste
178 Health Services
222
128
Air Age Global Tourism
Travel
182 Economy/
226
132 Top Industries
206
Rail Language Los Angeles Pornography
Travel
184 Industry
230
138 210
Road Education International Employment/
Travel
186 Trade Unemployment
144 212 234

Air Quality Civic Wholesale Income/
150 Identity Trade/ Household
188 Manufacturing Ranking
216 238
100 People Homeless Motion Picture/ Expenditure
of Los Angeles
192 T.V. Production
240
162 218
Body Beautiful Housing
168 244
i-cubed, LLC
INTRODUCTION Foreword
Within every great city thrives a rich cluster

of creative resources. These resources—often hidden
behind the walls of cultural and educational
institutions— must somehow get involved in the criti-
cal issues that confront cities today and in the future.
Their expertise and creativity must engage with ideas
that can benefit the greater society. Leading educational
institutions must, in essence, become civic leaders
to shape the future in a tangible way.
For this reason, Art Center College of Design organized

L.A. Now as a design initiative to focus on downtown
Los Angeles—the first in a series of “wall-less
classroom” initiatives to foster fresh thinking about
current architectural, design, art, and cultural issues
beyond the classroom. L.A. Now is also the first
collaboration between Art Center; the University
of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); the California
Institute of the Arts (CalArts); and the Southern
California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc) and,
it is hoped, a model of how a city’s native resources
can benefit the community at large.
This landmark book—a graphic snapshot of the city

at the beginning of the twenty-first century—
comprises vital data, images, and documentation about
Los Angeles. We hope that through the material
provided, civic and government leaders, developers,
planners, architects, students, and citizens can explore
the city’s unique attributes and contemplate where
we are heading in the next twenty years. By establishing
the broader context of Los Angeles, a context that is
not limited to formal or architectural conditions
but includes socio-political and infrastructural ones
as well, we hope to identify problems and opportuni-
ties within the city.
Because the responsibility of designing the city’s Museum, and proposed Children's Museum;
future will fall both to individuals like Thom Mayne (11) develop a new Justice Center to replace our
and today’s architecture and design students, outdated police headquarters; and (12) resurrect the
and to institutions like Art Center, UCLA, CalArts, Red Car surface trolley and its route from Chinatown
and SCI-Arc, we asked Thom to join L.A. Now as through downtown to Exposition Park.
the “tutor” and design leader for the initiative, which
Unlike the many studies of Los Angeles that are now
involved students, faculty, and creative individuals
on the shelf, we believe that L.A. Now can provide
from around the city.
a real foundation for public discussion and subsequent
Through L.A. Now, we strongly encourage the city’s development in Los Angeles. It is our greatest hope
key decision-makers and the new mayoral that the data and architecture proposals shown in the
administration to address the large-scale, long-range L.A. Now publications and presentation events will act
planning ideas necessary to address the city’s as catalysts to spark new thinking about Los Angeles
enormous challenges. Volume two of L.A. Now by the city’s leadership and citizens at large.
presents proposals developed by students in UCLA’s
As an advocate for art and design throughout the
Architecture and Urban Design Department,
world, Art Center College of Design will continue
in collaboration with SCI-Arc, to meet the future needs
to implement “wall-less classroom” initiatives, both
of downtown Los Angeles. The research and issues
nationally and internationally, within diverse contexts
featured in this volume directly informed these urban
and institutions to bring creativity, original thinking,
studies. The L.A. Now proposals are far from unattain-
and leadership to the challenges of today.
able, theoretical projects. They are, in fact, achievable
and well worth considering in light of the profound
growth and changes projected for Los Angeles by 2020.
As a series of next steps to these proposals, we strongly

recommend the formation of a unique task force of
thinkers and civic and community leaders to develop
discrete programs of urban ideas that can be
implemented in the near future. We propose, as one
of many such programs, the following twelve ideas
(with thanks to Dan Rosenfeld for providing the first
draft): (1) implement the plans for Civic Center
Mall—Los Angeles’s “Central Park”—and develop
Grand Avenue from the new cathedral to the Central
Public Library with additional cultural and entertainment
activites; (2) create a parkway along the Los Angeles
River and rescue Taylor Yard, the largest parcel
currently threatened by unsympathetic development;
(3) restore El Pueblo as a vibrant cultural and
commercial center; (4) extend the subway down
Wilshire Boulevard to the ocean and down Ventura
Boulevard to Woodland Hills in the San Fernando
Valley, connect LAX to downtown via rail, and
implement the continuation of the El Monte bus line
to LAX via the I-110 and the I-105 high-occupancy
vehicle lane; (5) develop 10,000 new residential
units downtown; (6) plant trees that provide shade on
downtown sidewalks; (7) cover the Hollywood/Santa
Ana Freeway from Hill Street to Alameda, linking
El Pueblo with downtown Los Angeles; (8) develop
the Staples Center/Figueroa Corridor entertainment
zone; (9) install historic street lamps throughout
downtown; (10) develop the Central Avenue Art Park
around The Museum of Contemporary Art at The
Geffen Contemporary, Japanese American National
i-cubed, LLC
INTRODUCTION
10 The places of present-day architecture cannot repeat

the permanences produced by the force of the Vitruvian
firmitas…. The idea of place as the cultivation and
Introduction maintenance of the essential and the profound, of a genius
loci, is no longer credible…Yet the loss of these illusions
need not necessarily result in a nihilistic architecture
of negation. From a thousand different sites the production
of place continues to be possible…. Place is, rather, a con-
jectural foundation…capable of fixing a point of particular
intensity in the universal chaos of our metropolitan
civilization.
Ignasi de Solà-Morales, Differences: Topographies of Contemporary
Architecture, trans. Graham Thompson (Cambridge, Mass.:
The MIT Press, 1997), 103–04.
Los Angeles is a remarkable city. And it can be

remarkably intimidating: elusive by virtue of constant
flux, unfathomable in scope, and sublime in its chaotic
complexity. Threatening to render any individual
gesture meaningless in the overall scheme of things,
the scale of L.A. can overwhelm us into inaction
and apathy. The multiplicity of logics at play breeds
conservative planning and other movements to fix,
regulate, or otherwise circumscribe stable boundaries
and values. But change is a permanent condition of
the city, and while its fluctuations and discontinuities
can overwhelm, it is possible to come to terms with
them. It may even be possible to derive a certain
comfort from them. It is with this attitude that L.A. Now
has been put together.
When Richard Koshalek, President of Art Center

College of Design, asked us to develop projects for
downtown Los Angeles, we responded by asking,
What is Los Angeles? Our team of students needed
to grapple with issues of scale, flux, and complexity
prior to formulating any definitions or proposals.
In this sense, it became useful to think of Los Angeles
as a nation. With 13.1 million people, the population
of the Los Angeles Agglomeration is larger than
the population of Cuba or Sweden, twice the size
of Switzerland, and four times that of Ireland.
In the film Powers of Ten (1977), Charles and Ray

Eames made cosmic concepts comprehensible
by reducing them into familiar and conceivable
units. Multiplying these units by ten to derive the
larger entity at hand, these prolific and imaginative
Californian designers organized and conveyed the
scope of the universe through bite-sized chunks.
Making the complicated more accessible, equating
large concepts with known quantities, a sense of scale
emerges. The unfathomable begins to become know-
able.
the main character references to make sense of his
While our project is about making vast quantities world. As the search for his wife’s killer ensues, each
and complex systems accessible, it is not about subsequent entry allows the character to construct new,
ßfinding lowest common denominators. Adamantly interpretive narratives of his recent past. As the film
opposed to the rampant fascination with the generic, unfolds, we understand that “truth” is contingent and
we locate the specific and idiosyncratic aspects iterative, subject to new and malleable arrangements.
of Los Angeles rather than identifying its common If one recognizes the logic that enables this character
ground with other global locales. L.A. Now is particu- to navigate the catalog that stands as his surrogate
lar to L.A.; there is no other way to engage a city and past, then one can easily imagine a technique for using
project its future without embracing its distinctions. this book. The information in the following pages
To skirt these particulars, to flatten complexity under is subject to a similar process of interpretation, as
an organizational rubric that seeks out trends and growth and fluctuation inflect current readings of the
commonalities, is to eschew the intimacy that a deep city. A series of “working narratives” develop as
exploration of a city engenders. Engagement with a result. An allied condition to “working title” or
the polyvalent, fluctuating complexity of Los Angeles “work in progress,” these narratives are subject to
is the only way to understand it, and to orchestrate change and further development. In this sense, the
its future. reader enacts the connective tissue that holds the city
It should be said that we willingly acknowledge together or allows it to cohere. The “Memento”
the reckless ambition of this inquiry and the dilettante technique is one interpretive logic that might be
nature of such an undertaking. With growth and flux deployed in navigating this book—and the city,
operating simultaneously—the city is expanding by extension.
rapidly and in ways beyond our capacity to monitor— This book is divided into four subjects: Natural Habitat,
the contents of this book are equal parts statistical Man-Made Habitat, People, and Money. Not to be
and anecdotal. Both raw data for specific research construed as a priori categories, they are simply the
agendas and interpretive guidelines for speaking most minimal means of disciplining the information
about broader issues, L.A. Now is a tool for engaging contained within the book.
the city and cultivating coherency.
The will to engage with the city at this level, to pursue
Rather than ascribe negative values to chaotic a kind of meaningful reading of it, is bound to two
behavior, we endeavor to schematize these fundamental rights: to be a citizen, and to have access
liquefactions of boundaries and territories. There is no to public information. One could even argue that
literal jurisdiction to the Los Angeles Agglomeration, access to public information is necessary to true
just urban intensification of radical proportions. citizenship. This book is as much an effort to bridge
Formulating a way of working on a city without discrete these rights—to meet people halfway in the exercise
edges, allowing for the permutations of rapid, often of citizenship and access—as anything else. It allows
exponential, expansion is paramount to such an residents a larger picture of the fabric in which they
enterprise. Resisting polemics and ideological are a part, and makes public information intelligible.
alignments, we pursued a neutral field of information Noted information architect Richard Saul Wurman
from which citizens, planners, and architects alike has observed that public shares the same root as
may draw interpretations and assessments. Our publication. This formulation promotes a kind of
objective was first to render the conditions of the “freedom of information” disposition toward data,
itinerant city apparent, developing projective replacing the ownership of information with a public
frameworks in subsequent phases (see volume two, compact for full and legible disclosure. It is in the
L.A. Now: Seven Proposals). same spirit that our research efforts were carried out.
Organizing information on shifting and unstable We are concerned with the lack of ingenuity in
terrain is also the subject of the recent film Memento. grappling with the city as an idea, and in develop-
The territories in the film, however, are interior ones, ing tools to wrestle with its scope and complexity.
and involve the ways in which mental maps and L.A. Now is a provocation for further analysis and the
memories are charted. In the story, the protagonist, advancement of interpretive techniques.
who has lost the ability to form new memories,
develops a system for registering information.
Through a combination of annotated polaroids
and textual tattoos, he devises a flawed but effective
system for recording recent events and encounters:
a “fallback” memory from which to sort, read,
and re-shuffle when confronted with new input.
Memory, in this sense, becomes an open catalog that
On behalf of Art Center College of Design, we would like to express our deepest Book Team
gratitude to everyone who contributed to this extraordinary endeavor. We thank Graphic Design Directors
the generous sponsors, who gave us the encouragement and support to launch Lorraine Wild and Scott Zukowski, CalArts
a project of considerable ambition; the core group of dedicated advisors who CalArts Graphic Design Students
donated their Saturdays and gave shape to a daunting task; the design team Jessica Fleischmann, Stuart Charles Smith, Jon Sueda
working with Thom Mayne, whose inspiration, industry, and fortitude fostered the CalArts Publication Design Class
multiple projects within the project and kept them all moving; the staff and faculty Christina Chung
members at Art Center, UCLA, CalArts, and SCI-Arc, whose openness and David Grey
creativity allowed L.A. Now to take form; the exceptional group of advisors, jury Lehze Flax
members, and civic and community leaders, who provided insight and brought Jessica Fleischmann
our visions closer to reality; the book and presentation event teams, who did Jennifer McKnight
a remarkable job of organizing a magnitude of material; and most of all, the students, Bruce Sachs
whose imagination, ingenuity, and enthusiasm truly made L.A. Now happen. It is Stuart Smith
INTRODUCTION
12
difficult to fathom the sheer amount of energy and hours necessary to coordinate Jon Sueda
a collaborative and collective project of this scope, and we would like to thank
Text Editor: Frances Anderton, “Which Way, L.A.?,”
each of the creative individuals who helped to realize L.A. Now.
KCRW
——Richard Koshalek and Dana Hutt
Art Center Photography Students
(Book and Presentation Events)
I would like to acknowledge the tremendous efforts of the following people: Izabela Berengut
Julianna Morais and Rose Mendez, for their vast organizational focus critical Dunja Dumanski
to this type of project, as well as their energy, intelligence, and proprietary care; Erik Hillard
Frances Anderton, Michael Dear, Con Howe, John Kaliski, and Richard Weinstein, Brandon Kalpin
who generously gave their time in the early formulation and definition of this project; Jane Kung
Sylvia Lavin, for her support and advice; Dana Hutt, a trusty conduit and second Dave Lauridsen
voice throughout the dialogue between myself and Richard Koshalek; my students, Theo Morrison
Acknowledgments
who set aside their own work to contribute to a project both larger and outside Gala Narezo
of themselves; Lorraine Wild, who has my implicit trust for her ability to Lorenzo Pesce
instantaneously grasp sensibility, and for her independence and leadership; Jennifer Rocholl
and Alexandra Loew, for her editorial advice. I second all the thanks that Richard Allen Scott
extended, including the insight and guidance of our jury members. And, of course, Vanessa Stump
thanks to Richard Koshalek, for allowing me to participate in his vision. His Makiko Takehara
boundless energy and unlimited optimism made this project possible. Art Center Environmental Design Students
——Thom Mayne (Presentation Events)
Nathan Barbour
David Desmarais
Project Team
Eugene Han
Project Directors: Richard Koshalek and Dana Hutt, Art Center College of Design
Chiaki Kanda
Project Architect: Thom Mayne, Architecture and Urban Design Department,
Nadine Schelbert
University Of California, Los Angeles, and Morphosis
Project Manager: Julianna Morais, Morphosis Art Center College of Design Film Students
Project Manager, Conceptual Phase: Rose Mendez, Morphosis (Presentation Events)
Team Morphosis: Joe Baldwin, Perri Chasin, Mario Cipresso, David Grant, Vicki Annelize Bester
Hanson, Ed Hatcher, Maia Johnson, Edit Kozma, Mark Lipson, Alexandra Loew, Jasmine Bocs
Robyn Sambo, Martin Summers, Karen Wolfe, and Susan Wong Eve Bregman
John Brooks
Organizing Institution
Michael Buchbinder
Art Center College of Design: Richard Koshalek, President
Albert Choi
Participating Institutions Sean Donahue
California Institute of the Arts (CalArts): Steven D. Lavine, President Melinda Epler
Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc): Neil Denari, Director Chris Gehl
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA): Sylvia Lavin, Chair, Ralph Herscu
Architecture and Urban Design Department Eric Katz
Project Advisory Board Jennifer Krasinski
Frances Anderton, “Which Way, L.A.?,” KCRW Omar Lagda
Michael Dear, Department of Geography, University of Southern California (USC) Stephen Latty (team leader)
John Kaliski, AIJK and SCI-Arc Manny Marquez
Nelson Rising, Catellus Development Corporation Alexander Martinez
Richard Weinstein, Architecture and Urban Design Department, UCLA Trevor McMahan
Con Howe, Los Angeles City Planning Department David Neham
Elisabeth Rubin
Art Center College of Design Faculty Leaders
David Sanders
Jeff Atherton, Photography
Simba Sims
Rob Ball, Environmental Design
Jackie Sourvelis
Peter di Sabatino, Environmental Design
Cassidy Sullivan
Nan Oshin, Photography
Vee Vitanza
Bob Peterson, Film
Martin Von Will
Randy Walker
Il-Hoon Won
David Zimmerman
Project Contributors Rich Haluschak, Controller
UCLA Architecture Students Ron Jernigan, Executive V.P. and C.F.O.
Paul Andersen Ronald Jones, Provost
Joe Baldwin Yasmine Khan, Associate Designer
Hojin Chang Jan Kingaard, Director, Communications and P.R.
Jae Kwon Sheila Low, Administrative Assistant to the President
Mario Cipresso Leslie Marcus, Director of Alumni Affairs
Birgit Bruun Hansen Kyoko Matsuo-Dominguez, Director, Photo Operations
Ed Hatcher Lisa Mayeda, Associate Director, Corporate Relations
Maia Johnson Stephen Nowlin, V.P., Director, Williamson Gallery
Peter Kimmelman Patricia Belton Oliver, Director of Architecture and Planning
Jae Kwon Scarlett Powers Osterling, Senior V.P., Advancement
Nishant Lall Bill Sparling, Director, Campus Safety and Security
Patrick McEneany Rachael Tiede, Coordinator, Communications and P.R.
Apurva Pande Janet Yamanaka, Student Store
Andrew Scott Project Sponsorship
Apoorva Shetty The Seaver Institute
Martin Summers ARCO Foundation
John Truong California Statewide
Susan Wong Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles
Daniel Wright Catellus Development Corporation
Young Yi Broad Art Foundation
YiYi Zhou Thomas Properties Group
SCI-Arc Students Edward P. Roski, Jr./Majestic Realty Co.
Katsuhiro Ozawa Urban Partners LLC
Chea Seon Roh Cushman Wakefield Inc.
Angus Schoenberger Maguire Partners
UCLA Architecture Jury Members In-kind Support
Frances Anderton, “Which Way, L.A.?,” KCRW Southern California Association of Governments
Dana Cuff, UCLA Los Angeles Magazine
Victoria Seaver Dean, The Seaver Institute L.A. Weekly Magazine
William Fain, Johnson Fain Partners The Los Angeles Times
Tom Gilmore, Gilmore Associates I-Cubed Information Integration and Imaging, LLC
Joseph Giovannini, Giovannini Associates Blair Graphics
Martha Harris, USC Artisan Entertainment
Craig Hodgetts, Hodgetts+Fung and UCLA Columbia Tristar
Con Howe, Los Angeles City Planning Department Forward Pass
John Kaliski, John Kaliski Urban Studio and SCI-Arc TNT Original Movies
Rick Keating, Keating/Khang United Artists/MGM
Sylvia Lavin, UCLA Warner Brothers
Greg Lynn, Greg Lynn FORM and UCLA Project Assistance
Marta Male, Visiting Faculty, UCLA Aaron Betsky, Netherlands Architecture Institute
Eric Owen Moss, Eric Owen Moss Architects John Bowsher
and SCI-Arc Tim Christ, Morphosis
Nicolai Ouroussoff, Los Angeles Times Victoria Seaver Dean, The Seaver Institiute
Stephanos Polyzoides, Moule & Polyzoides Jennifer Demello, Town Hall, Los Angeles
Wolf Prix, Coop Himmelblau and UCLA Frank Gehry, Gehry Partners
Andrew Ratner, Cushman Realty Gilmore Associates (Tom Gilmore, Dawn Garcia, Philip Stockstill)
Nelson Rising, Catellus Development Corporation James Kenneth Hahn, Mayor of Los Angeles
Daniel Rosenfeld, Urban Partners Bruce Herbkersman, Lowe Enterprises Commercial Group
Robert Somol, UCLA Jane Hyun
Anthony Vidler, UCLA Peter Kirby, Media Art Services
Richard Weinstein, UCLA Andrew Liang, Form Zero
Art Center Project Support Robbie Macfarlane
Margaret Bach, Director, Foundation Relations Michael Mann
Jan Bronte, Manager, Cafeteria Lawrence Reed Manville
Bryan Brown, Supervisor, Production Adrienne Medawar, Town Hall, Los Angeles
and Media Services Cara Mullio, MAK Center for Art and Architecture, Los Angeles
Will Cheeseborough, Manager, Production Jang Park
and Media Services Jan Perry, Councilmember, Los Angeles City Council District 9
Erica Clark, Senior V.P., International Initiatives Margie J. Reese, General Manager, Los Angeles Cultural Affairs Department
Denise Gonzales Crisp, Senior Designer, Russell Sakaguchi, ARCO Foundation
Design Office Jerry Scharlin, Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Los Angeles
Ellie Eisner, Production Manager, Design Office Carol Schatz, Central City Association of Los Angeles
Linda Estrada, Administrative Assistant, Trollbäck & Company (Jakob Trollbäck, Bob Swensen, Laurent Fauchere, Antoine
Operations and Real Estate Tinguely, Chris Haak, Christian Gatgens, James Tosatti, Jasmine Jodry,
George Falardeau, V.P., Operations and Real Estate Todd Neil, Nicole Amato, Meghan O’ Brien)
Jill Farmer, Secretary, Design Office David Trowbridge, Dogma
Barbara Vohryzek, California Statewide
Charlene Woodcock, University of California Press
photos 14–49: E. Kozma 0.0 km
LOS ANGELES
14
1.0 km
0.5 km
1.5 km
2.0 km 2.5 km
LOS ANGELES
16
4.0 km 4.5 km
6.0 km 6.5 km
3.0 km 3.5 km
5.0 km 5.5 km
7.0 km 7.5 km
8.0 km 8.5 km
Country
Comparisons
10.0 km
42 10.5 km
LOS ANGELES Sprawl
18 44
Urban Growth
24
12.0 km 12.5 km 13.0 km
City
Comparisons
30
Agglomeration
Comparisons
15.0 km
33 15.5 km 16.0 km
Megalopolis
Comparisons
38
18.0 km 18.5 km 19.0 km 19.5 km 20.0 km 20.5 km
State
Comparisons
40
9.0 km 9.5 km
11.0 km 11.5 km
13.5 km 14.0 km 14.5 km
16.5 km 17.0 km 17.5 km
21.0 km 21.5 km 22.0 km Rialto 22.5 km 23.0 km
23.5 km 24.0 km 24.5 km 25.0 km Fontana 25.5 km

LOS ANGELES
20
95 90
105 100
115 110
125 120
130
26.0 km 26.5 km 27.0 km 27.5 km 28.0 km

This line spans 135 kilometers through Los Angeles. A series
of photographs taken every 0.5 kilometers along the line starts
on page 14 and continues through this chapter.
Photographs by Edit Kozma
10 5 km
20 15
25
35 30
45 40
55 50
65 60
75 70
85 80
It had taken almost half a day, and I had covered a distance that would have taken
me through three or four Northeastern states, but I had finally found the other end
of Los Angeles. And as I traveled around Moreno Valley that day, the people I talked
to felt as much alienation from Los Angeles as my neighbors in Ventura.
William Fulton, The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban Growth in Los Angeles
(Point Arena, Ca.: Solano Press Books, 1997), 2.
28.5 km 29.0 km 29.5 km 30.0 km 30.5 km

present agglomeration boundary
future agglomeration boundary
LOS ANGELES
22
31.0 km 31.5 km 32.0 km Rancho Cucamonga 32.5 km 33.0 km

Defining Los Angeles
For the purposes of this book, the Los Angeles under scrutiny comprises
the built mass that radiates from Los Angeles County to absorb parts
of Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. This is not the often-
considered, politically defined five-county area. The Los Angeles under
consideration is the continuously connected mass of urban growth,
or agglomeration, framed by mountains, ocean, and desert. All data
in this book pertains to this area.
L.A. Now is a snapshot of Los Angeles as defined above at this point
in time. The region as described here is not definite; growth is anticipated
north into Ventura County, south to San Diego, and east to Palm Springs,
indicated in some maps in this book by a dotted line.
33.5 km 34.0 km 34.5 km 35.0 km 35.5 km 36.0 km

36.5 km
Timeline
LOS ANGELES •8,000 B.C. The Chumash settle in coastal villages •7,000 B.C. La Brea Woman dies in the Park La Brea
area of Los Angeles •200 A.D. First Tongva Indians arrive in Southern California from the Mojave area •1769 First
European explorers reach present-day Orange County •1769 Spanish occupation of California begins •1771 Mission San
Gabriel founded •1776 Mission San Juan Capistrano becomes present-day Orange County's first permanent settlement
•1781 El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Reina de Los Angeles de Porciúncula founded •1784 First three ranchos in Los
Angeles—Dominguez, Nieto, and Verdugo—granted •1797 Mission San Fernando Rey de España founded by Father
Lasuén •1801 Jose Yorba establishes first rancho in Orange County–Santiago de Santa Ana •1805 First American visits Los
Angeles •1805 First American commercial trading ship arrives San Pedro Bay •1810 Padres from Mission San Fernando
dam Los Angeles River north of El Pueblo •1812 San Juan Capistrano-Wrightwood Earthquake •1817 First school estab-
lished •1822 Mexico wins independence from Spain and begins rule over California •1827 John Temple opens El Pueblo's
LOS ANGELES
24
first general store •1835 Los Angeles given city status •1836 First official census taken in Los Angeles •1841 First
California-bound wagon trains, the Workman-Rowland party, arrives •1842 Gold discovered near Saugus •1849 First city
map drawn, comprising 28 square miles 1850 POPULATION: 2,968; AREA: 1.3 SQUARE MILES •1850 Los Angeles County
established, comprising 4,340 square miles •1850 City of Los Angeles incorporated •1851 Mormon community settles in
San Bernardino County •1853 San Bernardino County established •1853 First jail built •1854 Crime in Los Angeles rises
to one murder per day •1854 Chinese immigrants brought in as laborers and servants •1857 Mormon community leaves
San Bernardino County •1858 Butterfield Stage Line links L.A. to San Francisco and St. Louis •1858 Sisters of Charity
becomes first hospital •1860 First telegraph link to San Francisco established •1862 Severe drought ends cattle ranching
•1865 Union troops stop L.A. residents from celebrating Lincoln assassination •1865 First institute of higher learning, St.
Vincent's College (now Loyola-Marymount), opens •1866 Central Park (now Pershing Square) established •1868 Los
Angeles water system installed using iron pipes •1869 First railroad station at Alameda and Commercial Streets •1870
Navel oranges planted in Riverside County •1871 Massacre of 19 Chinese by mobs at Negro Alley •1873 Trolley line
established by Main Street Railroad Company •1876 Southern Pacific Railroad completes connection to San Francisco
•1881 Southern Pacific Railway links L.A. to East Coast •1881 Los Angeles Times founded •1882 Downtown lit by electric
Urban Growth
street lights •1885 Wilshire Boulevard dedicated •1887 Silver discovered in Santa Ana mountains •1887 Harvey Wilcox
lays out Hollywood •1887 Los Angeles Electric Railway begins operation •1889 Orange County established •1889 New
City Hall built on Broadway •1890 First Tournament of Roses Parade held in Pasadena •1891 Throop Polytechnic Institute
of Pasadena (now California Institute of Technology) founded •1892 Oil discovered in Los Angeles •1892 Abbott Kinney
purchases land to develop in present-day Venice •1892 Banning brothers begin developing Avalon on Catalina Island 1893
POPULATION: 66,020; AREA: 31 SQUARE MILES •1893 Mt. Lowe Railway opens •1893 Riverside County established •1893
Santa Fe Railroad dedicates La Grande Station •1894 National railroad strike triggers labor rioting •1895 California Bureau
of Highways created •1896 Congress appropriates $3.9 million to build harbor at San Pedro •1896 Griffith J. Griffith
donates 3,015 acres to create nation's largest urban park •1897 First known sighting of an automobile in L.A. •1897 City of
Long Beach incorporated •1897 California Department of Highways created •1898 Los Angeles forms fifth symphony
orchestra in the nation •1899 Los Angeles Stock Exchange opens •1900 The Automobile Club of Southern California
established •1901 Pacific Electric Railway formed, connecting L.A. to Long Beach •1902 First movie theater opens on Main
Street •1903 Hearst publishes the Los Angeles Examiner •1904 Mount Wilson Observatory founded •1905 Announcement
of Owens Valley water project •1906 Beverly Hills founded •1907 Los Angeles Department of Engineering created •1908
First motion picture made completely in L.A. (In the Sultan's Power) completed • 1909 Wilmington and San Pedro annexed
by Los Angeles •1909 Southern California Edison founded •1909 Construction begins on L.A. Aqueduct •1909 First State
Highway Bond Act issued for State Highway System •1910 Hollywood joins Los Angeles in order to receive water •1910
11,050-foot breakwater at L.A. Harbor built •1910 Los Angeles Times building bombed, killing 20 •1911 C. P. Rodgers
makes first transcontinental airplane flight from New York to Pasadena •1911 Manhattan Beach closed to African Americans
•1912 First gas station in L.A. opens •1912 Los Angeles County Library established • 1913 Georgia Broadwick becomes
first woman to parachute from an airplane over L.A.•1913 Aqueduct brings water from Owens Valley •1913 Los Angeles
County Museum of Natural History opens •1914 Ford Motor Company opens first auto assembly plant in Southern
California •1914 S.S. Missourian becomes first vessel to dock at L.A. Harbor after passing through Panama Canal 1915
POPULATION: 310,479; AREA: 191 SQUARE MILES •1915 Direct steamer service established between L.A. and Japan •1915
Universal Studios founded •1933 Long Beach Earthquake •1933 Mineral Wells Canyon Fire •1934 California State sign-
route numbering system adopted •1934 First drive-in theater opens •1939 Union Station opens •1939 90 film companies
in operation •1940 First freeway (now Pasadena Freeway) in California opens •1942 First smog alert issued •1943 Zoot
Suit Riots •1943 San Bernardino Freeway construction starts (I-10, completed in 1957) •1945 Santa Ana Freeway construc-
tion starts (I-5, completed in 1958) •1946 Los Angeles Air Pollution Control Board established •1946 Commercial airlines
move operations from Burbank to LAX •1946 KTLA becomes city's first commercial television station •1947 Cleveland
Rams football team begins playing in Los Angeles •1947 “Hollywood Ten” charged with contempt of Congress •1947
Hollywood Freeway opens •1947 “Black Dahlia” murder occurs •1947 Mobster Bugsy Siegel gunned down in Beverly Hills
•1947 Collier-Burns Act passed to speed up freeway building •1951 “Bloody Christmas” incident occurs •1951 State
establishes Metropolitan Transit Authority •1952 Long Beach Freeway construction starts (I-710, completed in 1965) •1952
Harbor Freeway construction starts (I-110, completed in 1970) •1953 Driest year on record •1953 Four-level interchange
links highways 101 and 110 •1954 L.A. hit by worst smog ever, air and shipping traffic diverted •1954 Watts Towers com-
pleted •1954 President Eisenhower proposes National System of Interstate and Defense Highways •1955 Disneyland
37.5 km
37.0 km
opens •1955 Ventura Freeway construction starts (U.S. 101, completed in 1974) •1955 Foothill Freeway construction starts
(I-210, completed in 1977) •1956 California State University at Northridge established •1956 L.A. City Council rescinds
140-ft. building-height limit •1956 Golden State Freeway construction starts (I-5, completed in 1975) •1957 San Diego
Freeway construction starts (I-405, completed in 1969) •1958 Brooklyn Dodgers move to Los Angeles •1958 First telecop-
ter introduced •1959 First jet service from LAX connects L.A. to New York •1960 Minneapolis Lakers move to Los Angeles
•1960 L.A. becomes the nation's second largest city •1961 Bel Air Fire •1961 Santa Monica Freeway construction starts
(I-10, completed in 1966) •1962 Dodger Stadium opens •1963 Vincent Thomas Bridge opens in San Pedro •1964 Music
Center opens •1964 Southern California Rapid Transit District formed •1965 Los Angeles County Museum of Art opens
•1965 Watts Riots •1966 Los Angeles Zoo opens •1969 Manson murders take place 1970 POPULATION: 2,811,801; AREA:
908 SQUARE MILES •1971 Sylmar Earthquake •1971 Arco builds twin towers in downtown L.A. •1974 J. Paul Getty Museum
moves to Pacific Palisades •1975 Southern California Air Quality Management District formed •1975 Pacific Design Center
opens •1978 Pasadena hosts first Doo-Dah Parade •1978 Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area created by
Congress •1978 Agoura-Malibu Fire •1979 Los Angeles National Forest Fire •1980 Screen Actors Guild strike •1980
Panorama Fire •1985 Wheeler Fire •1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake •1990 Santa Barbara Fire •1991 Rodney King
incident occurs •1992 Landers Earthquake •1992 Rodney King verdict triggers riots •1993 Twenty-one wind-driven fires
rage across the agglomeration •1993 Kinneloa Fire •1993 Laguna Fire •1993 Topanga Fire •1993 Inaugural run of MTA's
Metro Rail into Union Station •1993 Glenn Anderson Freeway opens (I-105) •1994 Northridge Earthquake •1999 Willows
Fires 2000 POPULATION: 13,100,768; AREA: 1,634 SQUARE MILES •Projected 2003 Metro Blue Line links Union Station with
Chinatown, Highland Park, and Pasadena •Projected 2010 High Speed Rail begins operation PROJECTED 2020
POPULATION: 21,139,700; AREA: 1,797 SQUARE MILES
WORLD 150,000 YEARS AGO POPULATION: 1,000,000 •120,000 years ago Neanderthals roam in Western Europe and
Central Asia •100,000 years ago Modern humans in eastern and southern Africa •90,000 years ago First evidence of
modern humans in East Asia •35,000 years ago Fully modern humans settle the European continent as Neanderthals go
extinct •20,000 years ago Peak of last ice age •11,000 years ago Animals first domesticated •10,000 years ago Glaciers
retreat, as temperate deciduous woodlands spread northward •5,000–2,500 B.C. Urban civilizations thrive in the valleys
of the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow Rivers •2,500 B.C. Major cities take root in the Nile Valley, Mesopotamia,
and the Indus Valley •500 B.C. Climax of the Classical Age •1 B.C. Half the global population lives in the three major
empires of Rome, Parthia, and Han China •1050–1350 The Crusades •1300–1400 Bubonic Plague •1500–1600 The age
of exploration and European expansion •1756–63 French and Indian War •1776 America declares independence •1803
Louisiana Purchase •1820 Missouri Compromise •1845 Texas Annexation •1846 Oregon settlement •1849 California
Gold Rush 1850 POPULATION: 900,000,000 •1848 Mexican-American War ends, Mexico cedes California to U.S. •1850
California admitted to statehood •1853 Gadsden Purchase •1837 Patent of first electric telegraph •1861–65 American
Civil War •1867 U.S. purchases Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million •1869 Transcontinental Railroad in U.S. completed •1876
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone •1882 Chinese immigration to U.S. banned •1885 Development of first
automobile by Daimler & Benz •1890 Bureau of the Census announces closing of the American frontier 1893 POPULATION:
1,484,660,000 •1895 Marconi invents radio telegraphy •1896 Revival of Olympic Games in Athens •1914 Panama Canal
opens •1914 World War I begins 1915 POPULATION: 1,677,150,000 •1917 U.S. enters World War I •1917 U.S. Immigration
Act bans immigrants from Asiatic zone •1918 World War I ends •1919 U.S. declines entry into League of Nations •1919
Volstead Act passes, implementing Prohibition in U.S. •1920 Inauguration of League of Nations •1921 Emergency Quota Act
drastically curbs immigration to U.S. •1923 More than 13 million cars on U.S. roads •1928 Penicillin discovered •1929 Wall
Street Crash starts Great Depression 1932 POPULATION: 1,921,662,000 •1934–36 Mass migration of farmers from Great
Plains to California •1939–45 World War II •1945 Cold War begins •1950–55 The Korean War •1954–75 The Vietnam War
•1957 First artificial satellite, Sputnik II, launched by U.S.S.R. •1959 U.S. Senate Bill 480 establishes a national 12, 414-mile
freeway and expressway system •1961 Berlin Wall built, separating East and West Berlin •1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
•1966 U.S. Department of Transportation created •1969 NASA lands first man on moon 1970 POPULATION: 3,548,414,000
•1972 U.S. Senate approves Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT) I •1973 Oil crisis •1989 Cold War ends •1989
End of Communism in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, East Germany, and Bulgaria •1990 NATO and Warsaw
Pact agree on conventional arms limitation in Europe •1993 1.8 million online hosts •1998 36.7 million online hosts •1998
107 million online users 2000 POPULATION: 6,000,000,000 •2000 50% of world’s population lives in cities •2000 600 mil-
lion passenger cars worldwide •2000 1.7 million biological species in the world identified •2001 Over 100 million online
hosts •Projected 2005 Interactive TV in over 30% of American, Japanese, and Western European homes •Projected
2015 Populations approach 10–15 million in Buenos Aires, Cairo, Istanbul, Jakarta, Lahore, Los Angeles, Manila, Osaka, Rio
de Janeiro, Seoul, Tehran, and Tianjin; approach 16-–20 million in Beijing, Calcutta, Delhi, Dhaka, Karachi, New York, São
Paulo, and Shanghai; and exceed 25 million in Bombay, Lagos, and Tokyo PROJECTED POPULATION IN 2020: 8,000,000,000
•Projected 2020 Top ten countries receiving tourists (in descending order): China, U.S., France, Spain, Hong Kong, U.K.,
Italy, Mexico, Russia, and Czech Republic •Projected 2020 Top ten countries creating tourists (in descending order):
Germany, Japan, U.S., China, U.K., France, Netherlands, Canada, Russia, and Italy •Projected 2090 Average temperature
5 degrees Celsius higher than average in 1900 due to global warming
-
38.0 km
Timeline map gold discovered at Placerita Canyon
Indigenous villages Mission San Fernando Rey de España

La Brea Woman
8 1. Akurangna
2. Asuksangna nd par
ty
Rowla
3. Engovangna man-
San Gabriel Mission (1775) Work
4. Hutukngna
Range of Chumash Indians
1 2
5. Kuruvangna San Gabriel Mission (1771)
12 6. Nakaungna
5 11 7. Pasbengna
10 8. Pasekgna
14 9. Puvungna
6
10. Sa’angna
Range of Tonguu Indians 3 11. Sibangna
15
4 12. Sisitcanongna
13 9 13. Suangna
16 14. Sukangna firs
7 tE
15. Tibahangna uro
l
LOS ANGELES
se
s pe
g ve
26
16. Tsavingna ial tradin an
merc v isi Mission San Juan Capistrano
17. Yangna om to
tc rs
s
f ir
Early 1700–1850
Mormons arrive
e
ns leav
San Los Angeles County

Francisco S Mt. Lowe Railway
Bu outh New York
Mormo
tte e Los Angeles County

rfie rn Pa Ventura County Mt. Wilson Observatory t
ld S cif
tag ic Ra l fligh
tel Throop Polytechnic Institute of Pasadena nenta
eg e li ilw San Bernardino County conti San Bernardino County
rap ne ay Tournament of Roses Griffith Park trans
h li
ne
Urban Growth Universal Studios
ilroad
tinental Ra
Transcon
nts
igra
imm
ese
Chin
Bu
ite
iel
rf
Orange County ds
St. Vincent's ta San Pedro Orange County
ge
(Loyola-Marymount) silver lin Harbor
pan e
steamer to Ja discovered
Riverside County Riverside County
S.S. Missourian
Japan
San
Diego
1851–1893 1894–1915
San Diego County
Panama
Minneapolis Cleveland
Brooklyn
Burbank Airport
Ventura County Los Angeles County Ventura County
Bloody Christmas
Rose Bowl
s
Hollywood Bowl
m
s San Bernardino County

Ra
er
dg
Do
rs
ke
Hollywood Sign New York

La
San California Aqueduct 101

Francisco
1
California Aqueduct
1
Watts Towers 110
LAX Zoot Suit Riots e
ic
s erv
jet
airl
ink
Colorado River Aqueduct Watts Riots Disneyland
Colorado River Aqueduct
Orange County
Orange County
Riverside County
Riverside County
1916–1932 1933–1970
San Diego County San Diego County
38.5 km 39.0 km 39.5 km 40.0 km 40.5 km 41.0 km

Colorado River Aqueduct
14
Sierra Pelona
San Gabriel Mountains

Ventura County San Bernardino County
Los Angeles County
118
San Fernando Sa
27 Valley n Be
2 rn ard
170
inoM
ou
nta
Santa Monica Mountains 66 ins
National Recreational Area
19 California Aqueduct
10
1
Puente 83
Hills 71
57 215
42 72
Sa
Chino Hills
n
105
ta
Mo
nic
wildfire 107
a
Ba
earthquake 605
y
39
railways
highways / freeways 22 Sa
nt
aqueduct aA
56 na
river M ou
Orange County nt
Sa ain
n Pe Sa s
dro nP
Ch ed
an ro San Joaquin
ne B ay
l Hills
1971–2001 Riverside County
San Diego County
Ventura County Los Angeles County

San Bernardino County
Orange County
Riverside County
Future
sources:
www.losangelesalmanac.com
Michael Jacob Rochlim, Ancient L.A. and Other Essays
(Los Angeles: Unreinforced Masonry Studio, 1999)
San Diego County
41.5 km 42.0 km 42.5 km 43.0 km 44.0 km

Population of Los Angeles, 2000
rank population city county rank population city county
1 3,694,820 Los Angeles Los Angeles 52 63,428 Pico Rivera Los Angeles
- 1,123,224 Unincorporated Los Angeles 53 63,261 Redondo Beach Los Angeles
2 461,522 Long Beach Los Angeles 54 62,582 Hesperia San Bernardino
3 337,977 Santa Ana Orange 55 62,150 Montebello Los Angeles
4 328,014 Anaheim Orange 56 61,891 Laguna Niguel Orange
5 255,166 Riverside Riverside 57 61,348 Huntington Park Los Angeles
LOS ANGELES 6
30
194,973 Glendale Los Angeles 58 60,051 Monterey Park Los Angeles
7 189,594 Huntington Beach Orange 59 58,974 La Habra Orange
8 185,401 San Bernardino San Bernardino 60 58,918 Yorba Linda Orange
9 165,196 Garden Grove Orange 61 58,812 Hemet Riverside
10 158,007 Ontario San Bernardino 62 57,746 Gardena Los Angeles
11 151,088 Santa Clarita Los Angeles 63 57,716 Temecula Riverside
12 149,473 Pomona Los Angeles 64 57,077 Camarillo Ventura
13 143,072 Irvine Orange 65 56,287 Diamond Bar Los Angeles
14 142,381 Moreno Valley Riverside 66 55,266 Paramount Los Angeles
15 137,946 Torrance Los Angeles 67 54,978 Fountain Valley Orange
16 133,936 Pasadena Los Angeles 68 53,505 Rosemead Los Angeles
17 128,929 Fontana San Bernardino 69 53,054 Arcadia Los Angeles
18 128,821 Orange Orange 70 51,488 Cerritos Los Angeles
19 127,743 Rancho Cucamonga San Bernardino 71 49,415 Glendora Los Angeles
20 126,003 Fullerton Orange 72 47,662 Colton San Bernardino
21 124,966 Corona Riverside 73 46,837 Covina Los Angeles
22 117,005 Thousand Oaks Ventura 74 46,783 La Mirada Los Angeles
23 115,965 El Monte Los Angeles 75 46,488 Placentia Orange
City
24 112,580 Inglewood Los Angeles 76 46,229 Cypress Orange
Comparisons
25 111,351 Simi Valley Ventura 77 44,712 Azusa Los Angeles
26 108,724 Costa Mesa Orange 78 44,605 Highland San Bernardino
27 107,323 Downey Los Angeles 79 44,054 Bell Gardens Los Angeles
28 105,080 West Covina Los Angeles 80 41,207 Yucaipa San Bernardino
29 103,298 Norwalk Los Angeles 81 41,145 Rancho Palos Verdes Los Angeles
30 100,316 Burbank Los Angeles 82 41,063 La Puente Los Angeles
31 96,375 South Gate Los Angeles 83 39,804 San Gabriel Los Angeles
32 93,493 Compton Los Angeles 84 38,816 Culver City Los Angeles
33 93,102 Mission Viejo Orange 85 37,403 Stanton Orange
34 91,873 Rialto San Bernardino 86 36,929 Monrovia Los Angeles
35 89,730 Carson Los Angeles 87 36,664 Bell Los Angeles
36 88,207 Westminster Orange 88 36,189 Perris Riverside
37 85,804 Alhambra Los Angeles 89 35,716 West Hollywood Los Angeles
38 84,112 Hawthorne Los Angeles 90 35,410 Brea Orange
39 84,084 Santa Monica Los Angeles 91 35,110 Dana Point Orange
40 83,680 Whittier Los Angeles 92 34,980 San Dimas Los Angeles
41 79,345 Lakewood Los Angeles 93 33,998 Claremont Los Angeles
42 78,282 Buena Park Orange 94 33,852 Manhattan Beach Los Angeles
43 75,837 Baldwin Park Los Angeles 95 33,826 San Juan Capistrano Orange
44 72,878 Bellflower Los Angeles 96 33,784 Beverly Hills Los Angeles
45 70,032 Newport Beach Orange 97 33,377 Temple Los Angeles
46 69,845 Lynwood Los Angeles 98 33,049 Montclair San Bernardino
47 68,393 Upland San Bernardino 99 31,711 Lawndale Los Angeles
48 67,504 Tustin Orange 100 31,638 La Verne Los Angeles
49 67,168 Chino San Bernardino 101 31,415 Moorpark Ventura
50 64,029 Victorville San Bernardino 102 30,004 Walnut Los Angele
51 63,591 Redlands San Bernardino 103 28,928 Lake Elsinore Riverside
44.5 km 45.0 km 45.5 km 46.0 km 46.5 km 47.0 km

50
11 54
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50.0 km 157 ��
131 85 9 18 � 109
126 139 ��
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144
0 2 4 6 8 10 20 Miles
There were millions of LAs, an infinite fan of superimposed cities, each one thrown
out from somebody’s perception and memory. Every bit of town, every sunny facade
and piece of street litter and palm frond, had to be illuminated by personal significance,
to seem to collude in someone’s fate somehow, or else never get noticed at all,
never in some sense exist.
Jim Paul, Medieval in LA: A Fiction (Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1996), 23.
47.5 km 48.0 km 48.5 km 49.0 km 49.5 km 50.0 km

Population of Los Angeles, 2000 (continued)
rank population city county
rank population city county
104 28,083 Maywood Los Angeles
132 11,384 Beaumont Riverside
105 24,292 South Pasadena Los Angeles
133 10,578 Sierra Madre Los Angeles
106 24,208 Cudahy Los Angeles
134 10,218 Crestline San Bernardino
107 24,157 Norco Riverside
135 9,333 Signal Hill Los Angeles
108 24,157 Seal Beach Orange
136 8,934 Lake Arrowhead San Bernardino
109 23,779 San Jacinto Riverside
137 8,368 Westlake Village Los Angeles
LOS ANGELES 110 23,727 Laguna Beach Orange
32
138 8,342 Woodcrest Riverside
111 23,564 San Fernando Los Angeles
139 7,676 Rolling Hills Estates Los Angeles
112 23,562 Banning Riverside
140 5,999 Villa Park Orange
113 21,486 Duarte Los Angeles
141 5,712 La Habra Heights Los Angeles
114 21,144 South El Monte Los Angeles
142 5,438 Big Bear Lake San Bernardino
115 20,537 Agoura Hills Los Angeles
143 5,125 Running Springs San Bernardino
116 20,318 La Cañada Flintridge Los Angeles
144 3,127 Avalon Los Angeles
117 20,046 Lomita Los Angeles
145 2,155 Arlington Riverside
118 18,681 Loma Linda San Bernardino
146 1,875 Hidden Hills Los Angeles
119 18,566 Hermosa Beach Los Angeles
147 1,871 Rolling Hills Los Angeles
120 17,438 Santa Fe Springs Los Angeles
148 1,446 Irwindale Los Angeles
121 16,380 Artesia Los Angeles
149 855 Bradbury Los Angeles
122 16,033 El Segundo Los Angeles
150 777 Industry Los Angeles
123 15,408 La Palma Orange
151 -- Vernon Los Angeles
124 14,779 Hawaiian Gardens Los Angeles
152 -- Point Dume Los Angeles
125 13,643 Fillmore Ventura
153 -- Topanga Los Angeles
126 13,340 Palos Verdes Estates Los Angeles
154 -- Devore San Bernardino
127 12,945 San Marino Los Angeles
155 -- Winchester Riverside
128 12,575 Malibu Los Angeles
City 156 -- Venice Los Angeles
129 12,568 Commerce Los Angeles
Comparisons 157 -- Wilmington Los Angeles
130 11,626 Grand Terrace San Bernardino
158 -- San Pedro Los Angeles
131 11,536 Los Alamitos Orange
159 -- Watts Los Angeles
The total population of Los Angeles is 13,100,768

source:
U.S. Census 2000 (www.census.gov)
50.5 km 51.0 km 51.5 km 52.0 km 52.5 km 53.0 km

How big is the population of Los Angeles compared
to other major metropolitan areas? London x 1.8
Amsterdam x 8.2
Hong Kong x 1.9
Paris x 6.1
�� Madrid x 4.6

��
��
Barcelona x 8.7
��
��
��
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Taipei x 2.7
��
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�� Chicago x 4.5
��
��
��
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�� Philadelphia x 8.6

Sydney x 3.2
Phoenix x 9.9 Caracas x 3.8

Brasilia x 6.6
Agglomeration ��
Comparisons Houston x 6.7
sources:
The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2001 (New York: World Almanac Books, 2001)
57.0 km
It has often been confidently predicted that Los Angeles will eventually become the first
“world city,” both in its techno-economics and in the mosaic of its population and
culture, what Mayor Richard Riordan calls “the capital city of the future.” But it may
be a future like none ever envisaged in America. In the apparently unbridgeable gap
between the people on the streets and barrios, and those in the picture-window suites,
Los Angeles bears worrisome resemblances to Caracas and Singapore, to Warsaw
and Seoul, and, until recently at least, to Hong Kong. The elites behind those picture
windows have more in common with their offshore counterparts than they do with their
compatriots down below and beyond the gates. 56.0 km 56.5 km
Peter Schrag, Paradise Lost: California’s Experience, America’s Future

(New York: The New Press, 1998), 279–80.
53.5 km 54.0 km 54.5 km 55.0 km Claremont 55.5 km

68.5 km
57.5 km
58.0 km
58.5 km
LOS ANGELES
34
59.0 km 59.5 km
60.0 km
60.5 km
61.0 km
61.5 km 62.0 km
62.5 km 63.0 km 63.5 km
64.0 km 64.5 km 65.0 km 65.5 km
66.0 km 66.5 km 67.0 km 67.5 km 68.0 km

69.0 km
69.5 km 70.0 km
70.5 km 71.0 km 71.5 km 72.0 km 72.5 km

Sao Paulo
Tokyo
LOS ANGELES
36
New York City
Agglomeration
Comparisons
Mexico City
Bombay
73.0 km 73.5 km 74.0 km 74.5 km 75.0 km 75.5 km

Lagos
Shanghai
Los Angeles
Agglomerations around the globe, 2001

rank population city projected population (2015) projected rank (2015)
1. 26,444,000 Tokyo 26,444,000 2
2. 21,199,865 New York City 29,043,815 1
3. 18,131,000 Mexico City 19,180,000 9
4. 18,066,000 Bombay 26,138,000 3
5. 17,755,000 São Paulo 20,397,000 7
6. 13,427,000 Lagos 23,173,000 4
7. 13,100,768 Los Angeles 21,139,700 5
8. 12,918,000 Calcutta 17,252,000 11
9. 12,887,000 Shanghai 14,575,000 13
10. 12,560,000 Buenos Aires 14,076,000 14
source:
The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2001 (New York: World Almanac Education Group, Inc., 2001)
Buenos Aires
Los Angeles is a new addition to the list of world cities—a city that hardly existed
in the middle of the nineteenth century, which is on course to become the largest
Calcutta
in the United States, a key focus of the Pacific economy, a city that is still growing
with the frenetic speed of the Third World. Equally, it is a city that is peculiarily geared
to the fragmented shape of the post-industrial economy, a place which is a key centre
simultaneously for low-skilled, low-wage manufacturing and the highest of high
technology, as well as for what some at least would say is the most important of all,
that is the Hollywood image manufacturing industry, with its power to tap deep-seated
emotional responses to the Los Angeles way of life.
Deyan Sudjic, The 100 Mile City (New York: Harvest Books, 1993), 265–66.
76.0 km 76.5 km 77.0 km 77.5 km 78.0 km 78.5 km

79.0 km 79.5 km 80.0 km 80.5 km 81.0 km 81.5 km
San–San Megalopolis Los–Las Megalopolis Boston–D.C. Megalopolis

(San Francisco to San Diego) (Los Angeles to Las Vegas) (Boston to Washington, D.C.)
Population 29,016,756 Population 14,866,019 Population 42,004,111

1. Bakersfield 1. Apple Valley, California 1. Bridgeport, Connecticut
2. Concord 2. Baker, California 2. New Haven, Connecticut
3. Dana Point 3. Barstow, California 3. Norwalk, Connecticut
4. Encinitas 4. Hesperia, California 4. Stamford, Connecticut
5. Escondido 5. Los Angeles, California 5. Washington, D.C.
LOS ANGELES 6. Fresno 6. Riverside, California 6. Wilmington, Delaware
38 7. Gilroy
8. Hanford
9. Lancaster
7. San Bernardino, California
8. Victorville, California
9. Henderson, Nevada
7. Baltimore, Maryland
8. Boston, Massachusetts
9. Lowell, Massachusetts
10. Lompoc 10. Las Vegas, Nevada 10. Worchester, Massachusetts
11. Long Beach 11. Atlantic City, New Jersey
12. Los Angeles 12. Jersey City, New Jersey
13. Los Banos 13. Newark, New Jersey
14. Madera 14. Trenton, New Jersey
15. Merced 15. Brooklyn, New York
16. Modesto 16. New York City, New York
17. Monterey 17. Queens, New York
18. Moorpark 18. Staten Island, New York
19. Napa 19. White Plains, New York
20. Oakland 20. Allentown, Pennsylvania
21. Oceanside 21. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
22. Oxnard 22. Lancaster, Pennsylvania
23. Palmdale 23. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
24. Palo Alto 24. Reading, Pennsylvania
25. Porterville 25. York, Pennsylvania
26. Riverside 26. Providence, Rhode Island
27. Sacramento
28. Salinas
29. San Bernardino
30. San Diego
31. San Francisco
32. San Jose
33. San Luis Obispo
34. Santa Barbara
35. Santa Clarita
Megalopolis
36. Santa Cruz
82.0 km Comparisons
37. Santa Maria
38. Santa Monica
82.5 km 83.0 km 83.5 km 84.0 km
39. Santa Rosa
40. Stockton
41. Thousand Oaks
42. Tulare
43. Tustin
44. Vacaville
45. Vallejo
46. Visalia
47. Woodland
source:
10
9
San–San Megalopolis 8
1 Boston–D.C. Megalopolis
4
10
7
5 9 8
6 9
1
47 Los–Las Megalopolis
4
39
27 7 8
19 5
44 6
10
45
8
2 1 26
31 40 4
20
7
24 16 5
6 9
32 2
36 15 1
7 8
6 13 19 3
4
28 14 10
16
17 12 17
8
15
46 26
42 6 13 18
1
25 20
8
14 46 14
42 24 2 13
21 23 1
1 25 20
22 6 19 3
6 4
25 14
84.5 km 33 16 24
8 12 17 23
15 21
46 1
22 6
42 7 13 18
9 37 25
25 20
18 35 23 10
14
41 34 5 24 7
12 9 23
29 21
1
38
11 26 18 35 23 22 6
22
41 25
43 5
12 29
3 38
11 26 7
9
21
43
18 35 423 5
3
41 5
12 21
30
29
38 5
11 26 4
43
3 30
21
4 5
30
85.0 km 85.5 km 86.0 km Monterey Park 86.5 km 87.0 km 87.5 km

If considered among states, Los Angeles
would be the 5th most populous in the nation.
1. California 33,871,648
2. Texas 20,851,820
3. New York 18,976,457
4. Florida 15,982,378
LOS ANGELES
40
5. Los Angeles 13,100,768
1. California 2. Texas 3. New York 4. Florida

5. Los Angeles
Agglomeration
88.5 km
88.0 km
Among states, the population of Los Angeles equals

2.4 Wisconsins 4.6 Mississippis 14.5 Montanas
1.1 Pennsylvanias
2.5 Marylands 4.9 Arkansas 16.7 Delawares
1.1 Illinoises
2.6 Arizonas 4.9 Kansas 17.4 South Dakotas
1.2 Ohios
State 2.7 Minnesotas 5.9 Utahs 20.4 North Dakotas
1.3 Michigans
Comparisons 2.9 Alabamas 6.6 Nevadas 20.9 Alaskas
1.6 Georgias
2.9 Louisianas 7.2 New Mexicos 21.5 Vermonts
1.6 New Jerseys
3.1 Colorados 7.2 West Virginias 22.9 District of Columbias
1.6 North Carolinas
3.2 Kentuckys 7.7 Nebraskas 26.5 Wyomings
1.9 Virginias
3.3 South Carolinas 10.1 Idahos
2.1 Massachusetts
3.8 Oklahomas 10.3 Maines
2.2 Indianas
3.8 Oregons 10.6 New Hampshires
2.2 Washingtons
3.9 Connecticuts 10.8 Hawaiis
2.3 Missouris
4.5 Iowas 12.5 Rhode Islands
2.3 Tennessees
source:
89.0 km 89.5 km 90.0 km 90.5 km 91.0 km 91.5 km

Among countries, the population of Los Angeles equals
1.2 Cubas 1.5 Finlands
1.2 Greeces Country
2.5 Denmarks
Comparisons
1.3 Belgiums 3.2 Singapores
1.3 Czech Republics 3.4 New Zealands
1.3 Hungarys 3.5 Irelands
1.3 Portugals 4.7 Panamas
1.5 Swedens 47.5 Icelands
1.8 Switzerlands
Los Angeles vs. the ten most populous

countries in the world
rank country population or how many L.A. agglomerations
1. China 1,261,832,482 96
2. India 1,014,003,817 77
3. United States of America 275,562,673 21
4. Indonesia 224,784,210 17
5. Brazil 172,860,370 13
93.0 km
6. Russia 146,001,176 11
7. Pakistan 141,553,775 10
8. Bangladesh 129,194,224 9
9. Japan 126,549,976 9
10. Nigeria 123,337,822 9
60. Los Angeles 13,100,768 or one Ecuador or Guatemala

source:
Guatemala
Ecuador
Los Angeles Agglomeration
92.0 km 92.5 km 93.5 km 94.0 km 94.5 km

Los Angeles among nations—a short population sketch
Country
Comparisons
1
2
4
3
1
9 2 7
3
LOS ANGELES
42 8 5
11
6 16 19
8
5
4
17
10 5
1 20 12 14
7 15 4 918
10 2 13
7 313 12
6
11
13
14
15
12
95.5 km
96.0 km
16
97.0 km
95.0 km 97.5 km
96.5 km
The Netherlands Los Angeles

Population 15,892,237 Population 13,100,768
1. Delfzijl 1. Los Angeles

2. Groningen 2. Long Beach
3. Assen 3. Santa Ana
4. Leeuwarden 4. Anaheim
5. Zwolle 5. Riverside
6. Arnhem 6. Glendale
7. Utrecht 7. Huntington Beach
8. Amsterdam 8. San Bernardino
9. Den Helder 9. Garden Grove
10. The Hague 10. Ontario
11. Rotterdam 11. Santa Clarita
12. Terneuzen 12. Pomona
13. Dordrecht 13. Irvine
14. Tilburg 14. Moreno Valley
15. Eindhoven 15. Torrance
16. Maastricht 16. Pasadena
17. Fontana
18. Orange
19. Rancho Cucamonga
20. Fullerton
98.0 km
1
2
4
3
1
9 2 7
3
4 8
5 6
8 5
9
7
13
12 10
6
1
14 3 11
2 4
15
4 11
9
5 10
6 8 12
16 7
9 8
13
15
7
14 10
16
21
11
17
13
14
19
15
18 12
20
16
Switzerland Belgium
Population 7,262,372 Population 10,241,506
1. Schaffhausen 1. Zeebrugge
2. Frauenfeld 2. Ostend
3. Liestal 3. Bruges
4. Delemont 4. Ghent
5. Biel 5. Kortrijk
6. Neuchâtel 6. Brussels
7. Bern 7. Antwerp
8. Lucerne 8. Hasselt
9. Sarnen 9. Liège
10. Zug 10. Namur
98.5 km
11. Saint Gallen 11. Bastogne
12. Glarus 12. Charleroi
13. Altdorf 13. Mons
14. Grindelwald
15. Thun
16. Lausanne 100.5 km
17. Geneva 99.0 km Downtown Los Angeles 99.5 km 100.0 km
18. Zermatt
19. Locarno
20. Lugano
21. St. Moritz
106.0 km Jefferson Park
LOS ANGELES Sprawl
44
101.0 km
Jogging in the dark on Halloween of 1988, on the unfinished interstate leading out of
Forney,
of Forney,
Texas,
Texas,
Grant
Grant
waswas
called
called
by by
thethe
moon.
moon.NotNotthat
that
he he
hadn’t
hadn’tbeen
been ready
ready
to to
go—go—
he’d been thinking a lot about Los Angeles, anyway. He’d applied to the Art Center in
Pasadena
in Pasadenaasasa kind
a kind
ofof
dare
dare
toto
himself.
himself.
But
Butuntil
untilthat
thatparticular
particularnight,
night,hehedidn’t
didn’tbelieve
believe
he would go. He doesn’t really even want to say this, as it’s strange, but that night
he seemed actually to feel the moon drawing him westward, beyond Dallas, beyond
Abilene, all the way to LA.
L.A.
101.5 km JayPaul,
Jim Gummerman, Chez
Medieval in LA: Chance
A Fiction (Berkeley:
(Washington, D.C.:University of 1996),
Counterpoint, California
109. Press, 1997). 103.5 km
102.0 km 102.5 km 103.0 km

The westward movement of national
population centers, 1800–2000
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
source: www.census.gov (U.S. Census 2000)
104.0 km 104.5 km 105.0 km 105.5 km

107.0 km
Top 10 “sprawlers” and the in per-capita wth

sources of sprawl ted
to g
r ow th
pop
ula
ti o n gro
la to
l re ted
s p raw ption l r ela
f m raw
% o consu f sp
d %o
city lan
1. Atlanta 36 64
LOS ANGELES 2. Houston 30 70
Sprawl
46
3. New York City 100 0
4. Washington, D.C. 53 47
5. Philadelphia 89 11
6. Los Angeles 0 100
7. Dallas-Fort Worth 0 100
8. Tampa 15 85
9. Phoenix 0 100
10. Minneapolis-St. Paul 49 51
source:
Sprawl City (www.sprawlcity.org)
106.5 km
107.5 km 108.0 km 108.5 km 109.0 km 109.5 km

Population density change, 1990–1997
above 1,000
501-1,000
1-500
decline
source:
Southern California Association of Governments (www.scag.ca.gov)
I remember the day I found the other end. It was a moody, rainy morning in the spring
of 1990, and I braved the freeways for three-plus hours in my thirteen-year-old Honda
Civic to go to Moreno Valley in Riverside County. Skidding across the wet lanes
110.0 km
of the freeway—Southern Californians are terrible wet-weather drivers, treating every
rainstorm as if it were a blizzard—I traveled through suburb after suburb, past shopping
center after shopping center and tract after tract. Camarillo. Calabasas. Woodland
Hills. Sherman Oaks. Studio City. Glendale. Pasadena. Duarte. San Dimas. Pomona.
Corona. The suburban monotony was so continuous that it was numbing. 112.5 km
110.5 km 111.0 km William Fulton, The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban Growth in Los Angeles
(Point Arena, Ca.: Solano Press Books, 1997), 1-2.
111.5 km 112.0 km
113.0 km 113.5 km 114.0 km Culver City 114.5 km 115.0 km
116.0 km 116.5 km 117.0 km 117.5 km 118.0 km
121.0 km 121.5 km 122.0 km 122.5 km 123.0 km
LOS ANGELES
48
125.5 km 126.0 km 126.5 km 127.0 km
127.5 km 128.0 km
130.0 km
128.5 km
129.0 km
129.5 km
130.5 km
115.5 km
118.5 km Marina Del Rey 119.0 km 119.5 km 120.0 km 120.5 km Santa Monica
123.5 km 124.0 km 124.5 km 125.0 km
131.0 km
Two general kinds of rhetoric can be distinguished, then. One is a kind of hyperbolic
exceptionalism. In this case, Los Angeles has been treated as the big exception
in the history of urbanism…. The other tradition puts Los Angeles into a context
of paradigmatic normalcy. In this case, Los Angeles has been assumed to be the future
model for all cities….
Roger Keil, Los Angeles (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), xiv.
photos 50-54: B. Kalpin
NATURAL
HABITAT
50
NATURAL
HABITAT
52
S. Zukowski
Desert Natural
Disaster:
Earthquakes
Flora Natural
Disaster:
Wildfires
NATURAL Ecological Fauna

HABITAT Footprint
54
Ocean Temperature
Rivers & Precipitation

Lakes
Mountains Wind
Natural
Disaster:
Landslides
NATURAL
HABITAT
56
“Oh, I love L.A.,” the twenty-seven-year-old flack gushed

over lunch at the Lido Buffet. “You’ve got the moun-
tains, you’ve got the ocean, you’ve got the desert. Not
that I ever go to any of these places, but it’s nice to know
they’re there.”
Dennis Hensley, Misadventures in the ( 213 ): A Novel (New York: Rob Weisbach Books, 1998), 12.
Paranoia about nature, of course, distracts attention
from the obvious fact that Los Angeles has deliberately
put itself in harm’s way. For generations, market-driven
urbanization has transgressed environmental common
sense. Historic wildfire corridors have been turned into
view-lot suburbs, wetland liquefaction zones into marinas,
and floodplains into industrial districts and housing tracts.
Monolithic public works have been substituted for region-
al planning and a responsible land ethic. As a result,
Southern California has reaped flood, fire, and earthquake
tragedies that were as avoidable, as unnatural, as the
beating of Rodney King and the ensuing explosion in the
streets. In failing to conserve natural ecosystems it has
also squandered much of its charm and beauty.
Mike Davis, Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998), 9.
NATURAL
HABITAT
58 Osaka,
Japan
34˚ latitude
Los Angeles Columbia, S.C. Casablanca,
Morocco
Beirut,
Lebanon
118˚ longitude
Los Angeles is located at 34˚ north latitude

and 118˚ west longitude. 34˚ north latitude is also home to:
Osaka, Japan
Columbia, South Carolina
Casablanca, Morocco
Beirut, Lebanon
Los Angeles sits like a car-seat cover, carefully strapped across the elevations of the
Santa Monica and San Gabriel Mountains, tugged in at the coastline and open towards
the north and east where the deserts begin. Underneath the cover, the big story of
California history is played out in suprahuman intensity and temporality. It is a story
of plate tectonics and earthquakes. Compression and strike-slip motion set the slow
but unhaltable pace for the constant reshaping of Southern Californian landscapes.
Undead at all times, the seat under the cover is good for many a surprise eruption
and certain shifts that measure times in eternities. Yet, many features of today’s
Southern Californian landscape are witnesses of a more tangible and recent change.
The dramatic shift of the mouth of the Los Angeles River from where the International
Airport is today and to its current Long Beach location in 1825 after catastrophic
flooding in the San Gabriel Mountains, is among them. Nothing under and above the
seatcover of built and natural environments in Southern California is stable, nothing
but change itself.
Roger Keil, Los Angeles (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), xiii.
Los Angeles
Ecological
Footprint
Peru
Los Angeles comprises 450 square miles.

The ecological footprint of Los Angeles
comprises 521,000 square miles, or the size of Peru.
Ecological footprint: That area of productive ecosystems outside its borders
that is appropriated for resource consumption and waste assimilation.
—World Resources Institute
sources:
Southern California Association of Governments (www.scag.gov)
S. Moon
NATURAL
HABITAT
60
Ocean
J. Rocholl
K. Müller
M. Lipson
S. Moon
S. Moon S. Moon
J. Rocholl
M. Lipson M. Lipson
Beach Report Card, 2000

Dry weather grade
A 66%
B 14%
C 6%
D 8%
F 6%
Wet weather grade (days of recorded rainfall and following 3 days)

A 12%
B 11%
C 8%
D 4%
NATURAL F 65%
HABITAT
62
Heal the Bay’s Beach Report Card™
Card is the only comprehensive examination
of coastal water quality in Southern California. The report grades local
beaches on an A-F scale based on daily and weekly water-quality monitoring data
collected by various county and city public agencies throughout Southern
California. Beach Report Card grades are based only on biological pollution—
Ocean
the report card does not include data on the amount of trash or toxins found
at local beaches. Water quality drops dramatically during and immediately after
a rainstorm, but often rebounds to its previous level within a few days. For this
reason, wet weather data is analyzed separately in order to avoid artificially
lowering a location’s grade for the entire month.
M. Lipson
source:
Beach Report Card,
Card Heal the Bay (www.healthebay.org)
S. Moon S. Moon
Malibu Beach & Pier

Old Joe’s Sunset Boulevard
Point Dume Malibu Colony Lighthouse Jetties
Santa Monica Palisades
Topanga Paciﬁc Ocean Park
Paradise Cove Toes Over the Jetty
Latigo Canyon Santa Monica Pier
Venice
Marina del Rey El Segundo
Manhattan Beach
Playa del Rey
D&W King Harbor
Redondo Beach Breakwater
Hermosa Beach $100,000
Haggerty’s
$113,750
Middle’s Long Beach $3.9 million $ being invested by state on sand

Avalanche Naples
Palos Verdes Cove
Seal Beach replacement and research
Lunada Bay $255,250
Resort Point Surfside Beach
Abalone Cove Seal Beach Pier
Surfside Jetty
Beach name
Huntington Beach & Pier
Portuguese Bend Sunset Beach
Bolsa Chica State Park Santa Ana Rivermouth
Royal Palms $40,250
San Pedro Huntington Beach State Park Balboa
Cabrillo Beach Corona Del Mar Jetty
Newport Beach Cameo Shores Cove
Laguna Beach
Scotchman’s Cove Victoria Cove
Rockpile
Aliso Creek Dana Point
Doheny Beach State Park
Salt Creek
Killer Capo
San Clemente Pier
The Depot The Riviera
Trafalgar St.
San Clemente State Park Upper Trestle
Cotton’s Point Lower Trestle
San Onofre
San Onofre State Park
source:
The Office of Governor Gray Davis
map source:
Allan “Bank” Wright, Jr., Surfing California (Redondo Beach, Ca.: Mountain & Sea Publishing, 1985)
S. Moon
They talked politely for a while about the smog, about the decline in property values,
and the tendency of people to hide away in their own gated neighborhoods.
“There won’t be any public land left. We already haven’t got any parks. This city
is shameful on parks.”
“We’ve got beaches.”
“You got beaches. Browns and blacks are marooned inland.”
“Maybe the Big One will come along and move the shoreline inland a few miles.”
John Shannon, The Concrete River (Salem, Ore.: John Brown Books, 1996), 157.
photos: A. Scott
Major rivers
There are 465 miles of river in Los Angeles, requiring 4,621 square miles of
drainage area (an area 10 times the size of Los Angeles).
river length (miles) drainage area (miles2)
Los Angeles 97 830
Rio Hondo 20 125
San Gabriel 59 350
Santa Clara 75 1,616
Santa Ana 214 1,700
sources:
City of Redlands (www.ci.redlands.ca.us)
NATURAL
HABITAT
64
photos 64-67: S. Callis
Rivers &
Lakes
Sierra Pelona
Pacoima
ima
Reservoir Little Paco
h San Gabriel Mountains Cajon Forks Reservoir

nga Was Wash
Big Tuju Fish Fork L yt l
riel
e Cr
eek
n Gab
Lower Van Norman Cedar Springs Dam
Arroyo Seco Silverwood
Lake Big Bear Lake
a
Cajon
or k S
Hansen Lake
Cogswell Summit
Chatsworth Dam
E. F
Lake Arrowhead
Ly t
Reservoir San Fernando Devils Gate Reservoir
San Gabriel Lake Gregory
l ec
Reservoir
Valley
ajo
Reservoir
nC
Sepulveda SA
Morris
reek
Dam Big Dalton
Reservoir Reservoir
NB
ER
Encino
Hollywood San Dimas NA
Reservoir Santa Fe Reservoir RD
Stone Canyon
Reservoir
Dam INO
Silverlake MO
Reservoir Puddingston
Santa Monica Mountains
Reservoir
Reservoir UN
TA
Whittlet Narrows INS
Dam
do
Puente
H on
r
Hills ive
Point Dume R io An
aR
Chino Hills
Prado Flood n ta
Control Basin Sa
Brea Carbon Canyon
er
Santa Monica Bay Reservoir

eles Riv
Reservoir
Fullerton Yorba Linda Lake Perris
r
Mockingbird Lake
a briel Rive
Reservoir Reservoir Tem Perris Dam

Los Ang
e s ca Lake Mathews
Peters Canyon l Wa
sh
Reservoir
San G
Irvine Lake
(Santiago
Reservoir)
Sa
nt
sh
Wa
aA
on
Point Fermin na
ny
Mo
Ca
rs
un
te
San Pedro Channel ta

Pe
in
San Pedro Bay s
San Joaquin
Hills
dams
Dana Point
rivers
100 year flood
200 year flood
historical flood
From its beginning in the suburbs of the San Fernando Valley to its mouth at the
Pacific Ocean, the river’s bed and banks are almost entirely concrete. Little water
flows in its wide channel most of the year, and nearly all that does is treated sewage
and oily street runoff. Chain link fence and barbed wire line the river’s fifty-one-mile
course. Graffiti mark its concrete banks. Discarded sofas, shopping carts, and trash
litter its channel. Weeds that poke through cracks in the pavement are the only plants
visible along most of its course. Fish larger than minnows are rare even where the
river does contain water. Feral cats, rats, and human transients are the dominant
animal life on its shores.
For much of its history, the Los Angeles River has been little more than a local joke.
Though millions of people cross it every day on more than a hundred bridges,
many do not even realize that the concrete conduit that passes under or alongside
some of the nation’s busiest highways is, in fact, the bed of a river.
Blake Gumprecht, The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death and Possible Rebirth
(Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1999), 1.
NATURAL
HABITAT
66
Rivers &
Lakes
Few people in L.A. noticed the natural features that were still there beneath the grid
of streets—like the slope a mile north at Rose that had been the north bank of the
floodplain. He had once enjoyed knowing things like that, the broken geography under
the asphalt and the lost flora and fauna, it was like getting a leg up on the massive
denial that the city feasted on, but he was becoming tired of knowing too many things
that did him no good.
John Shannon, The Concrete River (Salem, Ore.: John Brown Books, 1996 ), 47.
There used to be
enough water to
irrigate with
nearly all year-round
around here.
Where did it go?
Literally, where did it go?
go
Now there’s just the
Technical Advisory Board
of Friends of the Los Angeles River
trying to figure out
how much of it
has been lost.
Lewis MacAdams, The River: Books One & Two (San Francisco: Blue Press, 1998).
Santa Catalina 2,125 ft.
photos: E. Kozma
68
Ocean
HABITAT
Pacific
NATURAL
Whittier Fault 239 ft.
Lowest point in L.A.

Wilmington –9 ft.
Palos Verdes Hills 1,470 ft.

0 ft.
Los Angeles Basin
2,238 ft.
Mt. San Antonio 10,064 ft.
Southern California
Elevation comparison
Highest point in L.A.

Mojave Desert 3,651 ft.
Mountains
Sea Level
Denver Basin 5,183 ft.
Snowmass Mountain 12,510 ft.
Pikes Peak 14,110 ft.
Mt. Elbert 14,433 ft.
Colorado
Uncompahgre Uplift 14,309 ft.
K. Hirt
Over the years, the Santa Monicas have drawn to them a unique collection of self-styled
mountain people, mystics, misanthropes, environmentalists, ardent slow-growth
suburbanites, and wealthy executives posing as simple rural folk. In the fifteen or so
miles before the flats open up again in Thousand Oaks, these people have dotted
the landscape with an eclectic collection of hillside hideaways, ostentatious gated
subdivisions, ersatz horse farms, and ordinary tract homes that brush up against
nature—all of which they protect from flatland interlopers like West Virginia
moonshiners trying to fend off federal agents with a few rusty shotguns.
William Fulton, The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban Growth in Los Angeles (Point Arena, Ca.:
Solano Press Books, 1997), 177–78.
K. Hirt
top photos: S. Smith
Desert
NATURAL
HABITAT
70
bottom photos: S. Moon

Today, the physical manifestations of…human pressures have become evident across
the entire desert landscape: over 100 communities, ranging in type from one-person
mining settlements to resorts; large industrial mining operations and thousands
of speculative digs; canal-fed agricultural valleys; nine military bases and testing
grounds; 1.1 electrical power generating plants; 3,500 miles of high-capacity power
transmission lines; 12,000 miles of oil and gas pipelines; over 100 communication sites
on ridges and mountaintops; 15,000 miles of paved and maintained roads;
and thousands more miles of roads and ways cut solely by motorized vehicles.
The California Desert Conservation Area Plan 1980 (amended 1999),
California Bureau of Land Management, www.ca.blm.gov
photos: S. Smith
Desert
NATURAL
HABITAT
72
The California deserts were cooler and moister places in the past. Prior to the end
of the last Ice Age, Joshua trees, pinyon pines, sagebrush, and junipers extended
across broader expanses than they do today. A subsequent drying trend caused these
plant communities to retreat to higher elevations, leaving small enclaves of white fir
forests on mountaintops and species like the creosote bush to dominate the lowlands.
This trend toward increasing dryness is evident in rainfall records kept since the last
century. Today, parts of the Sonora Desert receive less water than any other place
in the United States.
The California Desert Conservation Area Plan 1980 (amended 1999),
California Bureau of Land Management, www.ca.blm.gov
K. Müller
Flora
NATURAL
HABITAT
74
In the artificial landscape that is contemporary Los Angeles, where even the palm
trees were imported…
Blake Gumprecht, The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death and Possible Rebirth
(Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press), 3.
M. Lipson
Just then it was the complex smell of the side street—cut grass, oleander,
and gardenia scent in the hot, slightly metallic air, a particular LA infusion….
Jim Paul, Medieval in LA: A Fiction (Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1996), 40.
photos below: J. Fleischmann photos below: J. Rocholl photos below: J. Fleischmann
S. Moon
Flora
NATURAL
HABITAT
76
photos below: J. Fleischmann
S. Moon
Native
abrams’ dudleya, abrams’ alumroot, abrupt-beak sedge, acton’s encelia, adobe popcornflower, adobe yampah, african mustard, agrimony, ajamete, alabaster plant, alaska rein orchid, albert’s creeping zinnia, alkali heath, alkali jimmyweed, alkali mal-
low, alkali mariposa lily, alkali milk-vetch, alkali muhly, alkali phacelia, alkali sacaton, alkali weed, alpine everlasting, alpine gooseberry, alpine groundsel, alpine mountain-sorrel, alpine pyrrocoma, alpine shooting star, alvord’s oak,
amblyopappus, ambrosia-leaved burbush, american alpine speedwell, american dogwood, american parsley fern, american rocket, american speedwell, american trailplant, american tule, american vetch, anderson’s lupine, anderson’s thistle, andro-
sace monkeyflower, angel trumpets, angled-stem buckwheat, annual burrweed, annual coastal plantain, annual desert milk-vetch, annual mountain dandelion, annual muhly, annual pearlwort, annual phlox, annual psathyrotes, annual stillingia, annual tule, annual
woolly sunflower, antelope bitterbrush, annual hairgrass, apache plume, aparejo grass, appressed muhly, argus bedstraw, argus blazing star, arizona brome, arizona centaury, arizona cymopterus, arizona cypress, arizona ephedra, arizona herba impia, arizona honeysweet,
arizona hymenoxys, arizona lupine, arizona popcorn flower, arizona sandmat, arizona skyrocket, arizona thistle, arrowhead butterweed, arrow-weed, arroyo lupine, arroyo willow, artemisia-leaved chaenactis, ashen milk-vetch, ashey silk tassel, ash-gray indian paintbrush,
ashy spike-moss, autumn willowweed, aven nelson’s scorpionweed, baby blue eyes, bailey’s buckwheat, baja birdbush, baja desert thorn, baja navarretia, baja pectocarya, baldwin lake desert trumpets, ball saltbush, ballona cinquefoil, baltic rush, banana yucca,
barneby’s phacelia, baron flats horkelia, basin butterweed, basket rush, bastardsage, beach evening-primrose, beach morning-glory, beach pinecoulter pine, beach shieldpod, beach-bur, beaked penstemon, beaked rattle-weed, beaked spikerush, bearded cryptantha,
bearded flatsedge, bearded melic, beautiful rock-cress, beaver monolepis, beavertail cactus, bee balm, beetle spurge, bent spikerush, biennial cinquefoil, big bear valley phlox, big bear valley sandwort, big bear valley woollypod, big bulrush, big sagebrush, big saltbush,
big squirreltail, big-berry manzanita, bigcone spruce, bigelow corssosoma, bigelow’s blue grass, bigelow’s coreopsis, bigelow’s desert four-o’clock, bigelow’s linanthus, bigelow’s monkeyflower, bigelow’s nolina, bigleaf crownbeard, bigleaf lupine, big-leaf maple, big-pod
ceanothus, big-seed alfalfa dodder, bindweed, bioletti’s cudweed, birch-leaf mountain mahogany, bird-foot checkerbloom, birdnest buckwheat, bird’s-foot fern, birdsfoot trefoil, bishop pine, bitter cherry, bitter dogbane, bitter gooseberry, bitter root, black brush, black
elderberry, black flatsedge, black grama, black sage, black sagebrush, black sedge, black-foot gayophytum, bladder fern, bladderpod, blairs’ cliffaster, blazing star, blochman’s dudleya, blow-wives, blue dicks, blue elderberry, blue field-gilia, blue grama, blue oak, blue
sage, blue toad-flax, blue wildrye, blue-berry dwarf-mistletoe, blueblossom, blue-eyed grass, blue-podded rock-cress, blue-stemmed keckiella, blue-witch nightshade, bluish spike-moss, bluntleaf yellow-cress, bog alkaligrass, bog yellow-cress, boisduvalia, bolander’s blue
grass, bolander’s quillwort, bolander’s sedge, bolander’s skullcap, booth’s sun cup, bracted blazing star, bracted popcorn flower, bracted verbena, branched woolly sunflower, branching gilia, branching phacelia, brandegee’s woolstar, brand’s phacelia, braunton’s milk-vetch,
brewer’s angelica, brewer’s rock-cress, brewer’s aster, brewer’s bitter-cress, brewer’s calandrinia, brewer’s cliff-brake, brewer’s fleabane, brewer’s lupine, brewer’s miterwort, brewer’s monardella, brewer’s monkeyflower, brewer’s mountain-heather, brewer’s ragwort,
brickellia-leaved hazardia, bridges’ campion, bridges’ gilia, bright green buckwheat, bright-white, bristle-fruit sedge, bristly langloisia, bristly sedge, bristly spermolepis, brittle spineflower, brittlebush, broad-fruited combseed, broad-leaf arrowhead, broad-leaf gilia, broad-
leaved lotus, broad-liped twayblade, broad-seeded rock-cress, broad-toothed monkeyflower, brook cinquefoil, brook saxifrage, broom baccharis, broom groundsel, broom snakeweed, brown dogwood, brown sedge, browneyes, brown-head sedge, brown-headed rush,
brownspined pricklypear, buck brush, bugle hedgenettle, bull clover, burhead, burlew’s onion, bur-marigold, burro grass, burrobrush, bush arrowleaf, bush muhly, bush poppy, bush-loving cryptantha, bushrue, bushy cryptantha, bushy spikemoss, butter n’ eggs, butterfly
mariposa, button encelia, calabazilla, california adder’s-tongue, california allseed, california amaranth, california ayenia, california barberry, california barrel cactus, california beardtongue, california bedstraw, california black oak, california blackberry, california box-thorn,
california brickellia, california brome, california broomrape, california broomshrub, california buckeye, california buckwheat, california buttercup, california caltrop, california chicory, california cloak fern, california coffeeberry, california
copperleaf, california cord grass, california croton, california dandelion, california ditaxis, california dodder, california encelia, california evening-primrose, california everlasting, california fagonia, california false-indigo, california fan palm, california fescue, california
fiddleleaf, california figwort, california four o’clock, california geranium, california gilia, california goldenbanner, california goosefoot, california grass of parnassus, california groundcone, california heathgoldenrod, california hedgenettle, california herba impia, california
hesperochiron, california horkelia, california jointfir, california juniper, california lace-fern, california laurel, california lomatium, california loosestrife, california maiden-hair, california matchweed, california melic, california milkweed, california mountain geranium,
california mountain-ash, california muhly, california mustard, california oatgrass, california peony, california plantain, california polypody, california ponysfoot, california poppy, california pricklyphlox, california ragwort, california rayless butterweed, california red fir,
california saltbush, california sandwort, california sawgrass, california saxifrage, california scarlet campion, california seablite, california sealavender, california shieldpod, california spear-leaved brickellia, california spineflower, california stickseed, california sun cup,
california sunflower, california sweet-cicely, california sword fern, california sycamore, california tea, california tule, california valerian, california waterleaf, california waterwort, california wild grape, california wild rose, california willowherb, california yerba santa,
california orcutt grass, caltha-leafed phacelia, camphor weed, cane beardgrass, canyon birdsfoot trefoil, canyon bog orchid, canyon clarkia, canyon dodder, canyon dudleya, canyon live oak, canyon sunflower, capitate sandwort, carolina geranium, carved-seed, cascade
onion, catalina ceanothus, catalina crossosoma, catalina ironwood, catalina island mountain mahogany, catalina mariposa lily, catalina nightshade, catchfly prairie-gentian, catclaw acacia, catclaw horsebrush, cattle saltbush, ceanothus, chaffbush, chaffweed, chalk lettuce,
chamise, changeable phacelia, chaparral beard-tongue, chaparral blazing star, chaparral broomrape, chaparral bush mallow, chaparral clematis, chaparral currant, chaparral gilia, chaparral heathgoldenrod, chaparral honeysuckle, chaparral lotus, chaparral pea,
Flora
chaparral prickly-pear, chaparral snapgrgon, chaparral whitethorn, chaparral yucca, charleston sandwort, charming centaury, checkerbloom, chia sage, chick lupine, chickweed, chicory-leaved stephanomeria, child’s collinsia, chilean clover, chilean cudweed, chilean lotus,
chilean waterwort, chinese caps, chinese houses, chinook brome, chocolate lily, chokecherry, christmas berry, chuckwall pectocarya, chuparosa, cima milk-vetch, cithara buckwheat, clammy clover, clasping-bract sedge, clasping-leaved caulanthus, clementine sun cup,
cleveland sage, cleveland’s beardtongue, cleveland’s bush monkeyflower, cleveland’s cryptantha, cleveland’s horkelia, cleveland’s lipfern, cleveland’s tobacco, cliff brake, cliff cinquefoil, cliff fern, cliff spurge, cliff sword fern, cliff-aster, climbing bedstraw, clockwise gilia, clokey’s
cryptantha, clokey’s gilia, club-haired mariposa, cluster rose, clustered blazing star, clustered broomrape, clustered field sedge, clustered tarweed, coast allocarya, coast cryptantha, coast dudleya, coast live oak, coast prickly-pear, coast range brome, coast range triplet-lily,
coast range western flax, coast sagebrush, coast tarweed, coast wild cucumber, coastal agave, coastal brookfoam, coastal bush lupine, coastal cholla, coastal gilia, coastal goldfields, coastal gumweed, coastal lipfern, coastal lotus, coastal mugwort, coastal sagewort, coastal
tidytips, coastal woodfern, cobwebby hedge-nettle, cocklebur, coffee fern, cold-desert phlox, colorado desert buckwheat, colorado desert marigold, colorado desert mistletoe, colorado desert phacelia, colorado four o’clock, colorado riverhemp,
colubrina, columbia cutleaf, common bladderwort, common blennosperma, common bluecup, common bog rush, common california-aster, common cryptantha, common duckweed, common eucrypta, common fish-hook cactus, common goldenstar, common grapefern,
common gumplant, common hareleaf, common linanthus, common lomatium, common madia, common mares-tail, common monolopia, common nemacladus, common pacific pea, common pepper-grass, common phacelia, common pussypaws, common rabbitbrush,
NATURAL
common reed, common rock-cress, common rush, common spikerush, common spikeweed, common sun-rose, common tule, common verbena, common water weed, common woodland star, common yarrow, common yellow chaenactis, common yellow
HABITAT
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monkeyflower, condensed phlox, congested snakelily, contura creek spurge, coon’s tail, cooper’s dogweed, cooper’s box-thorn, cooper’s goldflower, cooper’s jewel-flower, cooper’s paper-daisy, cooper’s rein orchid, cooper’s rush, cottonheads, cotton-thorn, coulter’s snap-
dragon, coulter’s fleabane, coulter’s jewel-flower, coulter’s matilija poppy, coulter’s saltbush, coulter’s spiderling, coves’s cassia, coville’s gayophytum, coville’s lipfern, coville’s rush, cow parsnip, cowbag clover, cows clover, coyote brush, coyote gilia, coyote melon,
coyote tobacco, cream cups, creamy ladies-tresses, creeping sibbaldia, creeping snowberry, creeping spikerush, creeping spurge, creeping wild-rye, creosote bush, crested milk-vetch, crownscale, crum’s monolopia, cryptantha, cuchion cryptantha, cupped
monolopia, curled starwort, cursed crowfoot, curved-spine beavertail, curve-flowered skullcap, curvenut combseed, curve-nut cryptantha, cushenbury milk-vetch, cushion buckwheat, cut-leaved daisy, cycladenia, dainty gilia, dark red onion, davidson’s buckwheat,
davidson’s bush mallow, davidson’s phacelia, davidson’s stonecrop, davis’ desertdandelion, davis pitted onion, deane’s wirelettuce, death valle ephedra, death valley phacelia, death valley spurge, death valley sun cup, deceiving gayophytum, deep canyon snapdragon, deer
brush, deergrass, deerweed, delicate buttercup, delicate clarkia, delicate muhly, deltoid balsam-root, dense boisduvalia, dense false gilyflower, dense mistletoe, dense sedge, denseflower indian paintbrush, dense-flowered rein orchid, dense-fruited monkeyflower, depressed
fiddleleaf, desert agave, desert almond, desert apricot, desert bird’s beak, desert blazing star, desert brickellia, desert broomrape, desert bush nettle, desert calico, desert candle, desert ceanothus, desert centaury, desert christmas tree, desert collinsia, desert columbine,
desert cymopterus, desert dandelion, desert death-camas, desert dicoria, desert dodder, desert eucrypta, desert five-spot, desert golden poppy, desert gooseberry, desert goosefoot, desert holly, desert horsepurslane, desert lantern, desert lavender, desert lily, desert
linanthus, desert locust, desert lotus, desert lupine, desert mariposa, desert milkweed, desert milkwort, desert mistletoe, desert mountain mahogany, desert mouse-tail, desert needlegrass, desert nest straw, desert noseburn, desert oak, desert olive, desert pale gilia,
desert panicgrass, desert peach, desert penstemon, desert pepper-grass, desert pincushion, desert pine, desert plantain, desert portulaca, desert princesplume, desert red maids, desert sage, desert sand verbena, desert sand-parsley, desert sandwort, desert scrub oak,
desert snowberry, desert star, desert star-vine, desert sunflower, desert syringa, desert thornapple, desert tobacco, desert trumpet, desert unicorn-plant, desert wing-fruit, desert-bells caterpillar phacelia, deserthollyhock, desertspike-moss, devil cactus, devil’s lettuce,
devil’s spineflower, diffuse gayophytum, diffuse spineflower, digger pine dwarf-mistletoe, ditch grass, dobiepod, double bladderpod, double honeysuckle, douglas’ coreopsis, douglas fiddleneck, douglas’ knotweed, douglas phacelia, douglas’ sandwort, douglas’ sedge,
douglas’ silverpuffs, douglas violet, downy dalea, drug snowbell, dry goosefoot, dubius rush, dudleya, dudley’s clarkia, dune bush lupine, dune tansy, dunedelion, durango root, duran’s rush, dusky onion, dusky willow, dwarf ash, dwarf athysanus, dwarf brodiaea, dwarf evax,
dwarf hawksbeard, dwarf herba impia, dwarf indian mallow, dwarf pepper-grass, dwarf rush, dwarf spikerush, dwarf white milk-vetch, ear drops, early onion, east mojave rock cress, eastern mojave buckwheat, eastwood manzanita, eastwood’s fiddleneck, eastwood’s
nemophila, eaton’s aster, eaton’s penstemon, elderberry, eldorado larkspur, elegant blazing star, elegant rock-cress, elegant silverpuffs, elephant tree, elk thistle, elkclover, elmer’s golden-eyed grass, emory’s baccharis, emory’s indigo-bush, emory’s rock-daisy, engelmann
oak, engelmann’s hedgehog cactus, english wintergreen, entire-leaved thelypodium, eschscholtz’s buttercup, estuary seablite, evening-snow, evergreen violet, everlasting cudweed, eyed gilia, false buffalo-grass, false daisy, false goldenaster, false monkeyflower, false nest-
straw, false rosinweed, fendler’s meadow-rue, fendler’s spurge, fernleaf ironwood, fern-leaved fleabane, ferris horsetail, few-flowered clematis, few-flowered hetercodon, few-flowered larkspur, few-flowered spikerush, few-flowering meadow-rue, few-leaved dock, field
horsetail, fiesta flower, finebranched popcornflower, fine-flower gilia, finger-leaved gourd, fingertips, fir dwarf-mistletoe, fir mistletoe, fire reedgrass, fire-following campion, fish-hook cactus, fitch’s tarweed, five-angled dodder, five-eye
chamaesaracha, five-fingered fern, fivewing spiderling, flaccid cryptantha, flannel bush, flat sagebrush, flatcrown buckwheat, flat-seeded spurge, flat-topped buckwheat, flax, flax-flowered linanthus, flax-like monardella, fleshy lupine, floating marsh-pennywort, floating
pondwed, floating water-primrose, floriferous monkeyflower, flowering quillwort, fluff grass, foothill ash, foothill clover, foothill gooseberry, foothill larkspur, foothill penstemon, foothill pine, forest clarkia, forest goosefoot, forest madia, forest sedge, forked buckwheat, forked
hareleaf, fort mojave buckwheat, fowl mannagrass, fox sedge, foxtail cactus, foxtail muhly, fragrant evening-primrose, fragile sheath sedge, fragrant bitter-weed, fragrant flatsedge, fragrant pitcher sage, fragrant snakeroot, freckled milk-vetch, fremont barberry, fremont
box-thorn, fremont pincushion, fremont silk tassel, fremont’s bush mallow, fremont’s death-camas, fremont’s goosefoot, fremont’s groundsel, fremont’s indigo-bush, fremont’s phacelia, fringe pod, fringed amaranth, fringed brome, fringed linanthus, fringed onion, fringed
redmaids, fringed spineflower, frosted mint, frosted paintbrush, fuchsia-flowered gooseberry, galleta, gambel’s dwarf milk-vetch, gambel’s yellowcress, gamble weed, gaping goosefoot, gaping keckieilla, germander, geyer’s willow, giant cactus, giant chain fern, giant core-
opsis, giant duckmeat, giant eriastrum, giant four o’clock, giant needlegrass, giant wild-rye, giant woolstar, gilman’s milk-vetch, gilman’s springparsley, glandular buckwheat, glandular ditaxis, glandular threadplant, gold-back fern, golden currant, golden dock, golden fleece,
golden goodmania, golden linanthus, golden sedge, golden snakecactus, golden violet, golden yarrow, golden-bowl mariposa, goldendesert-snapdragon, goldenhead, golden-rayed pentachaeta, goldfields, goodding’s black willow, goosefoot violet, graceful bedstraw,
graceful clover, grand ammania, grand mountain dandelion, grape lupine, grassland stebbinsoseris, grass-leaf pondweed, grassnut, gravel cryptantha, gravel milk-vetch, gravel-ghost, gray monardella, gray’s lovage, grean-leaf manzanita, great basin eriastrum, great basin
gilia, great basin langloisia, great basin muilla, great basin wild rye, great valley buttercup, great valleyphacelia, greata’s aster, green monardella, greenbark ceanothus, greene’s liveforever, greensheath sedge, greenspot nightshade, green-stipuled lupine, grey oak, grinell’s
beardtongue, guadalupe cryptantha, guadalupe island lupine, gum-leaved brickellia, hairy ceanothus, hairy desert-sunflower, hairy flax, hairy goldenaster, hairy gumweed, hairy milkweed, hairy owl’s clover, hairy rock-cress, hairy wood rush, hairy woollygrass, hairy yerba
santa, hairy-flowered buckwheat, hairyleaf redberry, hairy-podded pepper-grass, hall’s bedstraw, hall’s caulanthus, hall’s purple bush, hall’s willowherb, harford melic, harlequin lupine, harsh allocarya, hartweg’s iris, heartleaf jewel-flower, heartleaf sun cup, heart-leaved
arnica, heart-leaved keckiella, heart-leaved pitcher sage, heath-leaved chaetopappa, heckard’s indian paintbrush, heermann’s buckwheat, heermann’s lotus, heliotrope phacelia, hemlock, herniaria, heterogaura, hickman’s checkerbloom, hilend’s bedstraw, hill lotus, hillside
gooseberry, hoary aster, hoary bowlesia, hoary buckwheat, hoary chaenactis, hoary coffeeberry, hoary-leaved ceanothus, hoffmannseggia, hog potato, holboell’s rock-cress, holly-leaf cherry, hollyleaf gilia, holly-leaf navarretia, hollyleaf redberry, holly-leaved burbush,
honeysuckle, hooded ladies-tresses, hood’s sedge, hooked buttercup, hooked navarretia, hooker’s manzanita, hoover’s downingia, hop tree, hop-sage, horned pondweed, horned seablite, horseweedcoulter’s horseweed, hot-springs fimbristylis, howell’s onion, howell’s blue
grass, howell’s quillwort, humboldt’s lily, hummingbird monardellalittle monardella, hummingbird sage, hummingbird trumpet, hyacinth broaiaca, hybrid encelia, idaho bentgrass, idaho bittercress, idaho blue-eyed grass, imbricte phaceliaIve’s phacelia, incense cedar,
incense-cedar mistletoe, indian breadroot, indian clover, indian hemp, indian milkweed, indian paintbrush, indian ricegrass, indian thistle, indian tobacco, indian warrior, indigobush, inland gilia, inland scrub oak, intermediate sun cups, inyo county star-tulip, iodine-bush,
iris-leaved rush, ironwood, island broom, island buckwheat, island bush monkeyflower, island gooseberry, island jepsonia, island morning-glory, island oak, island poppy, island redberry, island rush-rose, island sagebrush, island snapdragon, island tarplant, island wall-
flower, ivy-leafed tomatillo, jackass clover, jacumba milk-vetch, jaeger’s halimolobos, jeager’s mousetail, jeffrey pine, jepson’s bedstraw, jepson’s button-celery, johnny jump-up, johnston’s rock cress, johnston’s bedstraw, johnston’s monkeyflower, jojoba, jolon brodiaea, jones’
blazing star, jones’ linanthus, jones’ popcorn flower, jones’ sedge, jones’ false cloak-fern, joshua tree, jumping cholla, junegrass, jurupa hills sun cups, keck’s blue grass, keeled bulrush, kelley’s lily, kellogg’s snapdragon, kellogg’s dwarfrush,
kellogg’s tarweed, kennedy’s buckwheat, kern county sun cup, kern tarweed, kidney-leaf buckwheat, kingcup cactus, king’s snapdragon, king’s bladderpod, kingston mtns. ivesia, knapp’s brickellia, knobcone pine, knot grass, knotroot bristlegrass, knotted rush, knotweed
spineflower, lady’s mantle, laguna beach dudleya, laguna mountains jewel-flower, lakebed sun cup, lance-leaf lippia, lane mtn. milk-vetch, large false-solomon’s seal, largeflower scorpionweed, large-flowered chaenactis, large-fruited lomatium, large-headed rock-daisy,
large-leaf avens, large-leaved filaree, larger mountain monkeyflower, lateral sedge, laurel sumac, lavender eriastrum, lavender sage, layne’s milk-vetch, leafcover saltweed, leafy buckwheat, leafy burrobrush, leafy desert dandelion, leafy fleabane, leafy-stemmed
coreopsis, leather oak, leather root, leather spinflower, lemmon campion, lemmon’s needlegrass, lemmon’s rock cress, lemmon’s wild ginger, lemmon’s canarygrass, lemmon’s linanthus, lemmon’s phacelia, lemmon’s sedge, lemmon’s vinegarweed, lemmon’s willow, lemon
lily, lemonade berry, leopard lily, lesser paintbrush, lesser panicled-sedge, letterman’s needlegrass, lewis’s evening-primrose, limber pine, limestone beardtongue, limestone daisy, limestone phacelia, limestone phacelia, linear-leaved stillingia, lippia, little bladderpod, little
desert buckwheat, little false-solomon’s seal, little gilia, little grapefern, little mountain knotweed, little prince’s pine, little san bernardino mtns. gilia, little spring beauty, little tarweed, little wiry sun cup, littlefoot nemophila, little-leaf bentgrass, little-leaf horsebrush,
little-leaved brickellia, little-leaved mountain mahogany, liverleaf wintergreen, lobed ground-cherry, long evening-primrose, long-antlered rush, longbeak streptanthella, longflower threadplant, long-flowered rabbitbrush, long-fruit suncup, long-leaf bush lupine, long-leaf
fagonia, long-leaf paintbrush, long-leaf plantain, long-leafed ephedra, long-leaved aster, long-leaved hawksbeard, long-leaved pondweed, long-leaved rush, long-spurred plectritis, long-styled rush, long-tubed iris, lott’s gilia, lousewort, low everlasting, low gayophytum, low
ipomopsis, low mountain bedstraw, low sagebrush, lyon’s phacelia, lyon’s pygmydaisy, lyon’s ragwort, macdonald’s oak, macnab’s cypress, maiden clover, male fern, malva rosa, manyflower deserttrumpets, many-flowered eriastrum, many-ribbed sedge, manystem livefor-
ever, marine water nymph, mariposa sedge, maritime plantain, marsh gumplant, marsh jaumea, marsh milk-vetch, marsh sandwort, marsh-pennywort, mason nest straw, mat muhly, matthew’s bedstraw, meadow barley, meadow lupine, meadow sweet, meadow
woollyheads, mecca-aster, menzie’s fiddleneck, menzies’ campion, merten’s rush, mesa dropseed, mexicali onion, mexican bladdersage, mexican dock, mexican flannelbush, mexican lovegrass, mexican malacothrix, mexican manzanita, mexican panicgrass, mexican rush,
mexican sprangletop, michael’s rein orchid, midoc gilia, milk maids, milk-vetch, milkwort knotweed, mill creek alumroot, minature gilia, miner’s lettuce, miniature eriastrum, miniature lupine, mint-leafed vervain, minute-flowered cryptantha, mission manzanita, mission star,
mistletoe, modoc hawksbeard, moistbank pimpernel, mojave beardtongue, mojave cleomella, mojave desert star, mojave dwarf, mojave fish-hook cactus, mojave flower, mojave hole in the sand plant, mojave horsebrush, mojave indian paintbrush, mojave indigo-bush,
mojave linanthus, mojave lomatium, mojave lupine, mojave milk-vetch, mojave milkweed, mojave monkeyflower, mojave phacelia, mojave prickly-pear, mojave ragwort, mojave red sage, mojave sage, mojave saltbush, mojave sand verbena, mojave seablite, mojave spike-
moss, mojave spineflower, mojave spurge, mojave stillingia, mojave sun cup, mojave tarplant, mojave thistle, mojave woollysunflower, mojave yucca, monkey-flower savory, monkshood, monterey cypress, monterey pine, moose-horn violet, mormon needle grass, mormon
tea, mosquito bills, mosquito fern, mosquito waterwort, moss gentian, moss rush, moth combseed, mountain blazing star, mountain blue penstemon, mountain bog bulrush, mountain bulrush, mountain butterweed, mountain carpet clover, mountain collomia, mountain fritil-
lary, mountain gooseberry, mountain goosefoot, mountain hemlock, mountain holly fern, mountain monardella, mountain mule ears, mountain nest straw, mountain peony, mountain pepper-grass, mountain phacelia, mountain pink currant, mountain prickly phlox, mountain
pride, mountain snowberry, mountain strawberry, mountain sweetcicely, mountain tansy-mustard, mountain tarweed, mountain timothy, mountain whitethorn, mountainbalm, mountain-loving blazing star, mouse’s eye, mouse-tail, mousetail evening-
primrose, mrs. cooper’s lipfern, mt. gleason indian paintbrush, mud nama, mud-midget, mugwort, mule-fat, munz’s onion, munz’s bedstraw, munz’s cholla, musk monkeyflower, mustang clover, mustang mint, naked broomrape, naked buckwheat, naked mariposa, naked
plantain, naked-stemmed daisy, narrow-leaf sun cup, narrow-fruit sedge, narrowleaf bur-reed, narrow-leaf cattail, narrowleaf ditaxis, narrowleaf goldenbush, narrowleaf goosefoot, narrowleaf gromwellspreading loeflingia, narrowleaf milkweed, narrow-leaf sandpaper-plant,
narrow-leaved bedstraw, narrow-leaved cryptantha, narrow-leaved water chickweed, narrow-leaved yerba santa, narrow-leved cottonwood, navajo fleabane, navajo muhly, nebraska sedge, needle & thread grass, needle grama, needle spikerush, needleleaf navarretia, net
pepper-grass, nettle-leaf giant hyssop, net-veined viguiera, nevada bitter root, nevada blue-eyed grass, nevada broomshrub, nevada cryptantha, nevada ephedra, nevada gilia, nevada indigo-bush, nevada lomatium, nevada onion, nevada polistera, nevada rush, nevin’s
barberry, nevin’s bird’s beak, nevin’s brickellia, nevin’s gilia, nevin’s woolly sunflower, new mexico ditaxis, new mexico muhly, new mexico thistle, new york mtns crytantha, newberry’s lipfern, newberry’s velvet mallow, nightshade, nine-awned pappus grass, nodding brome,
nodding fescue, nodding melica, nodding needlegrass, nodding oatgrass, nodding trisetum, north coast dudleya, northern starwort, northwest cinquefoil, northwest territory sedge, northwestern paintbrush, nutall’s sandwort, nutall’s sunflower, nuttall willow,
nuttall’s snapdragon, nuttall’s alkali grass, nuttall’s coldenia, nuttall’s linanthus, nuttall’s poverty weed, nuttall’s quillwort, nuttall’s scrub oak, oak mistletoe, oblong-leafed four o’clock, ocean bluff milk-vetch, oceanspray, oligomeris, one-flowered fringed gentian, one-seeded
pussypaws, one-sided blue grass, onespike oatgrass, oniongrass, onyxflower, orcutt’s aster, orcutt’s bordiaes, orcutt’s brome, orcutt’s deserttrumpets, orcutt’s quillwort, oregon ash, oregon bentgrass, oregon cliff fern, oregon fireweed, oregon grape, oregon oak, oreja de
liebre, pacific blazing star, pacific dogwood, pacific eel-grass, pacific foxtail, pacific madrone, pacific mountain onion, pacific oenanthe, padre’s shooting star, paiute mountain pincushionplant, paleface, pale-yellow sun cup, palmer’s abutilon, palmer’s amaranth, palmer’s
ceanothus, palmer’s coldenia, palmer’s dudleya, palmer’s goldenbush, palmer’s mariposa, palmer’s milk-vetch, palmer’s sun cup, palomar monkeyflower, palrmer’s buckwheat, palrmer’s grapplinghook, panamint indian parsnip, panamint mountain buckwheat, panamint
phacelia, panamint rock-goldenrod, pancake prickly-pear, parish wheatgrass, parish’s needlegrass, parish’s onion, parish’s rock cress, parish’s bedstraw, parish’s bluecurls, parish’s brittlescale, parish’s broomrape, parish’s buckwheat, parish’s bush mallow, parish’s
california tea, parish’s campion, parish’s chaenactis, parish’s daisy, parish’s desert-thorn, parish’s flatsedge, parish’s larkspur, parish’s monkeyflower, parish’s penstemon, parish’s pickleweed, parish’s popcorn flower, parish’s poppy, parish’s puncturebract, parish’s
purple nightshade, parish’s scorpionweed, parish’s spikerush, parish’s spurge, parish’s tauschia, parish’s viguiera, parish’s yampah, parly everlasting, parry manzanita, parry pinyon pine, parry’s fringed onion, parry’s buckwheat, parry’s collinsia, parry’s green-gentian,
parry’s jepsonia, parry’s lipfern, parry’s lomatium, parry’s mallow, parry’s marina, parry’s nolina, parry’s pussypaws, parry’s rabbitbrush, parry’s rush, parry’s saltbush, parry’s scorpionweed, parry’s spineflower, parry’s spurge, parry’s stephanomeria, parry’s tarweed,
patagonia plantain, payson’s wild cabbage, pearlwort, pebble pincushion, peck’s stylocline, pedicellate phacelia, peirson’s morning-glory, pellitory, pencil cactus, peninsular spineflower, pennsylvania pellitory, perennial rock-cress, perfoliate spineflower, phantom orchid,
philadelphia fleabane, phlox-leaved bedstraw, pickleweed, pigmy bitter root, pillwort, pincushion cactus, pine cryptantha, pine dwarf-mistletoe, pine forest larkspur, pine green-gentian, pine violet, pine-bush, pinedrops, pinegrove gayophytum, pineland buckwheat, pine-mat
manzanita, pine-woods fritillary, pink alumroot, pink butter n’ eggs, pink cudweed, pink sand verbena, pink teddy bear cholla, pink velvet mallow, pink woodland star, pink-flowered bush mallow, pinkray fremontsgold, pinyon blazing star, pinyon gayophytum, pinyon rock
cress, pioneer violet, pit-seed goosefoot, pitted onion, piute morning-glory, plain mariposa, plantainleaf buttercup, plicate coldenia, plummer’s baccharis, plummer’s cliff fern, plummer’s mariposa lily, pointed rush, poison sanicle, poisonoak, pomona milk-vetch,
ponderosa pine, poodle-dog bush, popcorn flower, port orford cedar, poverty rush, poverty rush, poverty three-awn, powell’s amaranth, prairie rush, prairie wedge grass, preuss’s milk-vetch, prickly cryptantha, prickly hawkweed, prickly poppy, pride-of-california,
primrose monkeyflower, prince’s pine, pringle’s monardella, pringle’s woolly sunflower, prostrate hutchinsia, prostrate pepper-grass, prostrate pigweed, prostrate pincushionplant, prostrate spineflower, providence milk-vetch, puff-calyx gilia, pumice hulsea, punch-bowl
godetia, punctuate rabbitbrush, purple bird’s beak, purple clarkia, purple cymopterus, purple everlasting, purple false gilyflower, purple mat, purple monkeyflower, purple navarretia, purple needlegrass, purple nightshade, purple owl’s clover, purple sage, purple
sanicle, purple spikerush, purple three-awn, purple-root cryptantha, purple-spot gilia, pursh’s milk-vetch, pussypaws, pygmy linanthus, pygmy poppy, pygmy pussypaws, quaking aspen, quick’s phacelia, racemose pyrrocoma, radishroot woodsorrel, ragged-leaf bahia,
ragweed, rainbow manzanita, rattan’s monkeyflower, rattlesnake plantain, rattlesnake weed, rayless arnica, rayless ragwort, rayless shaggy fleabane, red alder, red baneberry, red bush-monkeyflower, red elderberry, red fescue, red goosefoot, red grama, red hollybush, red
monkeyflower, red sage, red sand-verbena, red shanks, red sierra onion, red sprangletop, red triangles, red willow, redberry, red-fruited mahonia, redowski’s stickseed, red-rayed hulsea, redseed plantain, red-seeded sandwort, red-skinned onion, red-spotted clarkia, red-
stemmed spring beauty, reflexed blazing star, rein orchid, reveal’s buckwheat, ribbed cryptantha, rice cutgrass, richardson’s geranium, rigid bird’s beak, ripley’s gilia, riverside spineflower, rixford’s rock-wort, robinson’s monardella, robust sun cup, rock creek broomrape,
rock gilia, rock ivesia, rock phacelia, rock spiraea, rocky mountain bee-plant, rocky mountain bulrush, rocky mountain maple, rocky mountain rush, rolled-leaf spurge, rose and white buckwhet, rosette thistle, rosilla, ross’ sedge, rosy everlasting, rosy gilia, rothrock sagebrush,
rothrock’s keckiella, rothrock’s nama, rough desert olive, rough vervain, rough-fruited allocarya, rough-leaved aster, rough-seed cryptantha, round-fruit sedge, round-fruit yellow-cress, roundleaf leatherroot, round-leaf loco-weed, round-leafed phacelia, round-leaved boy-
kinia, royal goldfields, royal larkspur, royal rein orchid, rubberweed, rue, rusty-haired popcorn flower, rydberg’s horkelia, saber bogmat, sacred thornapple, sago pondweed, saline toad rush, salt marsh baccharis, salt marsh bird’s beak, salt marsh fleabane, salt sand-
spurry, salt spring checkerbloom, saltgrass, saltmarsh dodder, salton milk-vetch, saltscale, saltsedge, saltwort, san benito thorn mint, san bernardino aster, san bernardino beardtongue, san bernardino blue grass, san bernardino grass -of- parnassus, san bernardino larkspur,
san bernardino milk-vetch, san bernardino mountain onion, san bernardino mtn alumroot, san bernardino mtns. monkeyflower, san bernardino mtns. owl’s clover, san bernardino ragwort, san bernardino scopionweed, san bernardino sun cup, san clemente island brodiaea,
san clemente island bush mallow, san clemente island indian paintbrush, san clemente island milk-vetch, san clemente island triteleia, san diego birdsfoot trefoil, san diego ceanothus, san diego fiesta flower, san diego goldenstarcrowned muilla, san diego milk-vetch, san
diego sedge, san diego tarweed, san diego wild cabbage, san felipe dogweed, san francisco campion, san francisco manzanita, san gabriel beardtongue, san gabriel bedstraw, san gabriel bluecup, san gabriel deserttrumpets, san gabriel
manzanita, san gabriel mtn liveforever, San gabriel ragwort, san jacinto bluecurls, san jacinto buckwheat, san jacinto lupine, san jacinto prickly phlox, san joaquin blazing star, san joaquin milk-vetch, san mateo woolly sunflower, san miguel island milk-vetch, san miguel
savory, sand dropseed, sand linanthus, sand lupine, sand pygmyweed, sand spikerush, sandbar willow, sandbar willow, sand-blossoms, sandcarpet, sanddune wallflower, sandhill amaranth, sandpaper plant, sand-spurrey, sandy soil sun cup, santa barbara bedstraw, santa
barbara milk-vetch, santa catalina figwort, santa catalina island manzanita, santa cruz island fringepod, santa cruz island rock cress, santa cruz island sun cup, santa lucia rush, santa susana tarplant, santolina chaenactis, sapphire eriastrum, satintail, saucer plant threelobe
puncturebract, saw-toothed goldenbush, scale-bud, scalloped moonwort, scallopleaf sage, scaly cloak fern, scapellote, scarlet bugler, scarlet four o’clock, scarlet fritillary, scarlet gaura, scarlet gilia, scarlet larkspur, scarlet lupine, scarlet milk-vetch, scarlet
monkeyflower, scarlet paintbrush, scarlet spiderling, scattered blazing star, scented cryptantha, scented shooting star, schott’s calico, schott’s indigo-bush, schott’s sedge, scouler’s surfgrass, scribner’s grass, scrub gilia, scullcap, sea muilla, sea-cliff buckwheat, searls’
prairie clover, sea-scale, seashore bentgrass, seaside arrowgrass, seaside calandrinia, seaside daisy, seaside fiddleneck, seaside heliotrope, seaside woolly sunflower, seawrack, self-heal, service-berry, shadscale, shaggy milk-vetch, shaggy-haired alumroot, sharp-leaf
ground cherry, sharp-nut cryptantha, sharp-toothed sanicle, sheep sedge, shelton’s violet, shining blazing star, shining chickweed, shining mule ears, shining peppr-grass, shining pondweed, shining willow, shiny-leaf sandpaper-plant, shockley’s goldenhead, shockley’s
rock-cress, shockley’s prickleleaf, shoregrass, short-awn foxtail, short-flowered buckwheat, short-flowered monkeyflower, short-leaved baccharis, short-lobed phacelia, short-rayed alkali aster, short-seed waterwort, short-sepaled lewisia, short-spike hedge-nettle, shortspike
watermilfoil, short-spurred plectritis, shortstalk stinkweed, short-stem gilia, showy gilia, showy linanthus, showy penstemon, shrubby brickellia, shrubby coldenia, shrubby ragwort, shy gilia, sidebells wintergreen, side-oats grama, sierra arnica, sierra blue grass, sierra
checkerbloom, sierra chinquapin, sierra coffeeberry, sierra finged gentian, sierra gooseberry, sierra ivesia, sierra larkspur, sierra mariposa, sierra milkwort, sierra mint, sierra morning-glory, sierra nemacladus, sierra nemophila, sierra nevada lotus, sierra rush, sierra
sanicle, sierra star, sierra tansy-mustard, sierra tidy-tips, sierra tiger lily, sierra waterwort, sierran stickseed, sierran wild-cucumber, silky california broom, silky dalea, silky deerweed, silky lupine, silky raillardella, silver birds-foot trefoil, silver bush lupine, silver lake daisy,
silver puffs, silver wormwood, silver-back fern, silverhair mousetail, silverscale saltbush, silver-weed cinquefoil, single-headed pyrrocoma, single-leaf pinyon pine, siskiyou rock-cress, six-weeks three-awn, skullcap speedwell, sky lupine, sky-blue phaelia,
slender allocarya, slender blazing star, slender buckwheat, slender cleomella, slender cottonweed, slender cryptantha, slender hairgrass, slender lipfern, slender muhly, slender penstemon, slender popcornflower, slender poreleaf, slender spiderling, slender sunflower,
slender tarweed, slender threadplant, slender triplet-lily, slender water nymph, slender wheatgrass, slender whitlow grass, slender wild cabbage, slender woodland star, slender woolly marbles, slender-beak sedge, slenderflower sun cup, slenderhorn spinyherb,
slenderleaf collomia, slender-lobed four o’clock, slender-petaled thelypodium, slim tridens, slimjim bean, slimstem willowweed, small fescue, small pondweed, small white violet, small wirelettuce, smallflower sandverbana, small-flower western flax, small-flowered
androstephium, small-flowered bluecurls, small-flowered collinsia, small-flowered evening-primrose, small-flowered lotus, small-flowered meconella, small-flowered melica, small-flowered milk-vetch, small-flowered monkeyflower, small-flowered morning-glory, small-flow-
ered needlegrass, small-flowered rice grass, small-flowered soaproot, smallleaf palo verde, small-leaved nama, small-rayed goldfields, small-seeded spurge, small-wing sedge, smoke tree, smooth boisduvalia, smooth flatsedge, smooth greasewood, smooth mountain-
mahogany, smooth rock-cress, smooth scouring rush, smooth-beak sedge, smoothe willowhervb, smoothseed pygmyweed, snake’s head, snapdragon campion, sneezeweed, snow-plant, so. california whitlowgrass, soap plant, soft mountain tansy-mustard, solitary-leaved
alkali goldenbush, sonoran nest straw, sonoran spurge, south coast saltscale, southern bearclover, southern bush monkeyflower, southern california black walnut, southern california dudleya, southern california grape, southern cattail, southern gilia, southern goldenrod,
southern hawkweed, southern honeysuckle, southern jewel-flower, southern maiden-hair, southern mountain phlox, southern mountain-monardella, southern sierra phacelia, southern silk tassel, southern skullcap, southern squaw root, southern tauschia, southern water-
nymph, southern wild-cucumber, southern wyethia, southwestern mock vervain, soutwestern gilia, sow-thistle malacothrix, spanish needle, spear oracle, spearleaf, spearleaf mountain dandelion, spear-leaved brickellia, spearleaved northern daisy, spearscale, speckled
clarkia, sphansima, spider lupine, spike bentgrass, spike dropseed, spike fescue, spike trisetum, spineless horsebrush, spiny caper, spiny cocklebur, spiny desert olive, spiny greasebush, spiny horsebrush, spiny saltbush, spiny senna, spiral ditchgrass, splendid gilia,
splendid mariposa, split-awn sedge, spotted buckwheat, spotted coralroot, spreading fleabane, spreading navarretia, spreading phlox, spur lupine, spurry buckwheat, squaw root, squaw spurge, squawbush, squirreltail, squirreltail barley, st. catherine’s lace, staghorn
cholla, star duckweed, star gilia, star green-gentian, star-flowered bedstraw, stemless mudwort, stephen’s beardtongue, sticktight, sticky currant, sticky fagonbush, sticky geranium, sticky gold-back fern, sticky liveforever, sticky monkeyflower, sticky phacelia, sticky sand-
spurry, sticky snakeweed, stickywilly, stinging lupine, straight-leaved rush, stream orchis, streambank birdsfoot trefoil, streambank springbeauty, strigose lotus, striped horsebrush, sturdy sedge, sugar bush, sugar pine, sugar pine dwarf-mistletoe, sugar-stick, suksdorf’s
brome, suksdorf’s monkeyflower, sulphur buckwheat, summer clover, summer lilac, summer-holly, sun cup, sunflower, swamp sedge, swamp smartweed, swamp whiteheads, sweet brickelbush, sweet-scented bedstraw, sweet-scented phacelia, swollen duckweed, sword
fern, sylvan scorzonella, tahquitz mousetail, tall brome, tall mannagrass, tall melica, tall stephanomeria, tangled milk-vetch, tangled nest straw, tangled snapdragon, tanoak, tansy-leafed phacelia, tapertip flatsedge, tarragon, tarweed fiddleneck, tauschia, teal lovegrass, tecate
cypress, tecate tarplant, tecopa bird’s beak, tehachapi ragwort, tejon cryptantha, telegraph weed, texas bergia, texas filaree, texas paintbrush, thick-leafed phacelia, thick-leaved yerba santa, thick-pod milk-vetch, thick-stemmed caulanthus, thimble clover, thimbleberry,
thistle sage, thomas’ buckwheat, thompson’s beardtongue, thorn of christ, thorny skeleton-plant, thread deserttrumpets, thread-leaf sedge, thread-leaved brodiaea, threadplant, three-hearts, three-petaled bedstraw, three-pointed blazing star, three-square, three-stamened
rush, threetooth blazing star, thurber’s bentgrass, thurber’s beardtongue, thurber’s buckwheat, thurber’s pepper-grass, thurber’s pilostyles, thyme-leafed spurge, ticklegrass, tidestrom’s milk-vetch, tiny mousetail, tiny sun cup, toad lily, toad rush, tobacco brush, tomcat clover,
toothed downingia, toothed wild onion, torrey’s box-thorn, torrey’s collinsia, torrey’s cryptantha, torrey’s hybrid oak, torrey’s popcorn flower, torrey’s rush, torrey’s surfgrass, trailing four o’clock, trailing st. johnswort, trans-montane gilia, trans-montane sand verbena, trask’s
cryptantha, trask’s island broom, triangular-fruit sedge, tricolor gilia, triple-ribbed milk-vetch, truncate-leaf lupine, tuber anemone, tubered starwort, tuberous sanicle, tucker’s oak, tufted eschscholzia, tufted hair-grass, tufted lovegrass, tule potato, tulip pricklypear, turkey
mullein, turkish rugging, turpentine broom, turpentine-brush, twinberry, twisted cleomella, two-lipped bush monkeyflower, two-needle pinyon pine, two-tooth sedge, upright mannagrass, urn-flowered alumroot, utah agave, utah arrowgrass, utah fleabane, utah juniper, utah
mortonia, utah penstemon, utah service-berry, utah vine milkweed, vahl’s fimbristylis, vail lake ceanothus, valdivia duckweed, valley arrowhead, valley broomrape, valley oak, valley popcornflower, valley sedge, valley tassels, valley vinegar-weed, varied-leaved water-star-
wort, vari-nerved sedge, vasey’s prickly pear, veatch’s blazing star, velvet ash, velvet stickseed, velvet turtleback, ventura marsh milk-vetch, venus looking-glass, vernal barley, vernal water-starwort, vinegarweed, violet, virgin river cryptantha, virgin river encelia, virgin’s
bower, viscid lipfern, volcanic gilia, wallace’s woolly daisy
daisy, wand buckwheat, wandering fleabane, wartleaf ceanothus, warty spurge, washoe phacelia, water birch, water buttercup, water chickweed, water jacket, water mudwort, water parsnip, water plantain, water smart-
weed, watercress, water-leaf phacelia, water-pimpernel, water-sedge, watersheild, waterthread pondweed, watson’s amaranth, watson’s saltbush, watson’s spike-moss, watson’s spineflower, wavy-leaf paintbrush, wavy-leaved ceanothus, wax currant, wax-myrtle, waxy
checkermallow, weak-leaved burweed, weasel scorpionweed, wedgeleaf goldenbush, wedge-leaf horkelia, wedgeleaf whitlowgrass, weed’s mariposa, western azalea, western bistort, western blue flag, western blue flax, western burning bush, western chamomile, western
columbine, western cow-bane, western dichondra, western dog violet, western dwarf-mistletoe, western false rue anemone, western false-indigo, western fescue, western flat-topped goldenrod, western hackberry, western hawksbeard, western hedge bindweed, western
hemicarpha, western juniper, western lupine, western marsh cudweed, western meadow aster, western miterwort, western mojave buckwheat, western morning-glory, western mountain aster, western needlegrass, western panicum, western polypody, western poppy,
western prickly pear, western ragweed, western raspberry, western redbud, western sea-purslane, western sedge, western serviceberry, western sky pilot, western spleenwort, western spring beauty, western stinging nettle, western sweetroot, western tansy-mustard,
western thistle, western water hemlock, western water weed, western white pine, western yellow cress, wheeler’s blue grass, wheeler’s cinquefoil, wheeler’s spineflower, wheelscale, whisker-brush, whispering bells, white alder, white bear poppy, white bog orchid, white
bursage, white collinsia, white easter-bonnets, white fairy lantern, white fiesta flower, white fir, white hawkweed, white layia, white mallow, white rhatany, white sage, white tackstem, white-flowered goldenbush, white-flowered
willowherb, white-flowering currant, white-headed cudweed, white-leaf monardella, whitemargin puncturebract, white-margined beardtongue, white-margined everlasting, white-margined green-gentian, white-stemmed blazing star, white-stemmed milkweed, whitetip
clover, white-veined wintergreen, whitewater crowfoot, white-woolly stemodia, whitlowgrass, whitney’s milk-vetch, whitney’s sedge, whorled marsh-pennywort, wicker buckwheat, wide-throated yellow-monkeyflower, wiggin’s cholla, wilcox’s eriastrum, wild canterbury bells,
wild licorice, wild parsley, wild pepper-grass, wild petunia, wild rhubarb, willow dock, willow weed, willowherb, winding mariposa, wind-poppy, winged cryptantha, winged pectocarya, winged water-starwort, wing-fruit sun cup, wing-nut cryptantha, wing-seed blazing star,
winter fat, wirelettuce, wire-weed, witchgrass, wolf’s cholla,
Coastal Southern California…lies between two major groups of flora: a southern group wolf’s trisetum, wood rose, wood rush sedge, woodland clarkia,
woodland pterostegia, woodland spurge, woodland star, woodland strawberry, woolly amsonia, woolly angelica, woolly bluecurls,
woolly brickellia, woolly bur-sage, woolly galleta, woollymar- represented by drought-tolerant plants characteristic of northern Mexico, and bles, woolly marigold, woolly mountain-parsley, woolly seablite,
woolly sedge, woolly sunflower, woolly tidestromia, woolly yerba a northern group represented by moisture-loving plants typical of the Sierra Nevada santa, woolly-fruited lomatium, woolly-leaf ceanothus, wooton’s lace
fern, wreathplant, wright’s beebrush, wright’s bedstraw, wright’s and California’s north coastal ranges.… Once established, many of these species spiderling, wrinkled rush, wrinkled spineflower, wyoming paint-
remained in protected niches even as the climate turned unfavorable for them.
brush, xantus’ chaenactis, xantus’s clarkia, yellow bee-plant, yellow blazing star, yellow bleeding heart, yellow cryptantha, yellow
cups, yellow desert evening-primrose, yellow gilia, yellow mariposa, yellow nightshade ground cherry,
yellow nutgrass, yellow pepper-grass, yellow stonecrop, yellow Some survived unchanged; others evolved into unique forms. Some are present tackstem, yellow willow, yellow-eyed lupine, yellowflower tarweed,
yellow-flowered eriastrum, yellow-head, yellowray fremonts- today only in very specific habitats. gold, yellow-rayed goldfields, yellow-stem bush mallow, yellow-tur-
bans, yerba buena, yerba desierto, yerba mansa, yosemite sedge, yosemite woolly sunflower, yucca buckwheat, yuma ditaxis,
yuma spurge, zigzag larkspur Jerry Schad, Afoot and Afield in Los Angeles County
County, 2nd. ed. (Berkeley, Ca.: Wilderness Press, 2000), 6.
source:
Calflora Database (www.calflora.org)
B. Kalpin
K. Hirt
J. Fleischmann
Flora
NATURAL
HABITAT
80
Nonnative
african asparagus fern, african bristlegrass, african daisy, african prickle grass, alfalfa, alligator weed, alsike clover, american pokeweed, american sea rocket, andes grass, angled pea-vine, annual blue
grass, annual ragweed, annual wall rocket, apple mint, arizona caltrop, asian mustard, athel tree, australian bluebells, australian brass-buttons, australian brome, australian cheesewood, australian filaree,
australian saltbush, baby sun rose, baby’s tears, balfour’s touch-me-not, barbgrass, beancaper, bee balm, beet, beggar-ticks, bermuda buttercup, bermuda grass, biennial sagewort , bird vetch, bird’s-eye
speedwell, bird’s-foot trefoil, bitter dock, black locust, black medick, black mustard, black nightshade, blackwood acacia, bladder senna, bladderflower, blessed thistle, blood-flower, blue foxtail, blue gum, blue panicgrass, blue-eyed
african daisy, bluegrass, bluegreen saltbush, blueweed, boccon’s sand-spurrey, brake fern, brass-buttons, brazilian water weed, bristly ox-tongue, bristly plantain, broad-leaved pepper-grass, buffalo berry, buffelgrass, bukhara fallopia,
bulbous blue grass, bull mallow, bull thistle, bur-chervil, burclover, butterfly bush, california burclover, camel thornwhite garlic, canada thistle, canarian sea-lavander, canary island date palm, canarygrass, cardoon, carolina bristle
mallow, carolina canarygrass, carolina horse-nettle, carpet-weed, castor bean, catnip, cedar wattle, chain speedwell, cheatgrass, cheeseweed mallow, chicory, chilean beard grass, chilean chess, chinese elm, chinese grass, chinese tamarisk,
clammy goosefoot, clasping heliotrope, clustered dock, clustered yellow-tops, coast sandbur, coastal wattle, common campion, common chickweed, common dandelion, common eveningprimrose, common fig, common flax, common
gorse, common groundsel, common iceplant, common knotweed, common mallow, common mediterranean grass, common mullein, common oats, common plantain, common red sage, common salttree, common sheep sorrel, common
soliva, common sow thistle, common st. johnswort, common vetch, common wheat, common wild geranium, cone campion, cootamundra wattle , coppery mesemb, coriander, corncockle, cornish mallow, crabgrass, creeping bentgrass,
crested dogtail, crossflower, crown daisy, crows-foot grass, cupgrass, curly dock, curly pondweed, cut-leaved goosefoot, dallis grass, darnel, date palm, dayflower, desert crested wheatgrass, devil’s thorn, diffuse knapweed, ditch beard
grass, dog rose, dog-fennel, domestic buckwheat, domestic rice, drurmmond’s gaura, dwarf nettle, english ivy
ivy, english plantain, english rye-grass, english violet, english walnut, european beach grass,
european foxtail fescue, european mountain rowan, european sea rocket, eyebane, fall panicgrass, false foxtail fescue , false garlic, feather finger grass, ferngrass, fetid marigold, field bindweed, field clover, field madder, field mustard, field
pennycress, field sowthistle, fine-leaved fumitory, five-horn bassia, floating water-primrose, flower-of-an-hour, foothill filaree, forest red gum, fountain grass, four-leaved allseed, fowl blue grass, foxtail, foxtail barley, french broom, french
tamarisk, fringed rue, fuller’s teasel, garden celery
celery, garden morning-glory, garden nasturtium, garden parsnip, garden pelargonium, garden sweet pea, garden tomato, german ivy, giant bentgrass, giant ragweed, giant reed, giraffe head,
gladiolus, golden thistle, golden wattle, goldentop, goose grass, goosefoot, gopher plant, grape, grasslike starwort, gray ground-cherry, greater burdock, green bentgrass, green foxtail, green wattle, gulf cockspur grass, gum rockrose, hairy
golden-eye, hairy rattail fescue, hairy sand-spurrey, hairy vetch, hairy whitetop, halogeton, harding grass, hare’s ear mustard, heart-leaf four o’clock, hedge mustard, hedypnois, herb of grace, herb sophia, himalaya-berry, hoary cress,
hollyfern, hollyhock bindweed, hood canarygrass, hooked bristlegrass, horehound, husk tomato, hyssop loosestrife, ice plant, india mustard, indian hedge mustard, indian plantain, italian gladiolus, italian rye-grass, italian thistle, ivy morn-
ing-glory, japanese brome, japanese cheesewood, japanese honeysuckle, jerusalem oak, jimson weed, johnsongrass, jointed goatgrass, jungle rice, jupiter’s beard, kangaroo thorn, kenilworth ivy, kentucky blue gras, kikuyu grass, klamath
pepper-grass, knotted hedge-parsley, la plata sandspurry
sandspurry, ladder brake, lance-leaf bupleurum, lantana, large-fruited amaranth, lavender-cotton, leafy spurge, leavenworth’s sedge, lehmann lovegrass, lemon-scented gum, lens-podded hoary
cress, lesser swine cress, licorice, lily of the valley, little hogweed, little lovegrass, little marigold, little plantain, little quaking grass, little-bell morning-glory, little-podded falseflax, little-seed canarygrass, london rocket, loomis thimblehead,
louisiana wild-lettuce, madagascar periwinkle, marsh-parsley, mat sandbur, meadow fescue, mediterranean cabbage, mediterranean grass, mediterranean lineseed, mexican evening
primrose, mexican palo verde, mexican tea, milk thistle, missouri lambsquarters, moraccan toad-flax, moth mullein, mouse barley, mouse-ear chickweed, musk thistle, musky marshpennywort, namma gum, napa star thistle, narrowleaf
cottonrose, narrow-leaf four o’clock, nettle-leaved goosefoot, new zealand spinach, ngaio tree, night-flowering campion, nightshade, nit grass, north african knapweed, nutgrass, oak-leafed pelargonium, oak-leaved goosefoot, ocean-blue
morning-glory, oleaster, olive, onionweed, orangeberry, orchard-grass, osage-orange, oval-leaf sedge, pale starwort, pampas grass, paulsen’s russian thistle, pennsylvania blackberry, pennyroyal, peppermint, peregrine saltbush, peren-
nial sweet pea, perennial veldt grass, perennial wall rocket, periwinkle, peruvian pepper tree, petty spurge, pineapple weed, pine-needle toad-flax, pistachio, plume acacia, poison hemlock, pomegranate, pond water -starwort, portuguese
broom, pouzin’s purple star-thistle, prickly lettuce, pride of madeira, prostrate spurge, puncture-vine, purple african nightshade, purple false-brome, purple ragwort, purple vetch, quackgrass, queen anne’s lace, quilete, rabbitsfoot grass,
ramtilla, rattail fescue, red clover, red iron bark, red oxalis, red river gum, red sandspurry, redstem filaree, regal pelargonium, rescue grass, rhodes grass, ripgut brome, rocket, rose campion, rose clover, rosy ice plant, rough barnyard grass,
rough cat’s ear, rough pigweed, roundleaf cancerwort, russian knapweed, rye, rye brome, safflower, saint augustine grass, salsify, saltcedar, salvation echium, sanfoin, scarlet pimpernel, scotch broom, sea fig, sharpleaf cancerwort, shasta
daisy, shepherd’s purse, shepherdsneedle, shoal-grass, short-leaf spikesedge, shortpod mustard, siberian elm, siberian pea tree, sickle grass, silver hairgrass, silver wattle, silverleaf nightshade,
silver-sheath knotweed, skeleton weed, slender meadow foxtail, slender pigweed, slender sow thistle, slender wild oats, slender-leaved ice plant, small bugloss, small-flowered gaura, smilo grass, smooth brome, smooth cat’s ear, smooth
crabgrass, smooth distaff thistle, smooth hawksbeard, smutgrass, soft brome, sorghum, south american horseweed, south american mock vervain, southern sandbur, spanish brome, spanish broom, spanish cockle, spanish false-fleabane,
spiny amaranth, split-lip toadflax, spotted knapweed, spotted ladysthumb, spotted spurge, spring vetch, squarestem butterfly bush, star acacia, starhair groundcherry, statice, stickseed, sticky snakeroot, stinkgrass, strawberry blite, sugar-
gum, swamp grass, sweet alyssum, sweet fennel, tall fescue, tall oatgrass, tall wheatgrass, tamarisk, tangier pea, tenweeks stock, thatching grass, three-flowered nightshade, thyme-leaf sandwort, timothy, tomatillo,
trailing lantana, treasure-flower, tree tobacco, tree-of-heaven, tri-colored daisy, tropical horseweed, tropical woodsorrel, tumble mustard, tumbleweed, tumbling oracle, tuna cactus, umbrella plant, upright veldt grass, variable flatsedge,
vasey’s grass, velvet mesquite, velvet-leaf, Virginia plantain, wall bedstraw
bedstraw, wallflower tumble mustard, wand mullein, wart weed, warty caltrop, waryleaf beeblossom, washerwoman, water hyacinth, water speedwell, watergrass, water-lily,
wavy-leaved thistle, wayside pepper-grass, weeping willow, white clover, white goosefoot, white mignonette, white willow, whitestem filaree, wild oats, wild radish, windmill pink, winged pigweed, winged thistle, winter vetch, woodland
geranium, yellow britlegrass, yellow devil’s claw, yellow horned-poppy, yellow mignonette, yellow salsify, yellow sorrel, yellow star-thistle, yellow sweetclover, yellow-spined thistle, zigzag jointvetch
source:
Calflora Database (www.calflora.org)
Jacarandas bloom in early May, before the new leaves show. The horn-shaped flowers
are the color of the sky at late dusk—a pure, translucent purple.
That color is held overhead on the thin branches of the tree’s new growth. Thousands
of small flowers fall soon after blooming, covering the sidewalk and lawn with purple
in a fifty-foot circle.
None of the city’s trees are as exotic as the jacarandas, which are native
to the Amazon basin.
There were no trees here when the land was farmed, except a stand of eucalyptus
planted near the field office of the Montana Land Company. These trees now shade
the water department office and the city’s print shop.
Eucalyptus trees are native to Australia.
By ordinance, every house must have a city tree planted in front of it. The tree is plant-
ed in the rectangle of land, seven feet wide and thirty feet long, which is the city’s right
of way in front of each house.
None of the city’s street trees is native to California.
D. J. Waldie, Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 55.
acorn woodpecker, allen’s hummingbird, american avocet, american bittern, american coot, american crow, american kestrel, american
robin, american white pelican, american pigeon, anna’s hummingbird, antelope ground squirrel, arboreal salamander, ash-throated flycatcher,
audubon’s cottontail, badger, band-tailed pigeon, banded sand snake, barn owl, barn swallow, belted kingfisher, bewick’s wren, bighorn
sheep, black bear, black phoebe, black oystercatcher black skimmer, black storm-petrel, black turnstone, black-bellied plover, black-bel-
lied slender salamander, black-chinned hummingbird, black-crowned night heron, black-headed grosbeak, black-legged kittiwake, black-
necked stilt, black-tailed deer, black-tailed gnatcatcher, black-tailed jackrabbit, black-throated sparrow, blue whale, blue-winged teal, bobcat,
bonaparte’s gull, botta’s pocket gopher, bottlenose dolphin, brandt’s cormorant, brewer’s blackbird, brewer’s sparrow, broadhanded mole,
brown creeper, brown pelican, brown-headed cowbird, brush rabbit, bufflehead, bullfrog, bullock’s oriole, burro, burrowing owl, bushtit,
cactus wren, california chorus frog, california condor, california gray whale, california ground squirrel, california gull, california legless lizard,
california meadow vole, california mountain kingsnake, california newt, california quail, california thrasher, california towhee, california whip
snake, calliope hummingbird, canada goose, canyon wren, caspian tern, cassin’s finch, chipmunk, chipping sparrow, cinnamon teal, clapper
rail, clark’s grebe, clark’s nutcracker, cliff swallow, coachwhip, coast horned lizard, colorado river toad, common chuckwalla, common dolphin,
common king snake, common loon, common nighthawk, common poorwill, common raven, common yellowthroat, cooper’s hawk, costa’s
hummingbird, couch’s spadefoot toad, coyote, dark-eyed junco, desert banded gecko, desert collared lizard, desert horned lizard, desert
iguana, desert kangaroo rat, desert slender salamander, desert spiny lizard, desert tortoise, double-crested cormorant, dowitcher, downy
woodpecker, dunlin, eared grebe, elegant tern, elephant seal, elf owl, ensatina salamander, evening grosbeak, forster’s tern, fox sparrow,
fringe-toed lizard, gadwall, gambel’s quail, gilbert’s skink, glossy snake, golden eagle, golden-crowned sparrow, golden-mantled ground
squirrel, goldfinch, gopher snake, granite night lizard, granite spiny lizard, gray fox, great blue heron, great egret, great horned owl, great
plains toad, greater roadrunner, green heron, green-tailed towhee, green-winged teal, ground snake, ground squirrel, hairy woodpecker,
harbor porpoise, harbor seal, heerman’s gull, hermit thrush, hooded oriole, horned grebe, horned lark, house finch, house sparrow, house
wren, hutton’s vireo, island night lizard, killdeer, killer whale, kit fox, ladder-backed woodpecker, lark sparrow, lazuli bunting, leaf-toed gecko,
least sandpiper, least tern, lesser nighthawk, lincoln’s sparrow, loggerhead shrike, long-billed curlew, long-nosed leopard lizard, long-nosed
snake, long-tailed brush lizard, long-tailed weasel, lowland leopard frog, lyre snake, mallard, marbled godwit, marsh wren, merriam’s kanga-
roo rat, mojave rattlesnake, mountain bluebird, mountain chickadee, mountain lion, mountain quail, mountain yellow-legged frog, mourning
dove, night snake, northern flicker, northern harrier, northern mockingbird, northern pintail, northern pygmy-owl, northern shoveler, nuttall’s
NATURALwoodpecker, oak titmouse,, olive-sided flycatcher, orange-crowned warbler, orange throated Fauna
whiptail, osprey, pacific chorus frog, pacific golden-
HABITATplover, pacific loon, pacific pond turtle, pacific white-sided dolphin, pallid bat, phainopepla, pie-billed grebe, pika, pine siskin, pink-footed
82 shearwater, pinyon jay, pocket mouse, prairie falcon, pronghorn, pygmy nuthatch, raccoon, racer, red-breasted merganser, red-breasted
nuthatch, red diamond rattlesnake, red-legged frog, red-necked phalarope, red-shouldered hawk, red-spotted toad, red-tailed hawk,
red-winged blackbird, redhead, ring-billed gull, ring-necked duck, ringneck snake, ring-tailed cat, risso’s dolphin, rock dove, rock wren, rosy
boa, rubber boa, ruby-crowned kinglet, ruddy duck, ruddy turnstone, rufous hummingbird, sage grouse, sage thrasher, sagebrush lizard,
sanderling, sandhill crane, sapsucker, savannah sparrow, say’s phoebe, scaup, sea lion, sea otter, semipalmated plover, sharp-shinned hawk,
shrew, side-blotched lizard, sidewinder, snow goose, snowy egret, snowy plover, song sparrow, sooty shearwater, sora, southern alligator
lizard, southern flying squirrel, southern grasshopper mouse, southwestern toad, speckled rattlesnake, spotted leaf-nosed snake, spotted
owl, spotted sandpiper, spotted skunk, spotted towhee, starling, steller’s jay, striped skunk, surfbird, surfscoter, swainson’s hawk, tricolored
blackbird, tricolored heron, turkey vulture, two-striped garter snake, verdin, violet-green swallow, virginia opossum, virginia rail, wandering
tattler, warbling vireo, western blind snake, western bluebird, western diamond-back ratttlesnake, western fence lizard, western gray squirrel,
western grebe, western gull, western harvest mouse, western kingbird, western meadowlark, western patch-nose snake, western rattlesnake,
western sandpiper, western screech-owl, western scrub-jay, western shovel-nosed snake, western skink, western spadefoot toad, western
tanager, western terrestrial garter snake, western toad, western whiptail, western wood-pewee, whimbrel, whip-poor-will, white-breasted
nuthatch, white-crowned sparrow, white-footed mouse, white-headed woodpecker, white-tailed (black-shouldered) kite, white-throated swift,
white-winged dove, willet, wilson’s phalarope, wilson’s warbler, woodhouse toad, woodrat, wrentit yellow warbler, yellow-bellied marmot,
yellow-headed blackbird, yellow-rumped warbler, yellowleg, yucca night lizard, zebra-tailed lizard
source:
Southern California Natural History,
History Biology Department, Loyola Marymount University (www.bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/contents.htm)
C. Chung
D. Grey
Malibu will always protect its own image. Recently, roof rats were discovered in the
Colony, a gated community of the real superstars on the beach just south of the vil-
lage center. I saw one of the rats, and there was no doubt in my mind that it was a rat.
But when I asked a resident about it, a matronly figure who was no doubt the wife
of someone famous, she drew herself up and replied, “My dear, Malibu does not have
rats. Those are badgers.”
“They sure don’t look like badgers,” I said.
Without blinking, she said, “Even our badgers are unique.”
Al Martinez, City of Angles: A Drive-by Portrait of Los Angeles (New York: St. Martin’s
Press, 1996), 44–45.
January 2000: week 1 January 2000: week 3 February 2000: week 1
Average temperatures, 2000 (in degrees Fahrenheit)

Burbank-Glendale- Ontario
Pasadena
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
51 51 53 58 64 65 67 69 66 60 52 50 midnight 50 50 51 59 63 65 66 69 66 59 52 51
46 48 49 58 61 63 64 71 64 58 48 47 6 a.m. 49 49 49 57 60 62 63 67 64 57 49 48
63 63 65 67 82 83 83 84 77 71 68 67 noon 63 63 63 67 85 87 86 88 80 71 68 67
59 60 60 64 75 75 80 78 74 66 61 60 6 p.m. 58 60 60 64 76 77 80 81 74 66 61 61
51 53 52 58 63 63 65 70 65 59 52 51 midnight 51 53 51 55 63 63 65 69 66 59 52 51
Fullerton Riverside
NATURAL
HABITAT J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
84 50
47
64
59
52
49
63
61
55
52
64
60
59
58
70
65
62 66
60 65
78 79
70 73
66 69
66 68
79 82
74 76
68
66
79
73
62
59
73
67
51
48
67
60
50
47
65
59
midnight
6 a.m.
noon
6 p.m.
49
45
65
59
50
49
66
61
50
48
65
61
57
56
69
66
61 65
59 62
87 89
78 78
66 69
62 66
89 90
81 82
66
63
82
73
59
56
71
67
48
46
70
60
47
44
69
60
51 54 53 47 62 65 66 69 67 61 51 51 midnight 50 52 50 55 61 63 65 69 65 58 46 46
Temperature
April 2000: week 1 April 2000: week 3 Santa Monica May 2000: week 1
Hawthorne
J F M A M J J A S O N D
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60 55 52
58 58 59 63 62 64 65 69 67 63 56 54 midnight
51 53 54 62 62 68 67 70 65 60 52 50
55 55 56 61 60 64 66 69 67 62 51 51 6 a.m.
68 65 66 71 73 76 79 81 75 68 65 63
68 68 68 70 67 73 73 77 73 70 67 64 noon
58 60 60 66 69 73 74 74 68 64 59 55
62 63 61 65 66 73 69 71 68 65 61 57 6 p.m.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60 54 52
59 60 58 61 62 64 65 68 65 62 55 55 midnight
Santa Ana 10 Torrance
52 53 55 57 61 65 66 69 68 62 53 52 midnight -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
July 2000: week 1 July 2000: week 3 August 2000: week 1
50 51 53 60 60 64 66 68 55 62 52 50 6 a.m. 49 51 51 59 59 64 64 67 64 59 50 51
63 63 63 69 74 74 75 78 77 71 69 64 noon 64 65 62 68 72 77 76 78 74 71 68 64
58 60 58 63 68 69 70 72 70 65 60 57 6 p.m. 56 59 57 62 65 69 72 71 68 64 58 56
53 55 53 59 61 65 66 69 66 62 54 53 midnight -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Long Beach 11 Van Nuys
52 53 55 60 62 66 67 70 67 61 52 51 midnight 50 52 51 57 63 65 66 68 66 59 51 49
49 51 51 59 61 65 67 69 67 59 49 50 6 a.m. 44 47 48 56 59 63 63 66 64 57 46 47
64 65 63 68 75 76 76 78 76 70 67 61 noon 62 63 65 66 83 84 85 86 78 73 68 66
59 59 60 64 69 72 74 75 69 65 59 56 6 p.m. 59 59 61 53 77 77 80 81 73 66 60 60
53 54 55 58 62 66 66 69 65 61 53 51 midnight 50 52 52 57 62 62 64 70 64 59 51 50
-- = data not available

Los Angeles
56 54 55 60 61 64 64 69 67 63 56 57 midnight
51 51 53 60 60 64 65 69 66 62 52 52 6 a.m.
63 62 66 66 68 71 73 75 72 69 66 63 noon
58 58 64 65 64 66 67 69 67 64 61 57 6 p.m.
56 56 55 58 61 63 64 67 64 62 56 55 midnight
October 2000: week 1 October 2000: week 3 November 2000: week 1
source:
National Climatic Data Center (www.ncdc.noaa.gov)
February 2000: week 3 March 2000: week 1 March 2000: week 3
Weather stations
11 1
7
9
8
6
3
2
5
10
4
May 2000: week 3 June 2000: week 1 June 2000: week 3
August 2000: week 3 September 2000: week 1 September 2000: week 3
Yet Southern California at least by Lyellian standards is a revolutionary, not a reformist

landscape. It is Walden Pond on LSD. As in other Mediterranean and dryland
environments, the “average” is merely an abstraction. Indeed, nothing is less likely
to occur than “average rainfall.” At Los Angeles City Hall, where the annual precipitation
is pegged at 15.3 inches, that mark has been hit only a few times in the 127-year history
of measured rainfall. Indeed, only 17 percent of years approach within 25 percent
of the historical average. The actual norm turns out to be seven- to twelve-year swings
between dry and wet spells. The graph of historical rainfall oscillates over the decades
like a seismograph recording the successive shocks of a major earthquake. Sometimes
the annual average rainfall is delivered during a single week-long Kona storm, as
happened in 1938 and 1969; or even, incredibly, in a single 12-hour deluge, as in Bel Air
on New Year’s Day 1934. During droughts, on the other hand, it may take two or even
three years to achieve the mean.
(New York: Metropolitan Books, Inc., 1998), 16.
November 2000: week 3 December 2000: week 1 December 2000: week 3

Precipitation in Los Angeles, 2000
Burbank
Hawthorne
Fullerton
Santa Ana
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Ontario
Riverside
Santa Monica
Torrance
Van Nuys
January 1.7(6) 1.45(2)
1.45 .62(3)
.62 .74(3)
.74 .51(5)
.51 .65(6)
.65 .83(4)
.83 .68(5)
.68 1.28(8) .92
1.28 .92(5) 1.17(9)
1.17
February 7.35(12) 4.93

4.93(10) 4.01(5) 4.65(13) 2.86
4.65 2.86(11) 4.71
4.71(10) 8.78
8.78(13) 2.95
2.95(12) 7.6
7.6(14) 4.53(11) 5.71
5.71(13)
March 2.72(6) 1.95(4)

1.95 1.55(2) 1.7(4)
1.7 1.7(6)
1.7 2.4(6)
2.4 2.92(5)
2.92 1.63(6)
1.63 3.0(5)
3.0 2.79(4)
2.79 1.95(6)
1.95
NATURAL April 2.75(3) 2.68(2)

2.68 2.55(2)
2.55 .82(2)
.82 1.15(3)
1.15 1.88(2)
1.88 2.55(4)
2.55 .65(2)
.65 1.85(3)
1.85 1.11(2)
1.11 2.27(2)
2.27
HABITAT
86 May
June
0
0
0
0
.06(1)
.06
0
.06(1)
.06
0
.03(1)
.03
0
0
0
.75(3)
.75
0
0
0
.01(1)
.01
0
0
0
.08(2)
.08
July 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
August .15(2) 0 0 .01(1)

.01 0 .03(1)
.03 .01(1)
.01 0 .11(1)
.11 0 .30(1)
.30
September .22(1) 0 0 .06(1)

.06 0 .03(1)
.03 0 0 .15(1)
.15 .11(1)
.11 .10(3)
.10
October 0 0 0 1.36(6)
1.36 2.3(5)
2.3 1.12(6)
1.12(6) 0 .47(5)
.47(5) 1.84(7)
1.84 2.29(6)
2.29 1.69(4)
1.69
Precipitation
November 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .05(1)
.05 0 0 0
December .02(2) 0 0 .07(2)

.07 0 0 0 0 .02(1)
.02 0 0
source:
National Climatic Data Center (www.ncdc.noaa.gov)
inches (number of days of

rain)
Rain is one of our more consistent natural disasters. It rarely just rains in L.A.
It storms…tropically. This may not seem like a big deal in Miami or New Orleans or
Corpus Christi, but when you figure a mattress in Lane Three can effectively paralyze
the world’s most complicated freeway system, rainfall is a major problem. Streets
flood, bridges collapse, hillsides slide, roads are closed, and mud fills houses up to
their built-in bars, especially in Malibu, where everything miserable seems to focus.…
A bridge collapsed, hillsides slid, roads were closed, and mountains of mud filled very
expensive homes, the same as always. And, as always, the residents of Malibu, both
famous and not famous, emerged from the muck proclaiming they would not live
anywhere else in the world, no matter what, and sang as they shoveled the gluck from
their living rooms.
Al Martinez, City of Angels: A Drive-by Portrait of Los Angeles
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 29–30.
Santa Ana winds
Dry air from the interior of the U.S. moves southwest towards Southern California.
As this air flows down into the Los Angeles Basin through the low gaps
in the mountains (notably Cajon Pass on the east end of the San Gabriel Mountains
and Soledad Pass south of Palmdale), it compresses and warms about five degrees
Fahrenheit for every 1,000 feet that it descends. Though these winds are much
cooler high in the mountains, they assume gale force as they descend and
are often the source of air turbulence for airliners on approach to Los Angeles
International Airport.
map source:
www.cnn.com/US/9610/22/wildfires.update/index.html
chart source:
Climate Data and Climate Files, Teaching Architecture & Energy, Washington University, St. Louis
(http://dell2002.cap.utk.edu/ecodesign/ecocurriculum)
high
wind from desert
compression
velocity
Wind velocity range, 1998
55
50
45
Wind
40
35
30
record high 25
average high 20
mean
15
average low
10
record low
5
0
The seasons have been wronged; July Santa Ana winds railroaded into January.
The warm swaggering air. Saturday night is heated by the bracing force that causes
trees to stagger. Leafy bushes gangsta-lean and stand eight-count straight again.
Pinecones and twigs street-race down Degnan. The block is hot. A baritone whir presses
against room-temperature windows, whispers under panes. It’s the theme that calls
couples from the bedroom to the center of hardwood floors. Many lights are low when
the Santa Anas hit town.
Michael Datcher, Raising Fences: A Black Man’s Love Story (New York: Riverhead Books, 2001), 260.
Major landslides
year slide land area deaths damage
1. 1934 La Cañada Debris Flow 1,920 acres 84 people --
2. 1956 Portuguese Bend Slide 270 acres -- --
3. 1983 Big Rock Mesa Slide 200 acres -- $100 million
4. 1993 Anaheim Hills Slide 60 acres -- $4 million
5. 1994 Northridge Slides 2,560 acres -- $60 million
K. Hirt
NATURAL
HABITAT
90
Mudslides
photos: T. Morrison
1
# of acres moved
10+ acres
100+ acres
2 4
1,000+ acres
high landslide event
moderate landslide event
map source:
Michael Dear & Heidi Sommer, eds., Atlas of Southern California, vol. 2
(Los Angeles: Southern California Studies Center, University of Southern California, 1998)
Never was humanity’s symbiotic relationship more revealing than in Topanga Canyon,
where aging hippies left over from the sixties live in cabinlike structures down
the road from yuppie film moguls and furniture store owners in million-dollar estates.
When torrential rains sent hillsides slipping, rich joined with the poor in filling sandbags
and digging drainage ditches to shore up hillsides and divert the rushing water.
Bottles of vintage Châteauneuf-du-Pape were passed round like Budweiser during
breaks in the hard work, and I personally heard one aging hippie ask a movie director,
“Can you buy this stuff at Pic ‘n’ Save?”
Al Martinez, City of Angles: A Drive-by Portrait of Los Angeles (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), 31.
photos 92-97: L. Hammerness
The big ones

date name fault magnitude damage Earthquakes
casualties
1. December 1812 San Juan Capistrano-Wrightwood San Andreas 7.5 -- 40
2. March 1933 Long Beach Earthquake Newport-Inglewood 6.4 $50 million 120
3. February 1971 Sylmar Earthquake San Fernando 6.6 $553 million 65
4. October 1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake Elysian Park 5.9 $358 million 8
5. January 1994 Northridge Earthquake Northridge Thrust 6.7 $12.5 billion 57
Faults in Los Angeles

length probable magnitude
1. Cabrillo Fault 13 miles 6.0-6.8
2. Chatsworth Fault 13 miles 6.0-6.8
NATURAL3. Chino Fault 13 miles 6.0-7.0
HABITAT
92
4. Clamshell-Sawpit Canyon Fault 11 miles --
5. Cucamonga Fault Zone 19 miles 6.0-7.0
6. Eagle Rock Fault 7 miles --
7. El Modeno Fault 6 miles --
8. Elsinore Fault Zone 112 miles 6.5-7.5
9. Hollywood Fault 9 miles 5.8-6.5
10. Los Alamitos Fault 7 miles --
11. Malibu Coast Fault 21 miles 6.0-7.1
12. Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone 47 miles 6.5-7.4
13. Northridge Fault 16 miles --
14. Palos Verdes Fault Zone 50 miles 6.0-7.0
15. Peralta Hills Fault 6 miles --
16. Raymond Fault 16 miles 6.0-7.0
17. Red Hill Fault 16 miles 6.0-7.0
18. Redondo Canyon Fault 7 miles --
19. San Andreas Fault Zone 746 miles 6.8-8.0
20. San Antonio Fault 13 miles --
21. San Gabriel Fault 87 miles --
22. San Jacinto Fault Zone 131 miles --
23. San Jose Fault 11 miles 6.0-6.5
24. Santa Monica Fault 15 miles 6.0-7.0
25. Santa Susana Fault Zone 24 miles 6.5-7.3
26. Sierra Madre Fault Zone 47 miles 6.0-7.0
27. Stoddard Canyon Fault 11 miles --
28. Verdugo Fault 13 miles --
29. Whittier Fault 25 miles 6.0-7.2
sources:
Southern California Earthquake Data Center (www.scecdc.scec.org)
San Andreas Fault Zone
Santa Susana Fault Zone San Gabriel Fault 1

3
Northridge Hills Fault San Antonio Fault
Chatsworth Fault 5
San Fernando Fault Zone Sierra Madre Fault Zone Stoddard Canyon Fault
Clamshell-Sawpit
Verdugo Fault
San Fernando Fault Zone Canyon Fault
Eagle Rock Fault
Hollywood Fault Cucamonga Fault Red Hill Fault
Raymond Fault
Malibu Coast Fault
San Jose Fault San Jacinto Fault Zone
Santa Monica Fault

Whittier Fault
Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone 4 Chino Fault
Los Alamitos Fault

Redondo Canyon Fault Peralta Hills
El Modeno Fault
Elsinore Fault Zone

Cabrillo Fault
Newport-Inglewood-Rose Canyon Fault Zone

fault line
magnitude 1–6
2
magnitude 6.1–7
Palos Verdes Fault Zone
magnitude 7.1+
Ah, Los Angeles! Truckers call it Shakey Town, heartsick celebs call it Splitsville. When
it comes to earthquakes, we’re like a rat in the jaws of a rottweiler—no fun for the rat,
right? Well, wait just a New York minute. Without earthquakes, this town wouldn’t
be half as exotic as it is. Mudslides? Yawn. Movie stars? Pass the Prozac. Drive-bys?
Been there, done that. No, we live under a tectonic death sentence called the Big One,
and by golly, that’s exciting. Not just anybody can happily go about their business
knowing that today’s cozy Craftsman cottage could be tomorrow’s gaping hole.
Bill Moseley, “Ready to Rumble: What’s Cool About Quakes,” Glue Magazine
(November/December 1998), 15.
Earthquakes
NATURAL
HABITAT
94
But I am not summoning Armageddon. Despite the wishful thinking of evangelicals
impatient for the Rapture or deep ecologists who believe that Gaia would be happiest
with a thin sprinkling of hunter-gatherers, megacities like Los Angeles will never
simply collapse and disappear. Rather, they will stagger on, with higher body counts
and greater distress, through a chain of more frequent and destructive encounters
with disasters of all sorts; while vital parts of the region’s high-tech and tourist econo-
mies eventually emigrate to safer ground, together with hundreds of thousands of its
more affluent residents.
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998), 54–55.
Earthquakes
NATURAL
HABITAT
96
Top 10 largest fires
date name cause acres burned structures destroyed damage deaths
1. October 1933 Mineral Wells Canyon Fire unknown 40 -- -- 36
2. November 1961 Bel Air Fire unknown 6,090 484 -- 0
3. October 1978 Agoura-Malibu Fire arson 31,000 186 -- 50
4. September 1979 Los Angeles National Fire forest fire 31,000 -- $20 million 90
5. November 1980 Panorama Fire arson 23,600 325 -- 4
Wildfires
6. 1993 21 wind-driven fires unknown 189,000 1,260 $1 billion+ 4
7. October 1993 Kinneloa Fire campfire 5,485 196 -- 1
8. October 1993 Laguna Fire arson 14,437 441 -- 0
9. October 1993 Topanga Fire arson 18,000 323 -- 3
10. August 1999 Willows Fire brush fire 63,486 19 $11 million --
NATURAL
HABITAT -- = data not available
98
sources:
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (www.fire.ca.gov)
Michael Dear and Heidi Sommer, eds., Atlas of Southern California, Volume 2, 2
(Los Angeles: Southern California Studies Center, University of Southern California, 1998)
J. McKnight
1
2 3
5
6
4
M. Lipson L. Hammerness
6
10
7
4
6
3 1 5
66
9 2
6
6
acres burned
100–6,999
7,000–18,999
19,000–59,999 6
60,000+
8
6
10
L. Hammerness
photos 100-103: K. Brooke
Wildfires
NATURAL
HABITAT
100
Wildfires
NATURAL
HABITAT
102
Fire meant the end of immunity, the window of advantage gone, the biosphere so
essential to Southern California taking revenge, or the non-white hidden world claim-
ing its place. The mood after 1965 sparked national bestsellers about the end of L.A.,
like Richard Lillard’s remarkable Eden in Jeopardy (1966), or Curt Gentry’s The Last
Days of the Late, Great State of California (1968). Journalist Lawrence Powell wrote
this about a fire in Malibu:
What next? Cliff slippage? Earthquake? Drought? Plague? War? All have
visited the earth at some time in history. Southern California should not
expect immunity forever.
Speaking of not knowing which immunity is which: landscape specialists tell me that
even the horrific Malibu fire of 1994, gruesome as it was, will fertilize the soil and clear
the land for chaparral, which is the basis of the entire food chain. However, developers
often level the native brown and purple chaparral anyway, on the grounds that it is not
green enough. Then plants and trees from other climates are inserted as ornamental
exotica, which also inhibit the natural growth.
Norman M. Klein, The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory (London
and New York: Verso, 1997), 83.

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E.

Distributed by the University of California Press,

Copyright © 2001 Art Center College of Design

INTRODUCTION Foreword Country Desert Natural

144 212 234

150 Identity Trade/ Household

188 Manufacturing Ranking

Body Beautiful Housing

Within every great city thrives a rich cluster

For this reason, Art Center College of Design organized

This landmark book—a graphic snapshot of the city

As a series of next steps to these proposals, we strongly

10 The places of present-day architecture cannot repeat

Los Angeles is a remarkable city. And it can be

When Richard Koshalek, President of Art Center

In the film Powers of Ten (1977), Charles and Ray

LOS ANGELES Sprawl

13.5 km 14.0 km 14.5 km

16.5 km 17.0 km 17.5 km

21.0 km 21.5 km 22.0 km Rialto 22.5 km 23.0 km

23.5 km 24.0 km 24.5 km 25.0 km Fontana 25.5 km

26.0 km 26.5 km 27.0 km 27.5 km 28.0 km

28.5 km 29.0 km 29.5 km 30.0 km 30.5 km

future agglomeration boundary

31.0 km 31.5 km 32.0 km Rancho Cucamonga 32.5 km 33.0 km

33.5 km 34.0 km 34.5 km 35.0 km 35.5 km 36.0 km

Indigenous villages Mission San Fernando Rey de España

San Los Angeles County

tte e Los Angeles County

s San Bernardino County

Hollywood Sign New York

San California Aqueduct 101

38.5 km 39.0 km 39.5 km 40.0 km 40.5 km 41.0 km

San Gabriel Mountains

San Diego County

Ventura County Los Angeles County

San Diego County

41.5 km 42.0 km 42.5 km 43.0 km 44.0 km

44.5 km 45.0 km 45.5 km 46.0 km 46.5 km 47.0 km

47.5 km 48.0 km 48.5 km 49.0 km 49.5 km 50.0 km

The total population of Los Angeles is 13,100,768

50.5 km 51.0 km 51.5 km 52.0 km 52.5 km 53.0 km

������� Madrid x 4.6

������������ Philadelphia x 8.6

Phoenix x 9.9 Caracas x 3.8

Comparisons Houston x 6.7

Peter Schrag, Paradise Lost: California’s Experience, America’s Future

53.5 km 54.0 km 54.5 km 55.0 km Claremont 55.5 km

62.5 km 63.0 km 63.5 km

64.0 km 64.5 km 65.0 km 65.5 km

66.0 km 66.5 km 67.0 km 67.5 km 68.0 km

70.5 km 71.0 km 71.5 km 72.0 km 72.5 km

New York City

73.0 km 73.5 km 74.0 km 74.5 km 75.0 km 75.5 km

Agglomerations around the globe, 2001

76.0 km 76.5 km 77.0 km 77.5 km 78.0 km 78.5 km

San–San Megalopolis Los–Las Megalopolis Boston–D.C. Megalopolis

Population 29,016,756 Population 14,866,019 Population 42,004,111

85.0 km 85.5 km 86.0 km Monterey Park 86.5 km 87.0 km 87.5 km

1. California 2. Texas 3. New York 4. Florida

Among states, the population of Los Angeles equals

89.0 km 89.5 km 90.0 km 90.5 km 91.0 km 91.5 km

�� Madrid x 4.6

�� Philadelphia x 8.6