PDF Alimentos Funcionales 2013

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIN FACULTAD DE FARMACIA
Alimentos funcionales
Prof. Dr. Mario Aranda B. Laboratorio de estudios avanzados en frmacos y alimentos Departamento de Bromatologa, Nutricin y Diettica
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ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES
POR QU?
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NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
POR QU?
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Denicin
Son aquellos alimentos que en forma natural o procesada, contienen componentes que ejercen efectos beneciosos para la salud, que van ms all de la nutricin.* Los alimentos funcionales son aquellos que contienen componentes biolgicamente activos que ofrecen benecios para la salud y reducen el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades.**
*http://www.inta.cl/Consumidor/tripticos/funcionales/index.asp?offset=1 **Alimentos Funcionales. FECYT. ISBN 84-689-4204-9

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ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES Origen-Japn
1980 nacen 3 programas de investigacin, uno alimentos funcionales.
de ellos sobre el desarrollo de
1991 se establece una categora de alimentos potencialmente beneciosos, denominados alimentos de uso especco para la salud (Foods for Specic Health Use, FOSHU). FOSHU aquellos alimentos de los que se espera que ejerzan un efecto benecioso especco sobre la salud, por adicin de determinados constituyentes activos. FOSHU evaluado como producto nal a la forma de alimento habitual.
* ILSI Europe
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Denicin
The European Commission Concerted Action on Functional Food Science in Europe (FUFOSE): A food can be regarded as functional if it is satisfactorily demonstrated to affect benecially one or more target functions in the body, beyond adequate nutritional effects in a way that is relevant to either an improved state of health and well-being and/or reduction of risk of disease.*
* Scientic Concepts of Functional Foods in Europe Consensus Document, Brit. J. Nutr. 81 (1999): S1-S27
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Aspectos operativos de la denicin*
Naturaleza alimentaria del alimento funcional: no es un comprimido, ni una cpsula, ni ninguna otra forma de suplemento alimenticio. La demostracin de sus efectos debe satisfacer las exigencias de la comunidad cientca. Debe producir efectos beneciosos sobre las funciones orgnicas, adems de sus efectos nutricionales intrnsecos, apropiados para mejorar la salud y el bienestar, reducir el riesgo de enfermedad (no prevenir), o ambas cosas. Deben ser consumidos como parte de un rgimen normal.
* ILSI Europe
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Clases
! Probiticos, prebiticos ! Fibra
dietaria y minerales fenlicos y derivados
! Vitaminas ! Derivados
! Carotenoides ! cidos
grasos y toesteroles
! Compuestos Azufrados
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EXAMPLES
Class/Components
Carotenoids
Beta-carotene Lutein, Zeaxanthin Lycopene
OF
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS*
Potential Benefit
neutralizes free radicals, which may damage cells; bolsters cellular antioxidant defenses; can be made into vitamin A in the body may contribute to maintenance of healthy vision may contribute to maintenance of prostate health
Source*
carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, cantaloupe kale, collards, spinach, corn, eggs, citrus tomatoes and processed tomato products, watermelon, red/pink grapefruit
Dietary (functional and total) Fiber

Insoluble fiber Beta glucan** Soluble fiber** Whole grains** wheat bran, corn bran, fruit skins oat bran, oatmeal, oat flour, barley, rye psyllium seed husk, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruit cereal grains, whole wheat bread, oatmeal, brown rice may contribute to maintenance of a healthy digestive tract; may reduce the risk of some types of cancer may reduce risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) may reduce risk of CHD and some types of cancer may reduce risk of CHD and some types of cancer; may contribute to maintenance of healthy blood glucose levels
Fatty Acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)** Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) Omega-3 fatty acidsALA PUFAsOmega-3 fatty acidsDHA/EPA** Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) tree nuts, olive oil, canola oil walnuts, flax salmon, tuna, marine, and other fish oils beef and lamb; some cheese may reduce risk of CHD may contribute to maintenance of heart health; may contribute to maintenance of mental and visual function may reduce risk of CHD; may contribute to maintenance of mental and visual function may contribute to maintenance of desirable body composition and healthy immune function
Flavonoids
AnthocyaninsCyanidin, Delphinidin, Malvidin FlavanolsCatechins, Epicatechins, Epigallocatechin, Procyanidins FlavanonesHesperetin, Naringenin FlavonolsQuercetin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin, Myricetin Proanthocyanidins berries, cherries, red grapes tea, cocoa, chocolate, apples, grapes citrus foods onions, apples, tea, broccoli cranberries, cocoa, apples, strawberries, grapes, wine, peanuts, cinnamon bolsters cellular antioxidant defenses; may contribute to maintenance of brain function may contribute to maintenance of heart health neutralize free radicals, which may damage cells; bolster cellular antioxidant defenses neutralize free radicals, which may damage cells; bolster cellular antioxidant defenses may contribute to maintenance of urinary tract health and heart health
Isothiocyanates
Sulforaphane cauliflower, broccoli, broccoli sprouts, cabbage, kale, horseradish may enhance detoxification of undesirable compounds; bolsters cellular antioxidant defenses
Minerals
Calcium** Magnesium Potassium** Selenium sardines, spinach, yogurt, low-fat dairy products, fortified foods and beverages spinach, pumpkin seeds, whole grain breads and cereals, halibut, brazil nuts potatoes, low-fat dairy products, whole grain breads and cereals, citrus juices, beans, bananas fish, red meat, grains, garlic, liver, eggs may reduce the risk of osteoporosis may contribute to maintenance of normal muscle and nerve function, healthy immune function, and bone health may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke, in combination with a low-sodium diet neutralizes free radicals, which may damage cells; may contribute to healthy immune function
Phenolic Acids
Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid apples, pears, citrus fruits, some vegetables, coffee
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may bolster cellular antioxidant defenses; may contribute to maintenance of healthy vision and heart health
Plant Stanols/Sterols
Free Stanols/Sterols** Stanol/Sterol esters** corn, soy, wheat, wood oils, fortified foods and beverages fortified table spreads, stanol ester dietary supplements some chewing gums and other food applications may reduce risk of CHD may reduce risk of CHD may reduce risk of dental caries
Polyols
Sugar alcohols**Xylitol, Sorbitol, Mannitol, Lactitol
Prebiotics
Inulin, Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), Polydextrose whole grains, onions, some fruits, garlic, honey, leeks, fortified foods and beverages may improve gastrointestinal health; may improve calcium absorption
Probiotics
Yeast, Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and other specific strains of beneficial bacteria certain yogurts and other cultured dairy and non-dairy applications may improve gastrointestinal health and systemic immunity; benefits are strain-specific
Phytoestrogens
IsoflavonesDaidzein, Genistein Lignans soybeans and soy-based foods flax, rye, some vegetables may contribute to maintenance of bone health, healthy brain and immune function; for women, may contribute to maintenance of menopausal health may contribute to maintenance of heart health and healthy immune function
Soy Protein
Soy Protein** soybeans and soy-based foods may reduce risk of CHD
Sulfides/Thiols
Diallyl sulfide, Allyl methyl trisulfide Dithiolthiones garlic, onions, leeks, scallions cruciferous vegetables may enhance detoxification of undesirable compounds; may contribute to maintenance of heart health and healthy immune function may enhance detoxification of undesirable compounds; may contribute to maintenance of healthy immune function
Vitamins
A*** B1 (Thiamin) B2 (Riboflavin) B3 (Niacin) B5 (Pantothenic acid) B6 (Pyridoxine) B9 (Folate)** B12 (Cobalamin) Biotin C D E organ meats, milk, eggs, carrots, sweet potato, spinach lentils, peas, long-grain brown rice, brazil nuts lean meats, eggs, green leafy vegetables dairy products, poultry, fish, nuts, eggs organ meats, lobster, soybeans, lentils beans, nuts, legumes, fish, meat, whole grains beans, legumes, citrus foods, green leafy vegetables, fortified breads and cereals eggs, meat, poultry, milk liver, salmon, dairy, eggs, oysters guava, sweet red/green pepper, kiwi, citrus fruit, strawberries sunlight, fish, fortified foods and beverages such as milk, juices, and cereals sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts, turnip greens may contribute to maintenance of healthy vision, immune function, and bone health; may contribute to cell integrity may contribute to maintenance of mental function; helps regulate metabolism helps support cell growth; helps regulate metabolism helps support cell growth; helps regulate metabolism helps regulate metabolism and hormone synthesis may contribute to maintenance of healthy immune function; helps regulate metabolism may reduce a womans risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect may contribute to maintenance of mental function; helps regulate metabolism and supports blood cell formation helps regulate metabolism and hormone synthesis neutralizes free radicals, which may damage cells; may contribute to maintenance of bone health and immune function helps regulate calcium and phosphorus; helps contribute to bone health; may contribute to healthy immune function; helps support cell growth neutralizes free radicals, which may damage cells; may contribute to healthy immune function and maintenance of heart health
* Examples are not an all-inclusive list. ** FDA approved health claim established for component. *** Preformed vitamin A is found in foods that come from animals. Provitamin A carotenoids are found in many darkly colored fruits and vegetables and are a major source of vitamin A for vegetarians.
February 2007
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Source: International Food Information Council Foundation
Vegetales Fibras Aceite Oliva Pescados W3W6 cido linoleico conjugado

Obesidad
Dieta mediterrnea?
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Enfermedades crnicas no transmisibles
Vinos Polifenoles
Vinos
Propiedades saludables
1. Ms de 500 compuestos identicados en el vino, de estos uno de los principales son los fenoles y polifenoles. En vinos tintos se encuentran en gran abundancia (1-4 g/L), en vinos blancos su nivel bastante ms bajo (0.2-0.3 g/L). 2. Estos polifenoles protegeran a las LDL de la oxidacin, y por lo tanto de la iniciacin del proceso de aterosclerosis. De la misma forma protegen la funcin endotelial va incremento de NO. In vitro poseen actividades anti-inamatoria, antialrgica, antitrombtica, antimicrobiana y antineoplsica 3. El alcohol aumenta los niveles de HDL al aumentar el movimiento del colesterol desde la zonas perifricas hacia el hgado, adems disminuye la concentracin de bringeno y otros factores de la coagulacin, dicultando la formacin de trombos.
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O. FRANKEN/CORBIS
Rosy prospect? A compound found in red wine might help to protect against the health problems associated with obesity.
David Sinclair believes resveratrol is a miracle drug. Hes been taking it for three years because he hopes it will help him live a healthMonday, March 28, 2011 ier life, despite a lack of evidence that it works
A votre sant : now in pill form? RESVERATROL
compared with the mice on high-calorie diets obesity from its downs NATURE|Vol 444|2 November 2006 that did not get the drug. or that resveratrol does 18 a potentially revolutionary finding. Thats restriction in mammals But for those desperate to undo the effects of nism isnt so important
Resveratrol
De alimento funcional a nutracutico
1. Compuesto polifenlico clasicado como estilbeno producido por varias plantas tambin denominado toalexina (propiedades antibacterianas y antifungicas) 2. Es posible encontrarlo en uvas, vino tinto y algunas berries. Su concentracin varia de acuerdo a factores como: origen geogrco, exposicin a hongos, especie, condiciones de produccin, etc. 3. Su concentracin en vino se encuentra en el rango de: ND a 14.3 mg!L-1*
*FOOD CHEMISTRY 101 (2007): 449-457

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Resveratrol
De alimento funcional a nutracutico
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Resveratrol
De alimento funcional a nutracutico - nuevas molculas
Diferentes actividades biolgicas han sido descritas: anticancerigeno, antiviral, neuroprotector, antinamatorio, antioxidante, etc. Presenta un efecto protector en condiciones de dietas hipercloricas: aumenta el tiempo de vida, aumenta la sensibilidad a la insulina, disminuye la patologa de los rganos, etc.* Alto nivel de absorcin pero muy baja biodisponilidad Farmacutica SIRTRIS desarrolla formula farmacutica (STR501) que alcanza niveles teraputicos. Resveratrol es activador del gen SIRT1, SIRTRIS desarrolla 3 nuevas molculas, 1000 veces ms potentes en activar SIRT1, las podran ser una alternativa de tratamiento para diabetes tipo 2.**
* nature 444 (2006): 337-342 ** nature 450 (2007): 712-716

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20 0
SD
22
HC
HCR
2006
altering plasma lipid levels (Table 1) Nature Publishing Groupby staining with haema liver sections revealed a loss of cellular integrity and
* nature 444 (2006): 337-342
Latency to fall from rotarod (s)
betes, cardiovascular and non . Compared to for older animals19disease condition for for which there is no effec the curves both glucose and a 60 b mice had alterations in plasma levels o decreased in the resveratrol-fed HC 1.0 of different diabetes and a shorter incl from mice inlifespan, the SD gro 50 lin, glucose and IGF-1 (Table 1). The Next, we investigated possible 0.8 lower levels of these markers, paralleli 40 bolic effects. AMPK is a metaboli cose toleranceand test indicated that the i sensitivity fatty acid oxidati 0.6 30 atrol-treated mice was considerably hi with phosphorylation at Thr 172 Homeostatic model assessment, whi AMPK occurs on a calorically restr Standard diet 20 resistance, gave scores of 2.5 for SD, 0.4 High calorie as a longevity strategy for mamm Standard diet confirming improved sensitivity (H High calorie + resveratrol High calorie 10 additional copies of the AMPK geg Although the persistence of high High calorie + resveratrol 21 0.2 . Because we and othe C. elegans 60in min following an oral dose is unusu 0 can activate AMPK in cultured cel 19 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 . Compared to the for older animals (Fig. 2e; see Supplementary 3a Time (weeks) 0 the curves foralso both glucose and in 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 activation occurred in the livers b decreased in the resveratrol-fed HC gr 1.0 Time (weeks) veratrol showed different from mice a instrong the SDtendenc group ( c tion AMPK (Fig. 2f), as well 160 Next,of we investigated possible me 0.8 15 months activity, namely phosphorylation o bolic effects. AMPK is a metabolic re 140 * 18 months and decreased expression of fat 21 months and fatty acid oxidation. 31% risksensitivity of death 120 0.6 24 months # Fig. 3e, f). with phosphorylation at Thr 172 (p-A 100 AMPK occurs on a calorically restricti # # 0.4 pathology 80 # as Decreased a longevityorgan strategy for mammals Standard diet # # # High calorie additional copiesof ofage theit AMPK gene a At 18 months was apparen 60 High calorie + resveratrol 2 0.2 . Because weweight and others in increased C. elegans21 the size and of liv 40 can activate AMPK in cultured these changes (Fig. 3ac; seecells alsoth S 20 (Fig. 2e; seeplasma also Supplementary 3ad) 0 altering lipid levels (Tabl 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 activation occurred in the livers t 0 liver sections by staining with of hae Time (weeks) SD HC HCR veratrol showed a strong tendency revealed a loss of cellular integrityto a c tion of AMPK (Fig. 2f), as well as 160 Figure 1 | Resveratrol increases survival and improves rotarod droplets in the livers of the HC t 15 months namely phosphorylation of a diet (SD), performance. a, Body weights of mice fed a standard 140 * high-calorie activity, 18 months scoring of the liver sections for o and decreased expression of fatty a diet (HC), or high-calorie diet plus resveratrol (HCR). b, KaplanMeier 21 months (with 4 being the most severe) ga 120 24(months survival curves. Hazard ratio for HCR is 0.69 x2 5 5.39, # P 5 0.020) versus Fig. 3e, f). group, 2.8 for the HC group and SD. The hazard ratio for HC HC, and 1.03100 (x2 5 0.022, P 5 0.88) versus # # 2 Plasma amylase, which can indicat to fall from an accelerating Decreased versus SD is 1.43 organ pathology 80 (x 5 5.75, P 5 0.016). # # # c, Time # from a pre-designated in the HC group and was sign rotarod was measured every 3 months for all survivors At 18 months of age it was apparent th 60 (Table 1). The reasons for the elev subset of each group; n 5 15 (SD), 6 (HC) and 9 (HCR). Asterisk, P , 0.05 increased the size and weight of livers 40 P , 0.05 versus SD. Error bars indicate s.e.m. versus HC; hash, the HC group are3ac; unclear tha these changes (Fig. see given also Sup
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 Time (weeks)
Latency to fall from rotarod (s) Proportion surviving
Proportion Bodysurviving weight (g)
SD
HC
HCR
b
Liver pathology (AU)
4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0
izing that the comparison of changes induced by these two paradigms

a
600 500
AUC (mg dl1)
b 30,000
25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 SD HC HCR #
*
SD HC HCR #
Glucose (mg dl1)
400 300 200 100 0 0

Standard diet High calorie High calorie + resveratrol
d
Heart pathology (AU)
*
SD HC HCR
c 12
Insulin (ng ml1)
10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (min)
Standard diet High calorie High calorie + resveratrol
d 400
AUC (ng ml1)
10 8 6 4 2 0 0
300 200 100 0 SD HC HCR
f
Mitochondria per cell (% of SD)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
*
#
SD HC HCR
10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (min)
AL
AL
CR
Resv.
+ Resv.
h
Intensity (% of control)
200 150 100 50 0
*
e
p-AMPK
C on 50 tro 0 l DM M A 12 SO IC AR .5 25 M r 50 M r esv M esv . re . sv . AMPK phosphorylation in liver (p-AMPK/total)
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 SD
i
Ac-Lys Total PGC-1
IgG
PGC-1 acetylation (Ac-Lys/total)
AL CR Re + sv. Re sv .
i
Ac-Lys Total PGC-1
IgG
HC
HC + resv.
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
p-ACC AMPK Tubulin
*
HC HC + resv.
HC HCR
Figure 3 | Resveratrol improves liver histology, increases mitochondrial number and decreases acetylation of PGC-1a. ac, Resveratrol prevents the development of fatty liver, as assessed by organ size (a), overall pathology (b) and decreased fat accumulation as measured by oil red O staining (c). AU, arbitrary units. d, Pathology of heart sections. Additional histology of liver, heart and aorta is shown in Supplementary Fig. 4. e, f, Transmission electron microscopy of liver sections (e) and mitochondrial counts (f). g, h, Mitochondrial number in HeLa cells treated with serum from ad libitumfed (AL) or calorically restricted (CR) rats, or resveratrol, and stained with Mitotracker green FM. i, j, Resveratrol reduces the acetylation of PGC-1a, a known SIRT1 target and regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in vivo. PGC1a was immunoprecipitated from liver extracts then blotted for acetyl lysine (i) and quantified (j). Asterisk, P , 0.05 versus HC; hash, P , 0.05 versus SD. n 5 5 for b and d; n 5 3 for f and j. Error bars indicate s.e.m.
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Figure 2 | Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity and activates AMPK. ad, Plasma levels of glucose (a, b) and insulin (c, d) were measured after a 2 g kg21 oral glucose dose. Areas under the curves (AUC) were significantly reduced by resveratrol treatment. e, Activation of AMPK by resveratrol in CHO cells. In the presence of resveratrol or 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) as a positive control, phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), are increased. f, AMPK activity in liver. Phosphorylation of AMPK (f), acetyl-coA carboxylase (Supplementary Fig. 3e) and decreased expression of fatty acid synthase (Supplementary Fig. 3f) are indicative of enhanced AMPK activity. Asterisk, P , 0.05 versus HC; hash, P , 0.05 versus SD. n 5 5 for all groups. Error bars indicate s.e.m.
Monday, March 28, 2011 ublishing Group
2006 Nature Publishing Group
* nature 444 (2006): 337-342
Figure 3 | Resv number and de development o (b) and decrea arbitrary units heart and aort electron micro g, h, Mitochon fed (AL) or cal Mitotracker gr known SIRT1 t 1a was immun (i) and quantif n 5 5 for b and
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Fibra Dietaria
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LIGNINA (polimero estructuralmente compuesto por fenilpropanoles + carbohidratos)

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INULINA (Polmeros compuesto prinicipalmente por fructosa ["(2#1)glicosdicos)]

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* European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009), 1 13
Aceite de Oliva
1. cidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFAs) como el cido oleico y poliinsaturados (PUFAs) presentan actividad hipocolesterolmica, [Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:191727.]. 2. La oxidacin de las LDL juega un rol primordial aterosclerosis y las enfermedades coronarias, los MUFAs son menos susceptibles a la oxidacin que los PUFAs, donde adems son protegidos por los antioxidantes propios (Oleuropena e hidroxitirosol) del aceite de oliva [Pharmacol. Res. 2007; 55: 175186] 3. Cuando los cidos grasos saturados son reemplazados por MUFAs en la dieta producen una disminucin de la presin arterial en hombre y mujeres [Pharmacol. Res. 2007; 55: 175186] .
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Aceite de Oliva
1. cido oleico (18:1 W-9)
suprime la sobre expresin de HER2 (erbB-2), un oncogene
que juega un rol crucial en la etiologa, invasin, progresin y metstasis de varios cnceres que afectan a los seres humanos. [Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006; 7(6):495-502.]
2.
Oleocanthal un tirosol ester, es un compuesto presente en el aceite de oliva que presenta

actividad antiinamatoria similar a Ibuprofeno (NSAID), a travs de la inhibicin de la enzimas ciclooxigenasas (COX )1 y 2. [Nature 2005;437:45-46.]
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cidos grasos omega-3 y 6
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OMEGAS
Correspondence to: J N Din jehangirdin@ hotmail.com

BMJ 2004;328:305
concerns have been increasing about environmental contamination of certain fish. This article reviews the current evidence regarding fish oils and cardiovascular disease, their possible mechanism of action, and potential future developments and research strategies.
PROPIEDADES SALUDABLES
U t d h
Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed for relevant articles by using the key words fish, fish oils, omega 3 fatty acids, and
F c r v
La asociacin entre W-3 y enfermedades cardiovascular fue establecida por las observaciones realizadas al pueblo Inuit de Groenlandia, quienes a pesar de consumir una dieta rica en grasas presentaban una baja mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares En 1970 los investigadores Daneses Bang y Dyerberg propusieron que esta baja mortalidad se poda deber al contenido de W-3 en la dieta Inuit*
ca sea
Th car ob fro in Dy hig wh

Fig 1 Greenland Inuit gutting a seal in the early 1900s. Their diet consisted largely of fish, whale, seal, and walrus, resulting in a high intake of omega 3 fatty acids. Copyright Arctic Institute, used with permission from Leif Vanggaard, Arctic Institute
* BMJ 2004;328;30-35
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OMEGAS
PROPIEDADES SALUDABLES
Dentro de las actividades generales descritas para los W-3 estn: antiarritmica, antitrombtica, antiateroesclerotica, anti-inamatoria e hipotensora. Adems se ha indicado que mejoran la actividad endotelial y disminuyen los TAG. La ingesta de W-3 esta inversamente relacionada a los marcadores de inamacin como la protena C reactiva, IL-6, selectina E, etc. Por lo tanto tendra una actividad beneciosa directa sobre el proceso inamatorio de la aterognesis. Numerosos estudios observacionales han concluido que el consumo de W-3 es inversamente proporcional al riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares y muerte por ellas, sin embargo la ultima revisin sistemtica publicado por Cochrane library* concluy que no hay una evidencia clara sobre el efecto de los W-3 sobre la mortalidad combinada por enfermedades cardiovasculares o cncer.
* BMJ 2006;332;752-760
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cardiomyocytes from newborn rats.16 However, studies are necessary to show a direct antiarrhythmic effect in
Inflammation has a central role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Omega 3
Table 1 Effect of marine derived omega 3 fatty acids on death from coronary heart disease in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction
Intervention events (%) 7.7* Control events (%) 11.4 Absolute risk reduction (%) 3.7 Relative risk reduction (%) 32.5 No needed to treat 27
Study Diet and reinfarction trial10
Design Randomised, controlled, two year follow up, 2033 men after myocardial infarction Randomised double-blind placebo controlled, one year follow up, 360 patients after myocardial infarction Randomised, controlled, 3.5 year follow up, 11 324 patients after myocardial infarction Randomised double-blind placebo controlled, 1.5 year follow up, 300 patients after myocardial infarction
Intervention Fish meal twice weekly or fish oil capsules if unable to tolerate fish (1.5 g/d) Fish oil (EPA+DHA 1.8 g/d) or mustard seed oil (ALA 2.9 g/d)
Comments Before routine use of secondary prevention treatment such as aspirin, blockers, statins Small size, high mortality, may not be applicable to Western populations
Indian experiment of infarct survival12
11.4*
22
10.6
48.2
10
GISSI-Prevenzione trial, Italy11
Fish oil (EPA+DHA 0.85 g/d)
4.8**
6.8
29.7
50
Not blinded, no placebo
Nilsen et al13
Fish oil (EPA+DHA 3.5 g/d)
5.3
5.3
Small size, reasonable intake of fish among general population
*P<0.01 between control and intervention groups. **P=0.024 between control and intervention groups. EPA=eicosapentanoic acid, DHA=docosahexanoic acid, ALA= linolenic acid.
BMJ VOLUME 328
3 JANUARY 2004
bmj.com
* BMJ 2004;328;30-35
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Martin Rossmeisl1 , Tomas Jelenik 1 , Zuzana Jilkova1 , Kristyna Slamova 1 , Vladimir Kus 1 , Michal Hensler 1 , Dasa Medrikova 1 , Ctibor Povysil 2 , Pavel Flachs1 , Vidya Mohamed-Ali3 , Morten Bryhn4 , Kjetil Berge4 , Anne K. Holmeide4 and Jan Kopecky 1
Department of Adipose Tissue Biology and Center for Applied Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Intervention and Prevention 2 Institute of Pathology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 3 Adipokines Obesity (2009) 17 5, 10231031. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.602 and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK 4 Prevention and Reversal of Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Mice Pronova BioPharma AS, Lysaker, Norway
1
by DHA Derivatives Correspondence: Jan Kopecky ( kopecky@biomed.cas.cz )
1 , Tomas Jelenik 1 , Zuzana Jilkova1 , Kristyna Slamova 1 , Vladimir Kus 1 , Martin Rossmeisl Received 6 June 2008; Accepted 3 October 2008; Published online 15 January 2009. 1 Michal Hensler , Dasa Medrikova 1 , Ctibor Povysil 2 , Pavel Flachs1 , Vidya Mohamed-Ali3 , Morten Bryhn4 , Kjetil Berge4 , Anne K. Holmeide4 and Jan Kopecky 1
1 Department
Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Pathology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 3 Adipokines and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK 4 Pronova BioPharma AS, Lysaker, Norway
of Adipose Tissue Biology and Center for Applied Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert hypolipidemic effects and prevent development of obesity and (insulin resistance in animals fed high-fat diets. We sought to Correspondence: Jan Kopecky kopecky@biomed.cas.cz ) determine the efficacy of -substituted DHA derivatives as lipid-lowering, Received 6 June 2008; Accepted 3 October 2008; Published online 15 January 2009. antiobesity, and antidiabetic agents. C57BL/6 mice were given a corn oilbased highfat (35% weight/weight) diet (cHF), or cHF with 1.5% of lipids replaced with -methyl Abstract DHA ethyl ester (Substance 1), -ethyl DHA ethyl ester (Substance 2), , -di-methyl DHA ethyl ester (Substance 3), or -thioethyl DHA ethyl ester The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and (Substance 4) for 4 months. Plasma markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert hypolipidemic effects and prevent development ofmorphology, obesity and insulin resistance animals fed high-fat We sought to characterized. The cHF tissue lipidin content, and genediets. regulation were determine the efficacy of -substituted DHA derivatives as lipid-lowering, induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, impairment of glucose homeostasis, and adipose antiobesity, and antidiabetic agents. C57BL/6 mice were given a corn oilbased hightissue inflammation. Except 3, all other with substances fat (35% weight/weight) diet (cHF), or for cHF Substance with 1.5% of lipids replaced -methyl prevented weight DHA ethyl ester (Substance2 1), -ethyl DHA ethyl ester (Substance 2), , -di-methyl gain and Substance exerted the strongest effect (63% of cHF-controls). Glucose DHA ethyl ester (Substance 3), or -thioethyl DHA ethyl ester of (Substance 4) both for 4 Substance 1 and intolerance was significantly prevented (~67% cHF) by 34 months. Plasma markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, Substance 2. Moreover, 2 lowered fasting glycemia, morphology, tissue lipid content,Substance and gene regulation were characterized. The cHFplasma insulin,
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cidos grasos conjugados
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CLA
Definiciones
cido linoleico conjugado (conjugated linoleic acid, CLA) son un grupo de moleculas grasas poliinsaturadas que qumicamente son diasteroisomeros del cido octadecadienoico Los isomeros cis y trans estan ubicados principalmente en las posiciones 8 y 10, 9 y 11, 10 y 12 y 11 y 13.
790 A. Bhattacharya et al. / Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 17 (2006) 789 810
Fig. 1. Structures of parent LA, c9t11 and t10c12 CLA.
c9t11 and t10c12 isomers. With the advent of technology, enriched or purified c9t11 and t10c12 CLA preparations have*Figura become commercially available in 17 recent from Journal of nutritional biochemistry (2006)years, 789-810 leading to studies examining the effects of these individual Monday, March 2011 isomers in 28, health-related disorders. Most of the studies have
(47% c9t11+47.9% t10c12) decreased weight gain and fat mass, whereas dietary intake of CLA containing 91% c9t11 had no effect on these parameters, proving that t10c12 is the isomer responsible for loss of fat mass [20]. In vitro studies using purified c9t11 and t10c12 isomers and cultured 3T3-
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CLA
Definiciones
CLA tienen como fuente natural los alimento provenientes de rumiantes como carnes y leche CLA es producido en bacteria presentes en el rumen que biohidrogenan al cido linoleico CLA fue descubierto por accidente por el Dr. Pariza en 1985* cuando investigaba compuestos carcinogenicos presentes en carne asada y contrariamente encontraron cidos grasos anticarcinogenicos
* Carcinogenesis 1985;6:591-593
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CLA
Efectos beneficiosos
562 K.W.J. Wahle et al. / Progress in Lipid Research 43 (2004) 553587 Table 1 Reported health benecial eects of conjugated linoleic acids Reported health benets/anti-disease eects of CLAs Anti-cancer Inhibited tumour growth/metastasis animals Inhibited cancer cell proliferation cells Inhibited angiogenesis animals Reduced plaque formation animals Reduced adhesion molecule expression cells Inhibited cytokine formation animals Inhibited angiogenesis animals Reduced fat deposition animals/man Reduced diabetes animals Inhibition inammatory cytokine production animals/man Enhanced antibody formation animals/man
Anti-atherosclerosis
Anti-obesity Modulation of immunity
microvascular disease, including coronary heart disease, retinopathies and gangrene is enormous. Central to this disease is obesity and modest lifestyle changes resulting in a small reduction in body weight (ca. 7%) is associated with a signicant reduction in the risk of developing diabetes in people at known risk (diabetes prevention programme). Recent observations indicating that adipose tissue produces inammatory cytokines as well as hormones like leptin and adiponectin involved regulation energy metabolism suggest *Progress in Lipid in Research 43 (2004)of 553587 38 that adipose tissue plays an important role in normal and aberrant energy homeostasis [52,53]. The increased inammatory cytokine formation Monday, March 28, 2011
1.2.1 Contents in food CLA

The main dietary sources of CLA in human diet are products of animal origin. CLA Contenido en alimentos contents of various normally consumed foods are presented in table 1. Table 1 CLA contents in foods, g/100 g of total fatty acids (GNDIG, 1996) CLA content Butter Milk Beef Lamb Fish 0.63-2.02 0.46-1.78 0.67-0.99 1.62-2.02 0.04-0.28 Yogurt Cheese Pork Turkey Plant Oils CLA content 0.43-1.12 0.50-1.70 0.15 0.96 n.d.
Among the different meat products, meat from ruminants shows higher contents of CLA than meat of nonruminant origin. Highest CLA amounts were found in lamb (BANNI et al., 1996). For seafood and poultry, except for turkey, only small CLA contents were reported (CHIN et al., 1992). Dairy products contained higher CLA amounts than other animal products, where the CLA content varied over a wide range. CLA contents up to 30.0mg/g fat were reported (O'SHEA et al., 1998). A recent
*PhD these of Dr. Silke Gndig
study by LAVILLONIRE et al. (1998) revealed variations of the CLA content in cheeses
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Mercado
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Visin global comercial*
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Alimentos funcionales en el mundo
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Alimentos funcionales en el mundo
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Ejemplos Chilenos
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Investigacin
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DE LA MEZCLA A LA OBTENCION!
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Investigacin actual en Chile
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Investigacin en Chile
Consejo Nacional de Innovacin
!Sr(a). Mario Aranda ! Comunicamos a usted que ha sido invitado a participar del estudio: Nombre Plataformas cientco-tecnolgicas emergentes para el sector Alimentos Funcionales Objetivo Identicar y priorizar las lneas de investigacin y tecnologas relevantes para a superacin de los desafos del sector alimentos funcionales N Ronda 1 Fecha Cierre Ronda 10/09/2009
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''Obtencin de Nutracuticos desde uva para la elaboracin de productos funcionales''. Innova Bo-Bo (2008-2010).
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FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Depto. Bromatologa, Nutricin y Diettica Laboratorios de estudios avanzados en frmacos y alimentos
Proyecto FONDECYT: Global evaluation of deleterious compounds in Chilean wines 2 proyectos sobre aditivos funcionales presentados. 1 proyecto sobre seleccin clonal en preparacin. 1 proyecto para la obtencin de un nutracutico de origen vegetal
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Muchas gracias por su atencin!
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIN FACULTAD DE FARMACIA

http://www.casamerica.es/otras-miradas/impacto-visual/fernando-botero Monday, March 28, 2011

*http://www.inta.cl/Consumidor/tripticos/funcionales/index.asp?offset=1 **Alimentos Funcionales. FECYT. ISBN 84-689-4204-9

ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES Origen-Japn

1980 nacen 3 programas de investigacin, uno alimentos funcionales.

de ellos sobre el desarrollo de

dietaria y minerales fenlicos y derivados

Dietary (functional and total) Fiber

Sugar alcohols**Xylitol, Sorbitol, Mannitol, Lactitol

Source: International Food Information Council Foundation

Monday, March 28, 2011

Vegetales Fibras Aceite Oliva Pescados W3W6 cido linoleico conjugado

Enfermedades crnicas no transmisibles

A votre sant : now in pill form? RESVERATROL

*FOOD CHEMISTRY 101 (2007): 449-457

* nature 444 (2006): 337-342 ** nature 450 (2007): 712-716

* nature 444 (2006): 337-342

Latency to fall from rotarod (s)

Latency to fall from rotarod (s) Proportion surviving

Proportion Bodysurviving weight (g)

izing that the comparison of changes induced by these two paradigms

Glucose (mg dl1)

400 300 200 100 0 0

300 200 100 0 SD HC HCR

200 150 100 50 0

C on 50 tro 0 l DM M A 12 SO IC AR .5 25 M r 50 M r esv M esv . re . sv . AMPK phosphorylation in liver (p-AMPK/total)

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 SD

PGC-1 acetylation (Ac-Lys/total)

1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

p-ACC AMPK Tubulin

Monday, March 28, 2011 ublishing Group

2006 Nature Publishing Group

* nature 444 (2006): 337-342

LIGNINA (polimero estructuralmente compuesto por fenilpropanoles + carbohidratos)

INULINA (Polmeros compuesto prinicipalmente por fructosa ["(2#1)glicosdicos)]

Monday, March 28, 2011

suprime la sobre expresin de HER2 (erbB-2), un oncogene

Oleocanthal un tirosol ester, es un compuesto presente en el aceite de oliva que presenta

cidos grasos omega-3 y 6

Correspondence to: J N Din jehangirdin@ hotmail.com

Sources and selection criteria

Th car ob fro in Dy hig wh

Monday, March 28, 2011

Study Diet and reinfarction trial10

Indian experiment of infarct survival12

GISSI-Prevenzione trial, Italy11

Fish oil (EPA+DHA 0.85 g/d)

Not blinded, no placebo

Fish oil (EPA+DHA 3.5 g/d)

Small size, reasonable intake of fish among general population

BMJ VOLUME 328

by DHA Derivatives Correspondence: Jan Kopecky ( kopecky@biomed.cas.cz )

Monday, March 28, 2011

cidos grasos conjugados

Fig. 1. Structures of parent LA, c9t11 and t10c12 CLA.

Anti-obesity Modulation of immunity

1.2.1 Contents in food CLA

Investigacin actual en Chile

Muchas gracias por su atencin!

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Anti-obesity Modulation of immunity