Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users

CHAPTER 1: DATABASES AND DATABASE USERS

Answers to Selected Exercises 1.8 - Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to the database shown in Figure 1 ! Answer: "a# "$uery# %ist the names of all students ma&oring in Computer 'cience "b# "$uery# (hat are the prerequisites of the Database course) "c# "$uery# *etrie+e the transcript of 'mith ,his is a list of -Course.ame/ 'ectionIdentifier/ 'emester/ 0ear/ 1rade2 for each course section that 'mith has completed "d# "Update# Insert a new student in the database whose .ame34ac5son/ 'tudent.umber3!6/ Class31 "freshman#/ and 7a&or378,9 "e# "Update# Change the grade that 'mith recei+ed in Intro to Computer 'cience section 11: to ; 1.9 - (hat is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled redundancy) Answer: *edundancy is when the same fact is stored multiple times in se+eral places in a database For example/ in Figure 1 <"a# the fact that the name of the student with 'tudent.umber3= is ;rown is stored multiple times *edundancy is controlled when the D;7' ensures that multiple copies of the same data are consistent> for example/ if a new record with 'tudent.umber3= is stored in the database of Figure 1 <"a#/ the D;7' will ensure that 'tudent.ame3'mith in that record If the D;7' has no control o+er this/ we ha+e uncontrolled redundancy 1.10 - 'pecify all the relationships among the records of the database shown in Figure 1 ! Answer: "a# ?ach '?C,I@. record is related to a C@U*'? record "b# ?ach 1*8D?A*?B@*, record is related to one ',UD?., record and one '?C,I@. record "c# ?ach B*?*?$UI'I,? record relates two C@U*'? records: one in the role of a course and the other in the role of a prerequisite to that course 1.11 - 1i+e some additional +iews that may be needed by other user groups for the database shown in Figure 1 !

Answer: "a# 8 +iew that groups all the students who too5 each section and gi+es each studentCs grade ,his may be useful for printing the grade report for each section for the

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users

uni+ersity administrationCs use "b# 8 +iew that gi+es the number of courses ta5en and the 1B8 "grade point a+erage# for each student ,his may be used to determine honors students 1.1 D Cite some examples of integrity constraints that you thin5 can apply to the database shown in Figure 1 ! Answer: (e gi+e a few constraints expressed in ?nglish Following each constraint/ we gi+e its type in the relational database terminology that will be co+ered in Chapter E/ for reference purposes "a# ,he 'tudent.umber should be unique for each ',UD?., record "5ey constraint# "b# ,he Course.umber should be unique for each C@U*'? record "5ey constraint# "c# 8 +alue of Course.umber in a '?C,I@. record must also exist in some C@U*'? record "referential integrity constraint# "d# 8 +alue of 'tudent.umber in a 1*8D?A*?B@*, record must also exist in some ',UD?., record "referential integrity constraint# "e# ,he +alue of 1rade in a 1*8D?A*?B@*, record must be one of the +alues in the set F8/ ;/ C/ D/ F/ I/ U/ 'G "domain constraint# "f# ?+ery record in C@U*'? must ha+e a +alue for Course.umber "entity integrity constraint# "g# 8 ',UD?., record cannot ha+e a +alue of Class3! "sophomore# unless the student has completed a number of sections whose total course Credit9ours is greater that !H credits "general semantic integrity constraint# 1.1! - 1i+e examples of systems in which it may ma5e sense to use traditional file processing instead of a database approach Answer: 1 'mall internal utility to locate files ! 'mall single user application that does not require security "such as a customiIed calculator or a personal address and phone boo5# 6 *eal-time na+igation system "with hea+y computation and +ery little data# H ,he students may thin5 of others 1.1" - Consider Figure 1 ! a If the name of the JC'K "Computer 'cience# Department changes to JC''?K "Computer 'cience and 'oftware ?ngineering# Department and the corresponding prefix for the course number also changes/ identify the columns in the database that would need to be updated b Can you restructure the columns in C@U*'?/ '?C,I@./ and B*?*?$UI'I,? tables so that only one column will need to be updated)

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.

Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users

Answer: a ,he following columns will need to be updated ,able Column"s# ',UD?., 7a&or C@U*'? Course.umber and Department '?C,I@. Course.umber B*?*?$UI'I,? Course.umber and Brerequisite.umber b 0ou should split the following columns into two columns: ,able Column 'plit Columns C@U*'? Course.umber CourseDept and Course.um '?C,I@. Course.umber CourseDept and Course.um B*?*?$UI'I,? Course.umber CourseDept and Course.um B*?*?$UI'I,? Brerequisite.umber Bre*eqDept and Bre*eq.um .ote that in the C@U*'? table/ the column CourseDept will not be needed after the abo+e change/ since it is redundant with the Department column

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.