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Zuudee Oil & Gas is a global leader in the supply of specialty metals products to the oil and gas industry. Our products enable the industry to meet the ever increasing design requirements of todays rigorous exploration and production activities including down-hole completion tools, wellhead products, and MWD/LWD to name a few. All-round-Service Zuudee offers its customers an all-round-service from the selection of the right materials to the dispatch of piping components ready for use. For many projects all over the world Zuudee has proved a reliable partner owing to deliveries on time. Please let us assist you with your projects.
alloy INCONEL 725 alloy INCONEL X-750 INCONEL C-276 INCONEL G-3 INCONEL 22
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INCONEL 625LCF
Petrochemical Processing The INCOLOY and INCONEL high-temperature corrosion-resistant alloys are used for vessels, reactors, heat-exchangers, pyrolysis tubing, pigtails, headers and transfer piping. In this largely continuous process industry, the predictably reliable performance of these alloys is a major benefit to plant designers and operators. Suggested alloys for petrochemical processing applications: MONEL alloy 400 INCONEL alloy 600 INCONEL alloy 601 INCONEL alloy 601GC INCONEL alloy 617 INCONEL alloy 625 INCONEL alloy 625LCF INCONEL alloy 690 INCONEL alloy 693 INCOLOY alloy 800H/800HT INCOLOY alloy 803 INCOLOY alloy 825 INCOLOY alloy 890
stack.
Above The critical outer portion of the Gullfaks A flare boom is made of INCONEL alloy 625.
Above. Submarine oil hose for connection from supertankers to on-shore tank farms in Saudi Arabia. Connections are secured with MONEL alloy 400 nuts and bolts.
Selection of materials for downhole service in a sour well is governed by a complex set of factors. Operating temperatures can be as high as 800C (1470F). The hot gas is corrosive, and the marine atmosphere presents its own aggressive problems. High-temperature strength, corrosion-resistance, www.Zuudee.com
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ease of fabrication and readily available welding products to match the base materials are all important considerations. As in materials selection for any application, the goal is to use a material that performs successfully while providing optimum economy. The material must provide the required physical and mechanical properties while resisting the particular environment of the well involved. And, expected changes in the well environment over time, such as increased chloride level, must also be considered. Other important environmental factors to consider are dissolved acid gases (CO2 and H2S) in the liquid phase, chloride ions from salt or brine, temperature, and pressure. In some formations, the presence of elemental sulfur is a further factor. The level of dissolved gases depends on the partial pressure of each gas above the liquid phase and on the temperature. Bottom-hole pressure normally increases with depth, and bottom-hole temperatures can be 500F (260C) or more in deep wells. Materials for downhole tubulars and other components for oil and gas production span a wide range of grades and compositions. As corrosion-resistance increases, so too does the complexity of the material, from plain carbon steel to martensitic stainless steel (e.g., 13% chromium steel), duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel (e.g., 22% chromium/5% nickel), fully austenitic stainless steel (e.g., 28% chromium/32% nickel), and nickel alloys of various compositions. In nickel alloys used for oil-country tubular goods, the levels of nickel, chromium and molybdenum act as primary determinants of corrosion-resistance. Relatively small amounts of other elements including copper, niobium, tungsten, aluminum and titanium may have significant effects on corrosion-resistance or strength(See below image).
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Zuudee manufactures oil-country tubular goods (OCTG) that withstand the most severe conditions in oil and gas fields around the world. These highly alloyed materials permit safe, economical production from reservoirs with extremes of temperature, pressure, and H2S content. INCONEL alloys C-276, G-3 and 050, and INCOLOY alloys 825 and 028 are most often chosen for the optimum combination of corrosion-resistance and economy. These alloys, along with a wide selection of other corrosion-resistant materials, are available in a variety of different forms for downhole accessories and surface equipment. Plain-end tubulars and coupling stock are produced in diameters, wall thicknesses and yield strengths for most tubing and casing requirements.
Above. A selection of valve components for offshore service, weld-overlaid with inconel alloy 625.This use of corrosion-resistant alloy overlays on steel components offers a cost-effective alternative to solid alloy construction.
INCOLOY alloy 825, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with additions of 2.2% copper and 3.0% molybdenum,resists oxidizing and reducing acids, chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking, pitting and intergranular corrosion. The molybdenum addition is especially effective in increasing an alloys resistance to sour well environments. INCOLOY alloy 825 is a solid- solution alloy (not strengthened by heat treatment) that can be strengthened by cold work to minimum yield strengths (0.2% offset) up to 125,000 psi (862 MPa). INCOLOY alloy 825 could be considered for service in well environments where stainless steels would be susceptible to chloride stress cracking, pitting, or crevice corrosion. Depending on specific strength
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level and temperature, the alloy has been shown to be resistant to stress-corrosion cracking at H2S partial pressures up to about 1000 psi (7 MPa). The usual maximum service temperature is about 350F (175 C). INCONEL alloy G-3, a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with additions of 2.0% copper and 7.0% molybdenum, is similar to INCOLOY alloy 825 in nickel and chromium contents, but has approximately double the molybdenum. INCONEL alloy G-3 is a solid-solution alloy that can be cold worked to minimum yield strengths (0.2% offset) up to 130,000 psi (900 MPa). With its higher molybdenum, INCONEL alloy G-3 offers greater resistance to sour environments than incoloy alloy 825. INCONEL alloy C-276, a nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy with additions of iron (6%) and tungsten (4%), is used in the most severe sour well environments including those having free sulfur. Its molybdenum content of 16% is the highest commercially available in oil-country tubular goods, offering the maximum resistance to environments containing H2S. The solid-solution alloy can be cold worked to high strength levels and is available with minimum yield strength (0.2% offset) of 150,000 psi (1034 MPa). Depending on the combination of specific yield strength, temperature, and free-sulfur presence, lNCONEL alloy C-276 is resistant to cracking at H2S partial pressures up to about 10,000 psi (70 MPa). The alloy has shown resistance to sour environments at temperatures up to 500F (260C).
The many different downhole components - hangers, valves, pumps, packers, wirelines, mandrels, screens, landing nipples, etc - needed to complete and produce a well face the same environment as the tubing string. Although some components may be under lower stress or have less critical functions, all downhole hardware in a sour well must have adequate resistance to the environment. The same alloys used for tubulars are also used for other downhole components. In many cases, however, a different alloy is more appropriate for reasons of specialized properties, economy, or ease of fabrication.
Below left. An Indair flare at the works of the fabricator, F. Atkinson Ltd., Nottingham, England. The tulip is made of INCOLOY alloy 800HT, mounted above a cone of INCOLOY alloy DS.
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About right. Fasteners of various nickel alloys provide strength and corrosion-resistance in critical oil-field connections.
Below. MONEL alloys 400, R-405 and K-500 are standard materials for valves, valve actuators and pumps in oil field and processing applications.
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INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO was used to fabricate this desalination unit for an offshore platform. The unit was fabricated by KGD Industrial Services Ltd. (Hereford, England) for Alfa Laval Desalt (Copenhagen, Denmark) Left. A single point mooring buoy where the mating surfaces of the universal joint are overlaid with INCONEL alloy 625 for resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion.
Above. An onshore terminal where LPG is compressed and cooled from 133 to 26C in batteries of air-cooled INCOLOY alloy 825 heat exchangers set 25 meters high in piperacks where wind speeds can exceed 120 mph.
For example, high strength is obtained in tubulars by cold working, but parts of heavy or non-uniform cross section cannot be strengthened by cold working. Such components need to be made of an alloy that can be strengthened by a precipitation hardening (age hardening) heat treatment. Zuudee markets the broadest range of corrosion-resistant alloys in the industry. All are produced to the high standards of quality and performance applied to CRA tubing and casing, and are manufactured in a full range of standard mill forms including pipe, tubing, rounds, flats, hexagons, wire, plate, sheet, strip, and forging stock. From this extensive product line the best alloy can be selected in the required form for virtually any downhole or wellhead component. www.Zuudee.com
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MONEL alloy 400, a solid-solution nickel-copper alloy with moderate strength and high corrosion- resistance, is especially resistant to sea water and brines. MONEL alloy R-405 is a free-machining version of MONEL alloy 400. MONEL alloy K-500 is a high-strength, age-hardenable version of MONEL alloy 400. INCONEL alloy 600 is a solid-solution nickel- chromium alloy with good strength and resistance to general corrosion in a variety of environments. INCONEL alloy 625, a solid solution Ni-chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy, has high strength and outstanding resistance to general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking. INCONEL alloy 718, an age-hardenable nickel-chromium-iron alloy containing significant amounts of niobium, molybdenum, titanium, and aluminum, combines good corrosion-resistance with extremely high strength. INCONEL alloy 725, an age-hardenable Ni-chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy, combines the excellent corrosion-resistance of INCONEL alloy 625, including resistance to the effects of H2S, with high strength obtained by heat treatment instead of cold work.