Forces in Equilibrium The principle of the forces in equilibrium states, When forces act upon an object , the object

t is said to be in a state of equilibrium when the resulting force acting on the object is zero ( no net force acting upon it) When the equilibrium is reached, then the object is in two states, that is (i) remains stationary (if the object is stationary) (ii) moves at a constant velocity ( if the object is moving) Based on , F = ma atau a = F m When the equilibrium of forces is achieved, then, F = 0 , hence a =0 Thus a = 0 , it means the object remains stationary or moves at a constant velocity. e!ton"s Third #a! of $otion ewton!s third law of motion states , "o every action there is an equal but opposite direction E%amples Forces in Equilibrium (a)

Wei&ht = ormal reaction (b)

Wei&ht = Tension (c)

Buoyant force = Wei&ht

(d)

Wei&ht = ormal reaction (e)

Wei&ht = ormal reaction 'ullin& force = Frictional force (f)

Wei&ht = #iftin& force (rivin& force = (ra&&in& force (g)

Wei&ht = ormal reaction En&ine thrust = )ir resistance * Frictional force

(h)

Buoyant force = Wei&ht of load * Wei&ht of helium &as T!o Forces in Equilibrium

' * +=0 We can re!ritten into ' = , + Example 1 #igure shows a stationary wooden bloc$ of mass % $g resting on a table&

'alculate (a) the weight of the wooden bloc$ (b) the normal reaction Solution

Three Forces in Equilibrium

' * + *-=0 When three forces in equilibrium the triangle of forces in one direction (in order) ()ample % "he following figure shows a steel sphere of mass *% $g suspended from a length of rope which is pulled to the side by a horizontal force of +& "he tension of another rope is &

(a) (b)

,raw a triangle of forces& 'alculate the value of (i) + (ii)

Solution

-esultant force #orce is a vector quantity and hence it has magnitude and direction& "wo or more forces which act on an object can be combined into a single force called the resultant force& -f two forces are in same line, vector addition is easy& We simply add the forces if both pull or push together. subtract them if one is in the opposite direction& -f they are at an angle, the resultant force can be determined by the triangle method and the parallelogram method&

Parallelogram method :

-n this method the tail of the first vector is joined to the tail of second vector and then draw a parallelogram& "he diagonal represents the resultant force& Triangle method:

-n this method the tip of the first vector is joined to the tail of second vector and then draw a line to complete the triangle& "he third side represents the resultant force& Example 3 #ind the resultant force for the following figure/0

Solution:

Example 4

"he figure shows a trolley is pulled by two forces What is the magnitude and the direction of the resultant force acting on the trolley& Solution

Example 5 #igure shows a boat is pulled by two forces& 'alculate the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the trolley&

Solution:

-esolution of forces 1 force can be resolved into two components, that is, (i) the horizontal component, #) and (ii) the vertical component , #y

F% = F cos q Fy = F sin q 2 2 q is an angle between the force # to the horizontal line the sign of the force depend on the quadrant where the force , # is placed

#or an object on a inclined plane, the weight,W of the object can be resolved into two components . (i) parallel to inclined plane, 1 (ii) perpendicular to inclined plane,3

) = W sin q B = W .os q

Example 6 #ind the values of 4) and 4y for the following figures&

Solution:

Example 7

#igure shows a stationary wooden bloc$ of mass 56 g which is placed on a inclined plane that is at an angle of 76 o to the horizontal& What is the magnitude of the weight parallel to the inclined plane& /olution0