End of Congruence, Beginning of Measurement

10/28/09

Proposition 3.13 (ASA) given ∆ ABC and ∆ DEF with ∡A≅ ∡ D, ∡B ≅ ∡E, and AB ≅ ED, then
∆ABC ≅ ∆ DEF.

�����⃗ , so that AF’ ≅ DF. ∆ ABF’ ≅ ∆ DEF.

Proof by Emma: Assume BC ≇ EF. By C-1 make F’ on 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
By C-5 we know∡ ABF’ ≅ ∡DEF ≅ ∡ ABC. ByC -4 ������⃗ �����⃗ . By proposition 1.2 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵′ = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ⃖����⃗
intersects ⃖����⃗ ⃖����⃗ intersects at both F’ and C so F’ = C.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 at one point. 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

Proposition 3.14 State and prove converse of Proposition 3.2 (If in ∆ ABC, we have ∡ B and
∡ C, then AB ≅ AC.

Proof by Marci: Wants to draw an angle bisector ∡ of BAC. We then realize we need to
define converse, inverse, and contra positive in order to prove converse.

Statement: if p then q

Converse: if q then p

Inverse: if not p then not q

Contra positive: if not q then not p

So now our statement is AC ≅ AB. We cannot use the angle bisector according to Emina, so
Marci got help from Lisa who suggested we use ASA. BC ≅ BC , ∡ B ≅ ∡ C, ∡ C ≅ ∡ B. So
∆ABC ≅ ∆ACB. AC ≅ AB by congruent triangles which is definition 3.1

We do not prove Proposition 3.15, Proposition 3.16, Definition 3.17, and Proposition 3.18.

Proposition 3.19 (SSS) if for ∆ABC and ∆DEF we have AB ≅ DE, BC ≅ EF, and AC ≅ DF, then
∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF.

Emina wants to know how we will go about proving this proposition. Dave says he wants
to use angles. So we give it a try. ∆DEF ∃ ray EX. ∃! X on the same side of line ED as F such
that ∡ ABC ≅ ∡ DEX. EX ≅ BC. ⇒(SAS) ∆DEX ≅ ∆ABC. AC ≅ DX. AC ≅ DF also DX ≅ DF.
We get this far and get stuck so Emina asks us to think about this proposition.

Proposition 3.20 we will not prove either.

We are done with Congruence!!!!!

Next we talked about Elementary continuity principle which states if one endpoint of a
segment is inside a circle and the other outside then the segment intersects the circle. (See
picture in notes in documents on wiki spaces.)

Then we talked about the circular continuity principle which states if a circle c has one
point inside and one point outside another circle c’ then the two circles intersect in two
points. (See picture in notes in documents on wiki spaces.)

We then talked about measurement. Emina asked us about some of the questions we had
on Lab 3. We start with a segment AB then add a segment BC which is the same length as
segment AB. Then add another segment which you name CD this is also the same length as
segment AB. What you ultimately have is multiples of segment AB. This is a number line.
1
To get the numbers in the middle you take the midpoint then you can make 2𝑛𝑛 AB. (See
picture in notes in documents on wiki spaces.)

Archimedes’s Axiom: If CD is any segment, A any point and r any ray with vertex A, then for
every point B≠ A on r there is a number n such that when CD is laid off n times on r starting
from A, a point E is reached such that n •CD≅ AE and either B=E or B is between A and E.
(See picture in notes in d₁₂ocuments on wiki spaces.)

Given segment OI called unit segment there is a unique way of assigning a length l(AB) to
each segment AB so the following holds…

1. l(AB) is a positive real number and l(OI)=1.

2. l(AB)=l(CD) iff AB ≅ CD.
3. A*B*C iff l(AC)= l(AB)+ l(BC).
4. l(AB)< l(CD) iff AB‹<CD.
5. For every positive real number x there exists a segment AB such that l(AB) =x.

There is a unique way of assigning a degree of measurement to each angle so that the
following holds…

1. m (∠A) is a real number such that 0<m (∠A) <180°.

2. m (∠A) =90° iff ∠A is a right angle.
3. m (∠A) = m (∠B) iff ∠ A ≅ ∠ B.
4. If C is in the interior of ∠DAB then m(∠DAB)= m(∠DAC) + m(∠CAB).
5. For every real number x between 0 and180 there is an angle ∠ A such that
m(∠A)=x°.
6. If ∠B is supplementary to ∠ A, then m(∠A)+ m(∠B) =180°.
7. m(∠A)> m(∠B) iff ∠ A> ∠B.

Dedekind’s Axiom:
 1. Suppose the set {l} of all point on a line l is a disjoint union S₁∪S₂ of two nonempty
subsets so that no point of either subset is between two points of the other. Then
there exists a unique point O on l such that one of the subsets is equal to a ray of l
with vertex O and the other is equal to the rays complement.
2. S₁ and S₂ are called Dedekind’s Cut of the line l.

This is the converse of line separation continuity principle. LSP: A*B*C and P on line AC
then either P∊ ray BC or P∊ ray BA.

We finished class by going back to the proof of Proposition 3.19(SSS). We had a picture of a
triangle with ray EX and ray EF having an isosceles triangle between them. ∆EFX. We
didn’t get much farther than that. You still need to think about it.