Chapter 6 Telecommunications And Networks Learning Objectives Identif several major developments and trends in the industries!

! technologies and business applications of telecommunications and Internet technologies" #rovide e$amples of the business value of Internet! intranet! and e$tranet applications" Identif the basic components! functions! and t pes of telecommunications networks used in business" %$plain the functions of major t pes of telecommunications network hardware! software! media! and services" &h 'tud Networking( &hen computers are networked! two industries ) computing and ommunications ) converge! and the result is vastl more than the sum of the parts" 'uddenl ! computing applications become available for business*to* business coordination and commerce! and for small as well as large organi+ations" Case ,-. &ireless /usiness Applications Business Value of Wireless: Time is mone " #ocket #Cs help reduce travel time at Celanese Chemicals related to plant e0uipment diagnosis"

1idelit Investments attracts customers b offering services via wireless devices" 23 uses wireless devices to improve forklift operator productivit and cut

costs"

&hat is the business value of wireless technologies in the chemicals and automotive manufacturing industries( &hat other manufacturing applications might benefit from wireless technologies( &h (

&hat are some of the business benefits of wireless technologies in finance and investments( &hat other applications would ou recommend( &h ( Check the website of 1idelit "com to help ou answer"

&hat are some of the business benefits and challenges of using wireless technologies in retailing( &hat are some other applications that might be beneficial to consumers! as well as retailers( &h (

&hat are some of the major challenges limiting the widespread use of wireless technologies in man business applications( &hat can be done to meet such challenges(

Telecommunications 4efinition. The e$change of information in an form 5voice! data! te$t! images! audio! video6 over networks Trends in Telecommunications Open ' stems 4efinition. Information s stems that use common standards for hardware! software! applications! and networking Connectivit 4efinition. The abilit of networked computers and other devices to easil access and communicate with each other and share information 4efinition. The abilit of an open s stem to enable the man different applications of end users to be accomplished using the different varieties of computer s stems! software packages! and databases provided b a variet of interconnected networks

Interoperabilit

4igital Network Technologies 4efinition. 4igital transmission technologies that transmit information in the form of discrete pulses /enefits.

7igher transmission speeds 3ovement of larger amounts of information 2reater econom Lower error rates

Internet 4efinition. A network made up of millions of smaller private networks each with the abilit to operate independent of! or in harmon with! all the other millions of networks connected to the Internet Internet Applications /usiness 8se of the Internet /usiness 9alue of the Internet Intranet 4efinition. A network inside an organi+ation that uses Internet technologies to provide an Internet*like environment within the enterprise for information sharing! communications! collaboration! and the support of business processes

/usiness 9alue of Intranets Communications and Collaboration ) includes email! voicemail! paging! fa$es! and groupware &eb #ublishing ) eas ! attractive and low*cost wa of publishing and accessing multimedia business information /usiness Operations and 3anagement ) platform for developing and deplo ing critical business applications to support business operations and managerial decision making across the inter*networked enterprise %$tranet 4efinition. Network links that use Internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers! suppliers! or other business partners /usiness 9alue of %$tranets Intranets : %$tranets Case ,;. 'erving Citi+ens without &ires MEMA Technologies: 2lobal*positioning satellite communications

Features:

Cellular phones 2eospatial technologies 3icroelectronics technologies

A device to communicate warnings to properl position individuals before an event happens A tool to collect timel information after a disaster hits

Reflection

&hat is the business value of advanced mobile technologies to 3ar land<s emergenc management services( In what other government services could 2#' serve to provide business value( 2ive some e$amples" Are there disadvantages or risks associated with the deplo ment of 2#' s stems to monitor the location of people( %$plain" &hat is the business value of the various applications of 2#' satellite networks be ond those discussed in the case( Check out the websites of satellite services providers like 7ughes Network ' stems 5www"hns"com6 or 2*Com International 5www"g*com"com6 to help ou answer"

Telecommunications Network Components Terminals ) an input=output device that uses telecommunications networks to transmit or receive data Telecommunications #rocessors ) devices that perform control and support functions Telecommunications Channels ) media over which data are transmitted and received Computers ) all si+es and t pes

Telecommunications Control 'oftware ) programs that control telecommunications activities Telecommunications Network Components T pes of Telecommunications Networks &ide Area Network 5&AN6 ) network that covers a large geographic area

Local Area Network 5LAN6 ) network connecting information processing devices within a limited ph sical area 9irtual #rivate Network 59#N6 ) secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network! but relies on network firewalls! encr ption! and other securit features of its Internet and intranet connections and those of participating organi+ations LAN : 9#N T pes of Telecommunications Networks Client='erver ) #Cs and workstations! called clients are interconnected b local area networks and share application processing with network servers

Network Computing ) Thin clients provide a browser*based user interface for processing small application programs #eer*to*#eer ) file*sharing software connects each #C to a central server or to another online user<s #C Client='erver Client='erver : Network Computing #eer*to*#eer #eer*to*#eer Telecommunications 3edia Twisted*#air &ire ) copper wire twisted into pairs

Coa$ial Cable ) sturd copper or aluminum wire wrapped with spacers to insulate and protect it 1iber Optics ) one or more hair*thin filaments of glass fiber wrapped in a protective jacket &ireless Technologies

Terrestrial 3icrowave ) earthbound microwave s stems that transmit high*speed radio signals in a line*of*sight path between rela stations spaced appro$imatel >? miles apart

Communications 'atellites * high*earth orbit communications satellites placed in stationar geos nchronous orbits Cellular and #C' ' stems ) a geographic area divided into cells with one low*power transmitter device per cell used to rela calls from one cell to another

&ireless LANs )high* or low*fre0uenc radio technolog installed in an office or building &ireless &eb ) wireless! &eb*enabled information appliances accessing the Internet! intranets and e$tranets

&ireless Application #rotocol 5&A#6 Telecommunications #rocessors 3odems ) convert digital signals from a computer into analog fre0uencies that can be transmitted over ordinar telephone lines 3ultiple$ers ) allows a single communications channel to carr simultaneous data transmissions from man terminals 3odem Telecommunications Technologies Internetwork #rocessors 'witch ) makes connections between telecommunications circuits in a network

@outer ) intelligent communications processor that interconnects networks based on different protocols 7ub ) a port switching communications processor

2atewa ) connects networks using different communications architectures

Communications #rocessors Network #rocessors Network 3anagement Traffic 3anagement ) manage network resources and traffic to avoid congestion and optimi+e telecommunications service levels to users

'ecurit ) provide authentication! encr ption! firewall! auditing and enforcement Network 3anagement Network 3onitoring ) troubleshoot and watch over the network! informing network administrators of potential problems before the occur

Capacit #lanning ) surve network resources and traffic patterns and users< needs to determine how best to accommodate the needs of the network as it grows and changes Network Topologies 'tar ) ties end user computers to a central computer

@ing ) ties local computer processors together in a ring on a relativel e0ual basis

/us ) local processors share the same communications channel Network Topologies Network Topologies Network Architectures : #rotocols #rotocol ) standard set of rules and procedures for the control of communications in a network
Network Architecture ) the use of standard protocols! standard communications hardware and software interfaces and the design of a standard multilevel interface between end users and computer s stems with the goal of promoting an open! simple! fle$ible! and efficient telecommunications environment O'I : TC#=I# 3odels Open ' stems Interconnection 5O'I6 * model is a seven*la er model that serves as a standard model for network architectures

Transmission Control #rotocol = Internet #rotocol 5TC#=I#6 ) is a five la er telecommunications protocol used b the Internet

O'I : TC#=I# 3odels I# Address /andwidth 4efinition. Classification of communications speed and capacit of telecommunications networks Transmission @ates. Narrow*band ) low*speed /roadband ) high*speed Transmission 'peeds 'witching Alternatives Circuit 'witching ) a switch opens a circuit to establish a link between a sender and receiverA it remains open until the communication session is completed

3essage 'witching ) a message is transmitted a block at a time from one switching device to another #acket 'witching ) messages are divided into fi$ed or variable length packets! and packets are sent across networks Cell 'witching ) breaks voice! video and other data into fi$ed cells of B> b tes and routes them to their ne$t destination in the network Case ,>. &i*1i Networks Benefits: 'uperfast

Challenges:

Lower cost 7it*or*miss hotspots Lost productivit due to disruptions 3ust create billing s stems 3ust establish technical standards 3ust develop tighter securit measures

Discussions &hat are the business benefits of &i*1i networks(

&hat are some of the problems faced b companies who are using &i*1i networks( &hat are some solutions to those problems( &hat are some other business uses for &i*1i networks not mentioned in this case( &hat are their business benefits and challenges( Case ,C. 9oice Over I#

Services: Combine email with voicemail

Audio*conferencing Collaboration technologies

9ideo Case ,C. 9oice Over I# Benefits: Install one line to carr voice and data

@educed staff training

Improved productivit Case ,C. 9oice Over I# &hat are the main benefits that can be gained b companies that switch to 9oI# s stems(

&hat are some of the major cost factors that ma limit a positive rate of return from investments in 9oI# projects( 'hould more companies switch to 9oI# s stems( 9isit the websites of Ava a and Cisco ' stems to view their 9oI# news! products! and services to help ou answer" 'ummar Organi+ations are becoming networked enterprises that use the Internet! intranets! and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and collaboration within the enterprise! and with their customers! suppliers! and other business partners"

Telecommunications technolog is moving toward open! inter*networked digital networks for voice! data! video and multimedia" 'ummar Open s stems with unrestricted connectivit using Internet technologies are the primar telecommunications technolog drivers in e*business s stems"

Companies are deriving strategic business value from the Internet! which enables them to disseminate information globall ! communicate and trade interactivel with customi+ed information and services for individual customers! and foster collaboration of people and integration of business processes within the enterprise and with business partners" 'ummar /usinesses are installing and e$tending intranets throughout their organi+ations to. Improve communications and collaboration among individuals and teams within the enterprise #ublish and share valuable business information easil ! ine$pensivel ! and effectivel via enterprise information portals

4evelop and deplo critical applications to support business operations and decision making 'ummar The primar role of e$tranets is to link the intranet resources of a compan to the intranets of its customers! suppliers! and other business partners"

The major generic components of an telecommunications network are. Terminals Telecommunications processors Communications channels Computers Telecommunications software Chapter 6 %nd of Chapter