1

Ii
1
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
operoted by
UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION
for the
U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

ORNL - TM - 230 .9)c )
c/y-
COpy NO. - C'
DATE -
StWER-PROMPT-CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF AN UNMODERATED,
UNREFLECTED ALLOY ASSEMBLY
J. T. Mihalczo
Abstract
May 10, 1962
The behavior of the neutron population in an unreflected,
unmoderated cylindrical assembly of a 90 wt% uranium (93.2 wt% ), 10 wt%
molybdenum alloy following a rapid establishment of a super-prompt critical
condi tion with negli.gible initial neutron population has been investigated
to support the design of a reactor capable of producing bursts of 10
17
fis-
sions. Reactivity increases up to 11 cents above prompt critical resulted
in bursts yielding as many as 1.8 x 10
17
fissions with reactor periods as
short as 16 and temperature increases as large as 400
o
C. Pressure
waves generated in a portion of the core held in position by an electro-
magnet for bursts greater than x 10
16
fissions initiated the removal of
this section of the core about 225 after the peak of the burst.
NOTICE
This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared
primarily for internal use at the Oak Ridge Natianal Laboratory, It is subject
to revision or correction and therefore does not represent a final report, The
information is not to be abstracted, reprinted or other wi se gi ven publ ic di s-
semination without the approval of the ORNL patent branch, Legal and Infor-
mation Control Department,
NOTICE--
This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United States t
nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the CO!Tlmission:
A. Mukas any warranty or representation
l
expressed or implied, with ,,,spect to the accuracy,
completeness, or usefulness of the information co;,tained in this report, or thot the use of
ony information, apparatus, method, or ptocess dtil-closed in this report may not inftinge
privately owned rights; or
B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of
any information, opparatus
t
method, or process disclosed in this report.
As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission' includes any employee or
contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee
or contractor of the Commisston, or employee of such contractor preparest dtsseminates, or
provides access to, any information pursuont to his employment or contract with the Commission,
or his employment with such contractcr.
I
..
..
..



2
Introduction
The design of a bare metal reactor intended to produce high-intensity
bursts of neutrons having a near=fission spectrum has been described by
Breidenbach et
1
Similar in principle to the Los Alamos Lady Godiva
and Godiva II bare U
235
reactors, the present design obtains greater
strength and improved physical characteristics through the use of a 90 wt%
uranium 10 wt% molybdenum alloy in its construction
enriched to 93,2 wt% u2
35
.
The uranium is
A previous paper
2
described a series of zero-power experiments wLth
this assembly. Those results included reactivity calibrations of various
parts J fission'4rate distributions, and reacti vi ty effects of reflective
materials near the reactor"
The time behavior of the reactor during super-prompt-critical neutron
bursts of various sizes is described here, All experiments were conducted
indoors at the ORNL Critical Experiments Facility. Reactor periods, burst
shapes, temperature changes, leakage fluxes, and fission yields were mea-
sured. The observed bursts were compared to theoretical predictions
rived from the model given by Wimett et al,3
Description [ Apparatus
The assembly used i.n these experiments is the ORNL Health Physics
Research Reactor (HPRR), It is essentially a 20 by 23-cm-high
cylinder of uranium-molybdenum alloy with a 5-cm-dia steel core, A
detailed drawing of the reactor is shown as
photographs of the final assembly 0
" 1, and Figs., 2 and 3 are
An 8,6"cm-OD annulus, containing 9,4 kg of the total 9606 kg of 1f235
in the reactor, is attached to the lower end of the magnetically supported
steel core and serves as a safety block. A motor drive moves the magnet
L G, Breidenbach et a1., Preliminar;y Design of the ORNL Fast Burst
Reactor , (July 30, 1960)"
2.. JoT, Mihalczo, Reactivi t;x:, Calibrations and Fission-Rate
tions of an i.Jnmoderated, Unreflected, Alloy
Research Reactor, (to be published),
3. T, F" \iimett et a1., Nuclear Sd . and Eng, 8, 691 (1960),



..



PLUGGED HOLE FOR
SAMPLE INSERTION ~
CENTER PLOO
(SS)
THERMOCOUPLES
2
j
3
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 65369
Ov! MASS ADJUST ROD (U-Mo)
I I
~ . ~ . <1
I '.L... A r1BOLTS B BOLT PLUG
l r L t; (U-Mo)
~ : : - { ~ _ . ,t. ,_ .. '
-.. ~ f j,'
f y : ~ -
J
REGULATING ROD
(U-Mo)
.-SAFETY BLOCK
(U-Mo)
1 _---SAFETy TUBE (SS)
r
. 1. ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor.
4
Fig. 2. ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor.




5


t
. 3. ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor.
6
holding the steel core upward to insert the safety block in the reactor.
As it moves upward, it compresses a spring which, when the magnet is
de-energized, ejects the block with an acceleration of 2.28 g,
Two uranium-molybdenum control rods, worth 195 and 83 cents, respec-
tively, are positioned by motors to achieve delayed critical. Neutron
bursts a.re produced by rapid pneumatic insertion of a third rod. Although
the full worth of this rod is $1.15, during the present work a part of
the rod was fixed in core and only the remainder of its length was
used for burst production resulting in a reactivity change of about $1,00,
Burst
The production of a typical burst with a low-power run with
the burst rod partially inserted, during which a. rod configuration was
established which gave the a known amount of positive reactivity_
The level of reactivity was determined by measurement of its associated
stable period. The block was then retracted for about 20 minutes)
allowing the neutron population to decay. With the external neutron
source removed the safety block was then reinserted, increasing the
reactivity to as much as 11 cents above critical, and the burst
rod immediately Hfired" into the core, making the assembly super-prompt
critical. The resulting power excursion was quenched by thermal
sion of the core and the residual plateau power level was terminated
by removel of the safety -block, 'llie thermal shock resulting from bursts
of > r..6 x 1016 fissl.ons separated the steel core from its supporting
magnet, automatically removing the block from the assembly;
however, the acceleration of the safety block was not significantly
greater than that in a normal instrument-actuated scramc
Instrlllnentation
The stable reactor period during the low-power run prior to burst
production was obtained from measurements, made with three BFs propor-
tional counters, of the count rate as a function of time,



..

!

#
'7
Time behavior of the flux was observed by means of a
-v25-cm-long cylindrical plastic (polystYilCene with terphenyl
and POPOP) scintillation detector. The scintillator, viewed by a
current photocell, was placed about 90 cm from the assembly to minimize
the effect of scattered radiation and is shown in Fig. 4. The output
current from the photocell was fed through terminated coaxial cable to
produce vertical deflections in several camera-equipped oscilloscopes.
Linear horizontal sweep rates and vertical amplifications were varied to
best display the burst under observation. Triggering of the scope sweep
was effected by a voltage pulse generated by a small scintillation cmmter
when the incident flux exceeded a predetermined level. Camera shutters
"ere triggered manually.,
The total fission yield of each burst was obtained by measuring the
p32 beta activity induced in each of three compressed sulfur pellets
located respectively 0, 86, and 183 cm from the reactor surface, Sulfur
activation was calibrated in terms of total fission yield by comparison
"Ii th the results of radiochemical fission-product analyses of a
molybdenum sample exposed in the vertical irradiation hole of the
tor, The ratio between the fission denSity in the sample and the total
number of fissions in the reactor was obtained from the fission
tion calculated by Kinney which had agreed with the limited available
experimental measurements.
2
The data from which the fission yields were
determined are given in the appendix.
ilie fission rate in terms of the phot.ocell output was determined
measuring the entire time-voltage integral of a burst trace up to the
scram point and equating it to the number of fissions determined from
sulfur activation. The photocell output was calibrated :Ln this way for
each run in which a burst trace up to scram time was obtained. Wnen a
tc:'ace was termtnated earlier, the ratio of its signal to tha.t of a
calibrated run was used to determine the photocell output.
The reactor period for a burst was determined from the early part
of the rise in the fission-rate trace before the temperature of the
assembly increased.
8
IC SCINTILLATOR
---CRASH PIPE
Fig. 4. ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor and Scintillation De-
tector.



"

J
9
Two iro!l-constantan therrnocoup::"es attached-r,o two of the annular
disks that make up the core measured the t.empera.ture. The
leads were brazed into brass plugs which were screwed into the
disEs, The output was displayed on a recorder so that both the initial
t.emperature and the curve of cooling following a burst be ob
served_ 'The eccentric locations of the thermoc.ouples in the reactor,
shown in 1, resulted in temperature measurements which were
':!n.lculated to be 7% a!ld 15% below the true peak temperature of the
actor. The :;emperature changes given below have been corre::;ted., 'by
computations based O:rl calculated fission dis.l.:;ributions a.nd, thermo:;ouple
to true peak temperature changes. Tl:' calctil::::t:te5 fission
distribution ir:dicates that the pea.k-to-average p.)wer ratio
Res'Jlts
The reciprocal positive reactor period, CJ., measured during the early
part of a burst, is plotted in Fig. 5 as a fLl,"1ction of the reacti vi.ty of
-l:;he assembly after insertion of t.he r-:)d o The interc;ept with th'3
abscissa of a. straight lirie, obtained by a, linear fit of
:,he da"'.:,a, shows that the prompt-cri condition waf' cents above
+;he reactivi t;r of the burst. rod, Thus, the associated wi t':1 the
rod st.roke was 990 75 o. cenJ..;s 0 The slope of the
t.r'ce space-Lndeperident, one-velocity theory
is th8 decay constant at delayed "riti 0]:;. ZnE' Y,'Oll.'le
Dr CJ.p cib-t:.aLn.ed. by a least-squares a.nalysis of t.he da.b;, for a.Ll OC5.,l
x sec :;::}:,.is is
be c:cmpared with a value of ().6'7 :x: w. E.
Ki,'YJ.n.ey ,9.,sstaning 00 as the effect:i.ve fra.::t:'rm of del.aYEd r:.eutrons,
::he (;OTI1}Jlltation is based on a valUE: ;)f t.he Efet;ime ,:)f
X 10
-8
which was calculated by pertur'baticm theory using the
c.n':.!/llar fluxes from an S4 tra.nsport code.
2
'rhe Qf neutrons
to the assembly by the walls and r;'.oor ;)f the room may be th:;
reas,x!. for the f'xperimental. and val:Jes
of O'p in the present. work.
Ix 10
4
)
6
5
o
Q
'"

<i 3
u
o
'" "-
u
w
'"
.; 2
o
o
10
I I
MEASUREMENTS INDOORS AT THE
ORNL CRITICAL FACILITY
BURST ROD STROKE = 18.92 em
WHEN INSERTED, END OF ROD
1.02 mm ABOVE BOTTOM OF
ASSEMBLY
././

/
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67BOlR
y
/
V

/
~ o . 0. , 0.00 ,,'" '''-,

/
--
1/
I
/iROMPT
CRITICAL
---
/
!
I
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
REACTIVITY ABOVE BURST ROD I dollors)
Fig. 5. Reciprocal Reactor Period as a Function of Reactivity
Above Burst Rod for the HPRR.


t

..


,
I
11
Some typical burst traces, replotted from the oscilloscope photo-
graphs) are shown in " 6, 8, 9, and 10. Other burst t.races obtained
a:ce included in Appendix B. Z ~ r o time is always arbitrary. The figures
also list reactor period, burst half width, peak fission rat.e, and the
total fission yield.
In the burst of 6) the residual plateau is quite evident.
From the burst shape, the temperature rise, the calculated peak-to-
average power density distribution, and the reactivity above prompt
critical required to produce the burst, the average dynamic temperature
coefficient for the burst of Fig, 6 was computed to be O. cents/oC.
Alse shown on this figure are the time of initial safety block motion, ob-
tained. from the signal of a transducer attached to the blo-ck} and. the
reaetivity associated with its displacement as a function of time. The
latter quantity was readily obtained from the known reactivity of the
b::Lock as a function of displacement (80 cents/em over the first 2.5 cm)
and the known motion of the block as a function of time after release.
In the actual oscilloscope photograph of 7, a burst of somewhat
greater yield than that of Fig, 6 is shown. Oscillations of the
'Lude of the residual plateau are visible These oscillations stem from
the vibration in the plates of the assembly. This vibration is in th,:;
vertical direction with a frequency, according to the photograph, of
/?;bou!:, 5 kc/sec. It is apparently possible for this vibration to
the core disks, since the bolts which hold the ~ o r e together were loose
many experiments. Independent measurements of the vibration of
1.he system following a burst indicate a frequency in the vertical diree
tioY1 of about 6 kc/sec, while the vibrational frequency in the radial
d:'.rection was about 22 kc/sec.
Figure 8 shows a burst of 7.2 x fissions, where the pressur':;
waves in the safety block have separated it from its magnet about
iJ.sec after the of the burst, In four ClU'I'erent bursts in
which this shock-separation was observed, the time was found to be
between 220 and 235 iJ.sec after each
12
UNCLASSIFIEO
ORNL-LR-DWG 67814R
18
;'5
'"
t:
16
'"
2
14
;'0
z
0
i=
0
::!:
PERIOD:
PEAK RATE:
..
12
"8
"
25
::.::
u
0
..J
al
HALF-WIDTH:
>-
~
10
:0
15
>-
20
f-
W
ll..
<t
(fJ
8 ::!:
w
f-
<t
15 0
0::
ll..
0::
Z
6
0
Ui
>-
f-
lO
'>
i=
(fJ
4 c;:
u
<t
W
0::
5 w
2 >
~
(!)
0 0
w
z
0 5 to t5 20 45 50
TIME (msec)
Fig. 6 Trace of Oscilloscope Photograph for. a Burst of 1. '7 x l O ~
Fissions (HPRR).



\


if

,
,
uJ
I-
<I:
0:::
Z
o
(f)
if)
13
TIME
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67802
TIME SCALE: 217.4,usee/division
TOTAL YIELD; 4 x 10
16
fissions
PERIOD: 45,usee
HALF-WIDTH: 175,usee
PEAK RATE: i. 2 x 10
20
fissions Isee
7. Oscilloscope Photograph for a Burst of 4 x 10
16
Fissions
14
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR- DWG 67808R
14 ------,-----,-----,_--... ..--,_----,_----,


""
8
-e
"
w
6
z
o
TOTAL YIELD; 7.2 < 10 16
PERIOD: 24 p'sec
HALF -WIDTH: 80 p'sec
PEAK RATE: 6.0 W
20
f;ssionsjsec
POINTS ARE FROM SIMPLE
NORMALIZED AT PEAK

en
c;:
1O0 200
TIME (I'Sec)
300 400 500
8. Trace of Oscilloscope Photograph for a Burst of 7.2 x
Fissions (HPRR).



,




,
,
15
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67810R
12 ,---------r----r-1---r---,-----1.-----:-. ----;---'--1 --
10 TOTAL YIELD: 1.05 x m
l7
fissions
\ PERIOD: 20 "sec
:;; J HALF - WIDTH: 63 /1- sec

:0
81---+.--.:---.........
j
-++-----l\I-+__ PEAK RATE: 1.3 x 10
21
fissions/sec
........
/ \

L/ I,,{

.... ................... L __ __ ...........__ __
o 100
Fig. 9. Trace of Osc
Fissions (HPRR).
200 300 400 500
for a Burst of 1.05 x 10
17
u
'"

Ul
c:
.2
Ul
!
16
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 66t66R2
(x 102t)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
YIELD: L8 x 10
17
fissions
f---+-------iJ--+---+- PEAK RATE: 3.0 x 10
21
~ __ + __ i'----\--+- MAX. TEMPERATURE RISE: 400C
0 50 tOO
PERIOD:
HALF -WIDTH:
REACTIVITY ABOVE
t50 200 250
TIME (fLsec)
16 p'sec
48 p'sec
300
. 10. Trace of Oscilloscope Photograph for a Burst of 1.8 x
1 ~ 7 Fissions (HPRR).




,





I
A'ts,) ShC;WL in thiB figure
Hre oncwgrEflJ:p medel previ::n;u.ly noted, The (H:H"ves have been nl)I'maliBed
at--:tbeirs In all-eompar:Lsons bbTllD and experiment, agree-
menL8J)peaxed good hl the r1slng pa.rt of but the 1'1eutJ::oD,
'terpredic ted tion.
tilatien., ass cien:.LDl
,;r::ea,::t.i vi ty
inereaoc; Llte of may actuall,
'\mer.i.on:Jf syatcm thug
tfl8:,n pI edi e1:,cd;;--
Figl:;,r.;::s 9 and 10 show 'c ursts of l.. x: and L8 x fissions,
vely,
In tbe burst of ..L,8 x 10
17
f5.ssionsl' the peak temperature rise was
4ococ up to the time of the of the burst 45%:::lf the fis-
sions had t.he expar;sion at t.hat time was only
t,) reducef;he tv 11 cen'!:,s, '1'h-:.s indicates, as was
E:xpeeted, that; the thermal behind the energy release.
Fission versus tempera+,ure r:tse is plotted i.n Fig .. l,L The
cb'aim:d by using c heat of C.042
for the urani ,'"Un-lU"";.J-,
178 Mev /f1ss1on f.;)r ttLe er:;.ergy depos.i t.ed in the
al10YJ and assumtng
gives 3,8 x 10
1
.
4
+.em:;:JEra.+,ure increase. S::1,F. measured
value :i,8 4.6 x A 5.2 x flssi':'H1S would
ra.ise t:ne peak in ttle assembly to the melting
peaK fJss i.on I'8t,8 a.s a function of reactor period
is shown in l2. the;)r;v predicts that the peak fission ra+je
is t.o t,he square of the
deviate a"::. bo-l:.h ends:Jf the For
'l'he data
than 3U Ilsec the
deviations are due t:: ';:,he effe:::L of r:.e1,;"trons back
from +;he room walls tl,nd flo:JI'" Fer peri,)ds shorter than 3C l-Lsec, more
intense tnrstsr,han were were bec8,use of la3
'betwe<';:G i'.iS8 ..L:)[l re,iease I'l.Yld expa.nsion of the reaCl,OI' volume.
0
-'
w
>=
z
Q
(f)
(f)
u:
15
10
5
/
./
o
o
18
/
FISSIONS = 4.6 x 10
14


/
/.//
/'
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-OWG 67804
/
/
/
./
V
//
./
[/

FISSIONS = 3.8 x 10
14
LIT
P
/
V
100 200
TEMPERATURE RISE (OC)
.. -
300 400
Fig. 11. Total Fission Yield as a Function of Temperature Rise in
the RPRR.









~
u
Q)
III
......
III
c
0
III
III
-
w
I-
<1:
a::
z
Q
(.f)
(.f)
li:
.
::s:::
<1:
w
Cl..
..
,
5
I
2
10
21
5
I
I
2
I
10
20
5
2
10
19
I
5
I
... -
/
V

~
., 2
2
19
=R
I
-1
==
I
!
.-
I
I
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67805
~
~
I
I 11
,
r
I I I

I I
,
.-
1

1
i. I
/
I
!
V 1/
I
'./
!
I
If'
~
"
I
/. ....

. ..
~ -
/ I
.......
/
i
I
I"
V
I
I
VI
I
1
\ I
!
I
\
I
1 -1
' I
I I
" I
I I
I / T
-Z
I
I
....
I
I
I
I i
I
1
I I I
1 ~ 1
5 10
4
2 5
RECIPROCAL PERIOD (a = liT) (sec-i)
Fig. 12. Peak Fission Rate as a Function of Reactor Reciprocal
Period (HPRR).
20
The total fission yield and the yield in the "spike" of the burst
are shown as functions of reciprocal period in Fig. 13. The fission
yield in the spike of the burst was obtained by graphical integration of
the oscilloscope traces. In the higher yield burst; about 90% of the
fissions occur in the spike and 10% in the tail before the pressure waves
generated in the burst scram the system.
Acknowledgements
The burst detection equipment was made available by the N-2 Group
at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The assistance of T. F. Wimett of
LAS:::', in the early phases of the experiment and in discussions of the r e ~
sults is acknowledged, Sulfur activations and counting were done by
E. B. Johnson, and fission product analyses by the Radiochemical Analysis
group under E. Wyatt. Co-workers in performing the experiments were
L. W. Gilley, Ay D. Callihan, J. J, Lynn, E. R, Rohrer, and J. ~ Ellis.
The work of J. R" Hill-*in reactor control maintenance is also acknow-
ledged.
*Instr-:.1IDen-taticm and Controls Di vi sion.

"


..
,
,
21
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67806
o 10 ~ - - - - - 4 - - - - - ~ - - - ~ .
-1
W
>=
I-
(f)
a::
::::>
CD
2 3 4 5
RECIPROCAL PERIOD (a = 1fT) (sec-l)
Fig. 13. Total Fission and "Spike ff Yields as a Function of
Reactor Reciprocal Period (HPRR).
22
Fission Yield Determination Data
The text has described the determination of fission yield from
measurements of the beta activity of irradiated sulfur pellets. These
pellets were 3.8 cm in diameter and 0.95 cm thick. Their orientations
with respect to the core are as shown in Fig. 4. The scintillation
counter used to measure the pellet activity had been calibrated in the
manner described by Reinhardt and Davis4 and by Hurst and Ritchie. 5
1Amere possible during the present experiments individual pellets were
counted both before and after burning, and the quoted flux is the aver-
aee of the two counts.
'lIable A-l shows the results of five fission-product analyses used
to calibrate the sulfur activity in terms of the total fission yield.
In these runs fission yield was determined by exposing rods of alloy
in the irradiation hole of the reactor and radiochemically analyzing
the samples, after exposure, for fisSion-product activity. Barlum-140
production was used as the index in the fission-product determinations.
The number of fissions per unit flux was at points 0; 86, and 183 cm
from the reactor. It may be noted that at each position the maximum
spread of values is less than 20%. The average of these values shown
in the table were applied to the sulfur flux data of subsequent ru..l1S
to determine the fission yields given in Table A-2.
4.
5.
P. W. Reinhardt and F. J. Davis, Physics, 1, 169-175 (1958).
G. S. Hurst and R. H. Ritchie, Radiation Accidents: Dosimetric
Aspects of, Neutron and Gamma-Ray E?g>0sure, ORNL-2748, Part A .
(May, 1961).
*_4. Ba
140
fission yield of 6
".---- lJ "'as Used,
,

..
,
23
..


Table A-1. Calibration of Sulfur Pellets in
Terms of Fission Yield
Integrated Flux (n o cm-
2
) Fissions per unit Flux
Run Yield Position Position Position Position Position Position
Number (fissions)* No. 1 No.2 No. 3 No. 1 No.2 No.
3
X 10
16
X 10
12
X 10
10
X 10
9
X 10'3 X 10
5
X 10
6
0 1.96 3.94 5,48 8.25 4.96 3.57 2037
15 6.63 12.6 18.3
3
5. 3.62 2.05
36 5.60
936
.4 24.2
5.99
4.18 2.31
37
8.00
3
21.8
393
5.22 3.67 2.03
38 9.48 17.2 24.5 44.2 5. 3.87 2.1
1
J.
Average
5.38 3.78
2.41
*Determined by radiochemical fission.product analyses
..
24
Table A-2. Fission Yields from Various Bursts, Determined
from Sulfur Pellet Activations ..
Integrated Flux (n.cm-
2
)
Total Yield
..
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 ( fissions)
x x
X 10
9 X .,
0.17 0.24 0.42 0.096
0.70 1.09 1.92 0.4:2
2.27 3.38 6.58 1.32
2.52 3.71 1.
2. 4.32
751
1.68
293
4. 7.68 1.69
3.37 4.89
750
1.84
3.58 520 9.47 2.06
399 537 973
2.18
4.31 5.94 9.90 2.3.3
5.34 7.78 13.0
299
5.45 767
14.1 3.08
5. 8.39 152 3.34
..
6.01 8.60 156 3.4:2
715
10.1 18.0 4.J:L
7.46 109 4.
7
11.8
9.36 13.4 24,2
532
l:i5 3
28.2. 6.
12.6 18.3 .2
.,
I
3
21.8
393
8.66
.9 229
42.4
91:5
172 .5 44.2
973
25.8 47.3 lCL 5
21.2 30.6 52.2 11.9
.8 30.6 57.6 12,,7
22.4 34.0 58.2 130
1
34.1 .9 " .. \"".
43.7 83.)
3
..

Oscilloscope Burst Traces
Traces of oscilloscope photographs for bursts ranging from
3.1 x 10
16
fissions to 1.3 x 10
17
fissions are presented on the follow-
ing pages.
Total Yield Page No.
3.1 x 10
16
fissions 26
3.4 x 10
16
fissions 27
6.3 x 10
16
fissions 28
8.7 x 10
16
fissions 29
97
x 10
16
fissions
30
1.2 x 10
17
fissions
1.3 x fissions 32
26
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67813


8
(.)
en
>-
...
o
...
:3 6 ..
...
o
w
PERIOD: 68,usee
HALF -WIDTH: 250,usee
PEAK RATE: 6.4 x 10
'9
fissions/sec
---...

0::
Z
o
(Ii

LL
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
TIME (,usee)
..
..
..
,

..
.'
,
w

a:::
z
0
(f)
fQ
u..
6
5
3
2
o
o
I
J
/
/
//
200
f\
I
J
27
I
I
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67803
I I
TOTAL YIELD; 3.4 x 10
16
fissions
PERIOD: 50 fLsec
HALF WIDTH: 177 fLsec
PEAK RATE: 8.9 x 10
19
fis sions / sec
I
V
\
I
\,
\
\
"'
N---
I
i
400 600 800 1000
TIME (fLsec)
10
9
8
7
<U
C
u
6
'"
;:-

.Q
5
(;
w
!;;:
4 a:
z
0
Vi
(/)
3
u:
2
50 100 150
28
200
PERIOD;
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67607R
HALF -WIDTH: 87 fLsec
PEAK RATE: 5.5.10
20
fissions/sec
INITATION OF SAFETY
BLOCK
I
250 300 350 400 450
TIME (fLsec)


,

..

111
.,

'" 0
(J
III
;:-
,g
:e
2
w

0::
Z
Q
(f)
(f)
L;:
5
4
3
2
0
0 50 100 150
29
200
TIME (fLsec)
250
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 676t5R
8.7 x lO
t6
fissions
24 fLsec
71 fLsec
4.2 x !020
300 350 400
12
10
IV
"5
0
'"
i:::'
8
E
15
15
6
w
!q
a::
:z
4
0
(i)

u.
2
0
0
30
TOTAL YIELD:
---+-------1-1--\--+--- PERIOD:
50 100 150
HALF -WIDTH:
PEAK RATE:
200
TIME (fl-sec)
250
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR- DWG 67816R
9.7 x 10
'6
fissions
22 fl-sec
65 fl-sec
6.8 x 10
20
fissions/sec
300 350 400

..
..


"
~
10
E
0
0
; 8
g
:e
0
6
w
~
Il:
Z 4
Q
(j)

(j)
c;:
2
0
..
0 100 200
31
TOTAL YIELD, 1.2 x 10
17
fISSIons
PERIOD, 19.4 fLsec
HALF - WIDTH; 58 fLsec
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR- DWG 67811 R
PEAK RATE: 1.65 x 10
21
fissions/sec
300 400 500
TIME (fLsec)
.,
"0
u
'"
4

:e
o
W
f-
<t
r
UNCLASSIFIED
ORNL-LR-DWG 67842R
TOTAL YIELD: 1. 3 x 10
17
fissions
PERIOD; 21 "sec
HALF- WIDTH: 58 "sec
PEAK RATE; 8.1 x 10
20
fissions I sec

(f)
(f)
iJ::
____ ____ ____ ____ __________ ____ _L ____
o tOO 200
TIME ("sec)
300 400


'.
...
1.
"
2"

3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.,
9,18.
19
20"
2l.
22.
23
24-28.
29.
30"
3L
)2.
33.
34.
35
36-37.
58.
39
40.
41-
42.

44.
45.
.. 106
107
108-112.
11).116.,
117-118.
119
120,
..
12l.
('
'122"
123.

Jo
J.
E.
R.
To
A.
F.
T.
A.
T.
R.
G.
E.
J.
L .
E.
R,
D.
S ..
J.
K.
J.
L.
c.
G"
E.
W.
p"
w.
J.,
M.,
33
Internal Distribution
L. Anderson 46. J J. Lynn
A. Auxier
47. J. Do McLendon (Y-12)
P. Blizard
48. H. Go MacPherson
C. Block 49. D. W. Magnuson
v. Blos.i3er 50. Fo C. Maienschein
L. Boch 51-65. J. T. Mihalczo
R, Bruce
66.
K. Z. Morgan
J. Burnett 67. F. J. Muckenthaler
D. Callip.an
68 .. C. W. Nestor
E. Cole 69. L. C. Oakes
R. Coveyou 70. R. W. Peelle
deSaussure 7l. A. M. Perry
P. Epler 72. P. H. Pitkanen
K. Fox 73
D. P. Roux
W .. Gilley 74. E. G. Silver
E. Gross 75, M. J. Skinner
G"\vin 76. M. L. Tobias
C. Hamilton 77. D. R .. Ward
H. Hanauer 78. A. M. Weinberg
A. Harvey 79. F. G. Welfare
M. Henry
800 W. Zobel
R, Hill 81-83. Laboratory Records
B., Holland
84. Laboratory Records, ORNL R.C,
F. Holloway 85-86. Central Research Library
r:<
Hurst 87. Reference Section u,
B. Johnson
88,
Research and Development
H. Jordan Di vision} ORD
R. Kasten 89";103. Division of Technieal Informa-
E. Kinney tion Extension, liIE
A. Lane
L Lundin
External, .Distribution
United Nuclear Corporation, White Plains, New York
J. R. Beyster; General Atomic, San Dlego
J
California
H. C, Paxton, G. E. Hansen, C. B. MillS, W .. Ro Stratton, and
T. F. Wimett; Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos,
New Mexico
J. E. Carothers, E. H. Cristie, q. E. Cummings, and O. C, Kolar;
Universi.ty of California, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,
Livermore, California
D. M. Ellett and P. D. OiBrien; Sandia Corporation, Albuquerque,
New Mexico
C. L. Schuskej Dow Chemical Company, Rocky Flats, Colorado
E, O. Baicy, U .. S. Army Ordnance Ballistics .Laboratory, Aberdeen
Proving Grounds, Aberdeen, Maryland
G. E, Elder; White Sands Nissile Range, White Sands, New Mexico
A. Lo Kaplan; General Electric Corp, Syracuse, New York
E. D. Clayton; General Electric Company, Hanford Laboratories,
Richland, Washington
Do AlbuqUerque Office, Atomic Energy COl1ITuis-
sion, Albuquerque, New Mexico

II
,