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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_engineering
Transport engineering
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The engineering of this roundabout in Bristol, England, attempts to make traffic flow free-moving Transportation engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering.[1] Transportation engineering is a major component of the civil engineering discipline. The importance of transportation engineering within the civil engineering profession can be judged by the number of divisions in ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) that are directly related to transportation. There are six such divisions (Aerospace; Air Transportation; Highway; Pipeline; Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean; and Urban Transportation) representing one-third of the total 18 technical divisions within the ASCE (1987).[2] The planning aspects of transport engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves an urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where is the traveler going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting). Passenger trips are the focus of transport engineering because they often represent the peak of demand on any transportation system. A review of descriptions of the scope of various committees indicates that while facility planning and design continue to be the core of the transportation engineering field, such areas as operations planning, logistics, network analysis, financing, and policy analysis are also important to civil engineers,
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particularly to those working in highway and urban transportation. The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) list online the safety protocols, geometric design requirements, and signal timing. Transportation engineering, as practiced by civil engineers, primarily involves planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of transportation facilities. The facilities support air, highway, railroad, pipeline, water, and even space transportation.[1] The design aspects of transport engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used in pavement designing the geometry (vertical and horizontal alignment) of the roadway (or track). Before any planning occurs the Engineer must take what is known as an inventory of the area or if it is appropriate, the previous system in place. This inventory or database must include information on (1)population, (2)land use, (3)economic activity, (4)transportation facilities and services, (5)travel patterns and volumes, (6)laws and ordinances, (7)regional financial resources, (8)community values and expectations. These inventories help the engineer create business models to complete accurate forecasts of the future conditions of the systemReview. Operations and management involve traffic engineering, so that vehicles move smoothly on the road or track. Older techniques include signs, signals, markings, and tolling. Newer technologies involve intelligent transportation systems, including advanced traveler information systems (such as variable message signs), advanced traffic control systems (such as ramp meters), and vehicle infrastructure integration. Human factors are an aspect of transport engineering, particularly concerning driver-vehicle interface and user interface of road signs, signals, and markings.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Highway engineering Railroad engineering Port and harbor engineering Airport engineering Professional Societies See also References External links
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Airport engineers design and construct airports. Airport engineers must account for the impacts and demands of aircraft in their design of airport facilities. These engineers must use the analysis of predominant wind direction to determine runway orientation, determine the size of runway border and safety areas, different wing tip to wing tip clearances for all gates and must designate the clear zones in the entire port. [5]
[edit] References
1. ^ a b "ITE The Transportation Profession". ITE. http://www.ite.org /career/index.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-27. 2. ^ "ASCE About Civil Engineering". ASCE. http://www.asce.org /ProgramProductLine.aspx?id=2147485055. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 3. ^ "American Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials". AASHTO. http://www.transportation.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-27. 4. ^ "Association of American Railroads". AAR. http://www.aar.org /AAR/About-Us.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
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5. ^ "Introduction of Transportation Engineering". thecivilengg.com. http://www.thecivilengg.com/transportation_engineering.php. Retrieved 2012-1-12. 6. ^ Young Professionals in Transportation. yptransportation.org. Retrieved on 2012-2-13. 7. ^ Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE. Retrieved on 2011-10-12. 8. ^ American Society for Highway Engineers. highwayengineers.org. Retrieved on 2012-3-4. 9. ^ American Society of Civil Engineers. Asce.org (2010-07-19). Retrieved on 2011-10-12. 10. ^ American Planning Association. Apa-tpd.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-12. 11. ^ "American Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials". http://www.transportation.org/. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
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