Article III - Bill of Rights

BILL OF RIGHTS
Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social

Science-I
(1987 PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION)
INTRODUCTION
!"## %& '"()*+
Ve bolJ tbese trutbs to be socreJ onJ
unJenioble, tbot oll men ore creoteJ equol
onJ inJepenJent, tbot from tbot equol
creotion tbey Jerive riqbts inberent onJ
inolienoble, omonqst wbicb ore tbe
preservotion of life, liberty, onJ tbe pursuit
of boppiness"
,*-./01 234351.6

Tle Bill of Riglis is a siaiemeni of
individual libeiiies, fieedoms and iiglis
wlicl iesidenis and sojouineis in ile
Plilippines, Filipino oi foieignei, enjoy
againsi exeiiion of goveinmeni powei.
Ii is a pioieciion insialled by ile
Consiiiuiion in favoi of individuals againsi
possible abuses and aibiiiaiiness in ile
exeicise of powei by ile goveinmeni,
7'%*89*"%: ;(;":+* *)8 +*;*8
! Ii is noi meani againsi acis of piivaie
individuals.
! Iis concein is noi ile ielaiionslip beiween
individuals.

CLASSES OF RIGHTS
! Naiuial
! Consiiiuiional
! Siaiuioiy
NATURAL RIGHTS
! Rigli possessed by ciiizens wiiloui being
gianied by ile Siaie, given by God

! Ex: iigli io live and iigli io love!
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
! Riglis ilai aie pioiecied by Consiiiuiion

! Tley cannoi be ialen by law maling body oi
modifed
STATUTORY RIGHTS
! Riglis cieaied by law maling body, bui may
also be abolisled by ile same body
! Ex: minimum wage and iigli io inleiii
piopeiiy
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHTS
! Poliiical
! Civil
! Social, economic and culiuial
! Riglis of accused
POLITICAL RIGHTS
! Riglis given io ciiizens io paiiicipaie diiecily
oi indiiecily in ile esiablislmeni oi
adminisiiaiion of goveinmeni

! Ex: Rigli of ciiizen (Aii. (), Rigli of suiage
(Aii. ) and Rigli io infoimaiion (Aii. y)
CIVIL RIGHTS
! Tlese iiglis aie laws ilai enfoice ai ile
insiance of piivaie individuals foi ile puipose
of secuiing means of lappiness
! Ex: Fieedom of speecl, expiession, piess,
iigli io assembly and peiiiion and ile iigli io
foim associaiions aie civil iigli bui become
paii of poliiical iiglis wlen used io
paiiicipaie in goveinmeni
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL
RIGHTS
! Ensuies economic secuiiiy of ciiizens
! Rigli io piopeiiy, jusi compensaiion, piivaie
piopeiiy, conseivaiion of enviionmeni,
piomoiion of educaiion, science, ieclnology,
aiis and culiuie
RIGHTS OF ACCUSED
! Riglis io pioieci ile accused of any ciime lile
piesumpiion io innocence; iigli io impaiiial,
speedy and public iiial and ile iigli againsi
ciuel, degiading oi inluman punislmeni
STATE AUTHORITY AND INDIVIDUAL
FREEDOM
i) Tle Siaie is an insiiumeni io enable boil ile
individual and socieiy iogeilei io aiiain ileii
gieaiei lappiness, piogiess and welfaie
CONFLICT BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
AND GROUP WELFARE
! :) Goveinmeni is cieaied io pioieci
individuals and ai ile same iime pioieci ile
geneial welfaie
ROLE OF }UDICIARY
! ) Tleie could be no absoluie powei wloevei
exeicises ii, same as no absoluie libeiiy wlicl
means license and anaicly
! Tle Supieme Couii aci as aibiieis of ile
limiis of goveinmenial poweis especially in
ielaiion io individual iiglis
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=
No person sboll be JepriveJ of life,
liberty or property witbout Jue
process of low, nor sboll ony person
be JenieJ tbe equol protection of tbe
lows.
Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution
Social Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=
! life - is not limiteJ to tbe literol meoninq of
life. lt incluJes tbe riqbt of inJiviJuol to its
boJy i n i ts compl eteness, f ree f rom
Jismemberment, onJ extenJs to GoJ-qiven
foculties wbicb mokes life enjoyoble.
! liberty - tbe riqbt to exist onJ riqbt to be free
from personol restroint or servituJe, tbe riqbt
to controct, tbe riqbt to cboose ones
employment, tbe riqbt to lobor etc.
Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=
! Property - refers to onytbinq tbot con come
unJer tbe riqbt of ownersbip onJ be subject of
controct.

Science-I
Due Process of Law
lt is o leqol moxims wbicb beors before it
conJemns onJ renJers juJqment only ofter
triol.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=
Science-I
Two (:) Aspects of Due Process
i. ProceJurol Due Process - Tbe monner or
proceJure wbicb must be followeJ in tbe
enforcement or opplicotion of low.
:. Substontive Due Process - Tbis meons tbot
tbe low to be opplieJ is voliJ, just onJ not
orbitrory.

;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=
Science-I
Equal Protection of Law
It means that all persons or things similarly
situated should be treated alike both as to
rights conferred and responsibilities imposed.
ARTICLE III, SECTION :

! Tle iigli of ile people io be secuie in ileii
peisons, louses, papeis and eecis againsi
unieasonable seaicles and seizuies of wlaievei
naiuie and foi any puipose slall be inviolable and
no seaicl waiiani oi waiiani of aiiesi slall issue
excepi upon piobable cause io be deieimined
peisonally by ile judge afiei examinaiion undei
oail oi aimaiion of ile complainani and ile
wiinesses le may pioduce, paiiiculaily desciibing
ile place io be seaicled and ile peisons oi ilings io
be seized.
Lecture of Mr. John Torres
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,>
" A VoliJ Seorcb Vorront onJ worront of Arrest
must bove !"#$%$&' )%*+'.
# !"#$%$&' )%*+' - meons tbere ore focts onJ
circumstonces ottenJinq tbe issuonce of
worront su[cient to inJuce o pruJent onJ
coutious juJqe to rely on tbem.
# Tbe Proboble Couse must be JetermineJ personolly by
tbe juJqe.
# Tbe Vorront must porticulorly Jescribe tbe ploce to
be seorcbeJ, or tbe person or tbinqs to be seizeJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,>
" Seorcb onJ Seizures con be moJe witbout Vorront in tbe
followinq instonces.
o. Vben tbere is consent or woiver - tbot is if o Peoce O[cer
bos been qronteJ consent to enter tbe premise of onotber
for tbe purpose of seorcb onJ seizure,
b. Vbere seorcb is on inciJent to o lowful orrest - soy, o
pickpocket couqbt in oqronte Jelicto, con be seorcbeJ for
bis loot,
c. Vben on o[cer mokinq tbe seorcb bos reosonoble couse
to conJuct it in o vebicle believeJ to be contoininq
controbonJ or forfeiteJ qooJs - becouse tbe vebicle con
qet owoy before o worront is secureJ.
J. Vben tbe possession of orticles probibiteJ by low is
JiscloseJ to ploin view (ploin view rule)
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,>
" ,#-'.

$ lnspection conJucteJ by Heoltb onJ Sonitory
inspectors in restouronts in tbe exercise of stote
police power in view of enforcinq lows on public
beoltb or by lobor inspectors of componies octinq
on o comploints of its workers for possible violotion
of lobor lows onJ tbe Bureou of lnternol Revenue
exominer of fnonciol recorJs of componies, neeJ
not bove worront. Tbe some is true of routinory
seorcbes moJe ot tbe borJer or ports of entry in tbe
interest of notionol secuirty
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,>
Science-I
# A privote inJiviJuol con orrest o criminol
even witbout o worront, tbis is colleJ
)./.01, 23314/.

?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+*
Science-I
Vorrontless Arrest is olloweJ unJer tbe
followinq circumstonces.
i. Floqronte Delicto (Couqbt in tbe Act),
:. Hot Pursuit Operotion,
. Arrest of Fuqitive.
?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+*
Science-I
i. Floqronte Delicto (Couqbt in tbe Act)
# Person to be orresteJ bos committeJ, is
octuolly committinq, is ottemptinq to commit
on o[ense,
# Sucb commission is in tbe presence of tbe
orrestinq inJiviJuol,
# Arrestinq inJiviJuol bos personol knowleJqe of
sucb commission.
?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+*
Science-I
,#-' . ()#556++6#7 #8 % )"65')
# One person con orrest o person, wbo bos stobbeJ onJ
killeJ onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be
orresteJ bos committeJ tbe crime of bomiciJe.
# One con orrest o person, wbo witb intent to kill, is
stobbinq onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be
orresteJ is octuolly committinq tbe crime of
bomiciJe.
# On con orrest o person, wbo witb intent to kill is obout
to stob onotber in bis presence since tbe person to be
orresteJ is ottemptinq to commit tbe crime of
bomiciJe.
?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+*
Science-I
:. Hot Pursuit - Hot Pursuit Arrest tokes e[ect wben o crime
bos just in foct been committeJ onJ tbe orrestinq o[cer or
privote inJiviJuol bos proboble couse to believe boseJ on
personol focts or circumstonces tbot tbe person to be
orresteJ bos committeJ it.
Elements of Hot Pursuit Arrest.
l. Time Element - tbot on o[ense bos just been
committeJ, wbicb connotes on immeJiocy in point
of time.
ll. Personol KnowleJqe - tbot tbe orrestinq o[cer or
inJiviJuol must bove proboble couse boseJ on
personol knowleJqe of foct or circumstonces tbot
tbe person to be orresteJ bos committeJ tbe crime.
Science-I
,#-' . ()#7-67*679 )"65' :#;-"67')
# Rebellion is o continuinq crime. lf one bos been o rebel
since i88, be is continuously committinq tbe crime of
rebellion from i88 up to tbe present. Tbus, police
o[cers or militory men wbo bove proboble couse to
believe tbot tbe person to be orresteJ is o rebel, con
moke o worrontless orrest even if tbe rebel is not Joinq
on oct in furtberonce of rebellion. Even if tbe rebel is
just sleepinq, wotcbinq tv or tokinq o botb ot tbe time of
tbe orrest, tbe worrontless orrest is lowful since tbe
suspect is JeemeJ couqbt in tbe oct of committinq tbe
crime of rebellion.
?05506@A311 ;5531@
?;'';:*#8++ ;''8+*
Science-I
. Arrest of Fuqitive - Vben o person to be orresteJ is o
prisoner wbo escopeJ from o penol estoblisbment or ploce
wbere be is servinq fnol juJqment or tempororily confneJ
wbile bis cose is penJinq or bos escopeJ wbile beinq
tronsferreJ from one confnement to onotber.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,B
Tbe Privocy of communicotion
onJ corresponJence sboll be
invioloble except upon lowful orJer
of tbe court, or wben public sofety
or orJer requires otberwise os
prescribeJ by low.
Social Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,B
! Explonotion.
Science-I
# Every person bos tbe riqbt to keep bis
communicotion or corresponJence o secret.
His communicotion witb otbers by pbone or
by letter is o personol or privote motter tbot
noboJy sboulJ intruJe upon.
# But tbis riqbt con be lowfully suspenJeJ
upon orJer of tbe court if tbe sofety onJ
security of tbe people is ot stoke.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,C
No low sboll be posseJ obriJqinq
t be f r e e Jom of s pe e cb, of
expression, or of tbe press or tbe
riqbt of tbe people peoceobly to
os s e mbl e onJ pe t i t i on t be
qov e r nme nt f or r e Jr e s s of
qrievonces.
Social Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,C
i. FreeJom of Speecb,
:. Riqbt to o Free Press,
. FreeJom of Assembly,
. Tbe Riqbt of Petition.
Social Science-I
# <#*" =>? .5@#"-%7- 369A-+
15$#B6'B 67 2"-6;&' ...C 4';-6#7 >D
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,D
No low sboll be moJe respectinq on
estoblisbment of reliqion, or probibitinq
tbe free exercise tbereof. Tbe free
exercise onJ enjoyment of reliqious
profession onJ worsbip, witbout
Jiscriminotion or preference, sboll
forever be olloweJ. No reliqious tests
sboll be olloweJ for tbe exercise of civil
or politicol riqbts..
Social Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,E
Tbe liberty of oboJe onJ of
cbonqinq tbe some witbin tbe limits
prescribeJ by low sboll not be
impoireJ except upon lowful orJer
of tbe court. Tbe riqbt to trovel
sboll not impoireJ except in tbe
interest of notionol security, public
sofety, or public beoltb, os moy be
proviJeJ by low
Social Science-I
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,F
(RIGHT TO INFORMATION)
Social Science-I
Tbe riqbt of tbe people to informotion on
motters of public concern sboll be
recoqnizeJ. Access to o[ciol recorJs, onJ
to Jocuments, onJ popers pertoininq to
o[ciol octs, tronsoctions, or Jecisions, os
well os to qovernment reseorcb Joto useJ
os bosis for policy Jevelopment sboll be
o[orJeJ to tbe citizens, subject to sucb
limitotions os moy be proviJeJ by low.
Social Science-I
FreeJom of tbe Press onJ freeJom of occess to
informotion beorinq on qovernmentol Jecision ore
funJomentol elements of !#@*&%" 4#E'"'697-F.
% People bove occess to public recorJs sucb os
recorJs of o cose in court subject to reosonoble rules
onJ requlotions, except wben it is very cleor tbot tbe
purpose of exominotion of public recorJ is unlowful,
sbeer or iJle curiosity. lt is not tbe Juty of tbe
custoJions of tbe recorJs to concern tbemselves witb
tbe motives, reosons, onJ objects of tbe person
seekinq occess to sucb Jocuments or informotion.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,G
(THE RIGHT TO FORM UNION)
Social Science-I
Tbe riqbt of tbe people, incluJinq tbose
employeJ in tbe public onJ privote sectors,
to form unions, ossociotions, or societies
for purposes not controry to low sboll not
be obriJqeJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,H
(THE RIGHT TO }UST COMPENSATION)
Social Science-I
Privote property sboll not be token for
public use witbout just compensotion.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=I
(NON-IMPAIRMENT CLAUSE)
Social Science-I
No low impoirinq tbe obliqotion of
controcts sboll be posseJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,==
(FREE ACCESS TO COURT)
Social Science-I
Free occess to courts onJ quosi-juJiciol boJies
onJ oJequote leqol ossistonce sboll not be JenieJ
to ony person by reoson of poverty.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=>
(RIGHT OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL
INVESTIGATION)
Social Science-I
(i) Any person unJer investiqotion for tbe
commission of on o[ense sboll bove tbe riqbt to
be informeJ of bis riqbt to remoin silent onJ to
bove competent onJ inJepenJent counsel
preferobly of bis own cboice. lf tbe person connot
o[orJ tbe services of counsel, be must be
proviJeJ witb one. Tbese riqbts connot be woiveJ
except in writinq onJ in tbe presence of counsel.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=>
INVESTIGATION)
Social Science-I
(:) No torture, force, violence, tbreot,
intimiJotion, or ony otber meons wbicb vitiote
tbe free sboll be useJ oqoinst bim. Secret
Jetention ploces, solitory, incommunicoJo or
otber similor forms of Jetention ore probibiteJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=>
INVESTIGATION)
Social Science-I
() Any confession or oJmission obtoineJ in
violotion of tbis or Section i, bereof sboll be
inoJmissible in eviJence oqoinst bim.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=>
INVESTIGATION)
Social Science-I
() Tbe low sboll proviJe for penol onJ civil
sonctions for violotions of tbis section os well os
compensotion to onJ rebobilitotion of victims of
torture or similor proctices, onJ tbeir fomilies.

;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B
(THE RIGHT TO BAIL 8 AGAINST EXCESSIVE
BAIL)
Social Science-I
All persons, except tbose cborqeJ witb o[enses
punisboble by reclusion perpetuo wben eviJence
of quilt is stronq, sboll, before conviction, be
boiloble by su[cient securities, or be releoseJ on
recoqnizonce os moy be proviJeJ by low. Tbe
riqbt to boil sboll not be impoireJ even wben tbe
privileqe of tbe writ of bobeos corpus is
suspenJeJ. Excessive boil sboll not be requireJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B
BAIL)
Social Science-I
Boil - is tbe security (usuolly o Jeposit of money)
requireJ by o court for tbe temporory releose of o
person wbo is in tbe custoJy of tbe low proviJeJ
tbot bis oppeoronce in triols moy be ensureJ.
Excessive Boil - is probibiteJ becouse tbot is tbe
some os Jenyinq tbe riqbt to post boil.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=B
BAIL)
Social Science-I
Vrit of Hobeos Corpus - is on orJer issueJ by o
court of competent jurisJiction, JirecteJ to tbe
person Jetoininq onotber, commonJinq bim to
proJuce tbe boJy of tbe prisoner ot o JesiqnoteJ
time onJ ploce onJ to sbow su[cient couse for
bolJinq in custoJy tbe inJiviJuol so JetoineJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=C
(RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED)
Social Science-I
(i) No person sboll be belJ to onswer for o
criminol o[ense witbout Jue process of low. ln oll
criminol prosecutions, tbe occuseJ sboll be
presumeJ innocent until tbe controry is proveJ.
;'*"9#8,"""< +89*"%:,=C
(RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED)
Social Science-I
(:) ln oll criminol prosecutions, sboll enjoy tbe riqbt to
be beorJ by bimself onJ counsel, to be informeJ of tbe
noture onJ couse of tbe occusotion oqoinst bim, to bove o
speeJy, importiol, onJ public triol, to meet tbe witnesses
foce to foce, onJ to bove compulsory process to secure tbe
ottenJonce of witnesses onJ tbe proJuction of eviJence in
bis bebolf. However, ofter orroiqnment, triol moy proceeJ
notwitbstonJinq tbe obsence of tbe occuseJ proviJeJ tbot
be bos been July notifeJ onJ bis foilure to oppeor is
justifoble.
ARTICLE III, SECTION i
! Tle piivilege of ile wiii of labeas coipus
slall noi be suspended excepi in cases of
invasion oi iebellion wlen ile public safeiy
iequiies ii.
ARTICLE III, SECTION i6
! All peisons slall lave ile iigli io a speedy
disposiiion of ileii cases befoie all judicial,
quasi-judicial, oi adminisiiaiive bodies.
ARTICLE III, SECTION iy
! No peison slall be compelled io be a wiiness
againsi limself.
ARTICLE III, SECTION iS
! (i) No peison slall be deiained solely by
ieason of lis poliiical beliefs and aspiiaiions.
! (:) No involuniaiy seiviiude in any foim slall
exisi excepi as a punislmeni foi a ciime
wleieof ile paiiy slall lave been duly
convicied.
ARTICLE III, SECTION iq
! (i) Excessive fnes slall noi be imposed, noi ciuel,
degiading oi inluman punislmeni inicied. Neiilei
slall ile deail penaliy be imposed, unless, foi
compelling ieasons involving leinous ciimes, ile
Congiess leieafiei piovides foi ii. Any deail penaliy
alieady imposed slall be ieduced io ieclusion
peipeiua.
! (:) Tle employmeni of plysical, psyclological, oi
degiading punislmeni againsi any piisonei oi
deiainee oi ile use of subsiandaid oi inadequaie
penal faciliiies undei subluman condiiions slall be
deali wiil by law.
ARTICLE III, SECTION :o
! No peison slall be impiisoned foi debi oi
non-paymeni of a poll iax.
ARTICLE III, SECTION :i
! No peison slall be iwice pui in jeopaidy of
punislmeni foi ile same oense. If an aci is
punisled by a law and an oidinance,
conviciion oi acquiiial undei eiilei slall
consiiiuie a bai io anoilei piosecuiion foi
ile same aci.
ARTICLE III, SECTION ::
! No ex posi facio law oi bill of aiiaindei slall
be enacied.
Science-I
-end-

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BILL OF RIGHTS

Lecture of Mr. John Torres Philippine Government and Constitution Social

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