T-Beam Design Ex 5.

3
Integrated Design of T-beam Nilson, Darwin and Dolan 2004
Floor system consists of single span T-beams 8 ft on centers supported by 12 in. masonry walls spaced at 25 ft between inside faces. A 5 in. monolithic slab carries a uniformly distributed service load of 165 psf. The T-beams in addition to its own weight must carry two concentrated 16,000 lb equipment loads over the stem of the T-beam 3 ft from the span centerline as shown. Complete design of the T beams using fc = 4000 psi and bars with 60,000 psi yield stress

Description

Steps in Design
Size beam for shear Calculate loads Find effective width Find As and select steel Bar cut-off Design shear steel Add cut-off shear steel

Span
Effective Span
Clear span + depth not exceeding c/c distance Beam web estimated as 12 x 24 Smaller is 26 ft

Dead Load
The beam supports its own weight and that of the slab spanning 8 ft between the beams It is easier to determine this load from:
Weight of 8ft slab section Weight of beam section below the slab. This has the dimensions 12 x (24 5) = 12 x 19 in

Calculation of Dead Load

Weight of 8 ft section of slab:
(5/12) x 150 x 8 = 500 lb/ft

Live Load
Live load consists of a 165 psf distributed load and two symmetric 16,000 lb equipment loads 3 ft from the center line Pu = 1.6 x 16,000 = 25,600 lb

Weight of beam section

(12 x 19)/144 x 150 = 237.5 lb/ft

Total dead load = 737.5 lb/ft The book answer is 740 lb/ft since they rounded up 437.5 lb/ft to 440 lb/ft

Calculation of wu
Distributed Live Load
Intensity x tributary width 165 x 8 = 1320 lb/ft

Shear Diagram

Distributed Dead Load

737.5 lb/ft We will round up to 740 lb/ft to be consistent with book

wu = 1.2wd + 1.6wl = 1.2(740)+1.6(1320) = 3 k/ft

Sizing beam for shear

The web dimensions are sized based on shear. Vumax = Pu + wuL/2 = 25.6 + 13(3)= 64.6k Vu@d is at distance d from the face of the support. Book assumes d = 20 in (2 layers of steel for 24 in depth). The wall is 12 in wide, so the distance is 6 in + 20 in = 26 in Vu@d = 64.6 3 (26/12) = 58.1 kips

Sizing beam for shear - 2

Assume Vs = 2Vc, so Vn = (Vc + 2Vc) Solve for bwd
3Vc = 6fcbwd = 58.1 kips bwd = 58.1/(6 x 0.75)4000 = 204 in2

Select bw = 12 in. and d = 18 in. Overall depth is 18 + 4 = 22 in. < 24 in. Assumed dead load is not revised

Design for Flexure

Calculate effective width, bE Calculate Mu Calculate As Select steel

Calculate Effective Width

bE is least of:
L/4 16hf + bw centerline spacing 26/4 = 6.5 ft = 78 in 16 x 5 + 12 = 92 in 8 ft = 96 in

Least is 78 in

Calculate Mu
Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (3 k/ft) and two symmetric point loads (25.6k) located 10 ft from the supports Mu = wuL2/8 + Pu x 10 ft
= = = 3(262)/8 + 25.6(10) 253.5 + 256 509.5 ft k say 510 k-ft

Calculate As
Since the flange is 78 in. wide and 5 in. deep, it is unlikely to be a true T For T-beams, the approximate lever arm is taken as 0.95d = 0.95(18) = 17.1 in (see MacGregor & Wight 2005) As = Mu/fy x lever arm = 510 x 12/(0.9)(60)(17.1) = 6.62 in2 This is close to book value of 6.60 in2

Select Steel
Four # 9 (As = 4 in2) and 4 # 8 (3.16 in2) to provide a total area of 7.16 in2 (the book value is 7.14 in2) Steel will be arranged in two rows, each row containing 2 #9s and 2 #8s.

Bar Cut-off
At the simple support, the moment is zero so the steel can be reduced ACI requires at least 1/3rd of the steel to continue over the supports. In this example, 50% (the entire top row) is cut off

Detailing

Location of Cut-Off
Find capacity of beam with the bottom steel layer (2 # 9s and 2 # 8s) As = 7.16/2 = 3.58 in2 (book uses 3.57 in2) d = h - 1.5 in cover - 3/8 in cg of #9 & 8 bars
= 22 1.5 0.375 (1.128+1)/2 = 19.06 in.

Residual Moment Capacity

3.58 60 = = 0.81 in a= ' 0.85 f c be 0.85 4 78 As f y
a 2 0.81 1 ) = 300 ft k 2 12

Map Location of Cut-off

Let x = distance from support where Mu = 300 ft-k (residual capacity) Equate residual capacity = Rx wux2/2 64.6x 3x2/2 = 300 x = 5.3 ft from the support

M n = As f y (d ) = 0.90 3.58 60 (19.06

Mn = 300/ = 333 ft-k

Cut-off
Extend by larger of d or 12db
d is 18 in. or 1.5 ft 12db = 12 x (1.128) = 13.54 in Here we are using the larger #9 bar since the entire row is stopped. Otherwise use the diameter of the bar that is cutoff

Development Length
Because of the large concentrated load, check development length from that location Check if simplified form can be used
Clear cover > db, (1.5 + 0.375)/1.128 = 1.66db Clear spacing > db
[12 2 x (1.5+0.38+1.13(#9 bar) +1.0 (#8 bar)]3 = 1.33 in

Larger is 1.5 ft

minimum stirrups (will be provided) OK

Calculate ld
f y t e d = 60,000 1.13 = 53 in or 4.42 ft ld = 20 f b 20 4000 c

Comment
Bars must be continued 3 + 4.42 = 7.42 ft past the mid-span point The theoretical cutoff point is 5.3 ft. The bars must be extended by 1.5 ft so that the actual cutoff point is 5.3 -1.5 = 3.8 ft from the support.

Bottom layer
Extend 3 in. from the end of the beam

Positive Moment Anchorage

Since the positive moment rises more rapidly than the linear variation in development length an additional check regarding bar size is needed

Positive Moment Check

Section

Shear Design
Vu
58.6

Vs = Vu/-Vc
Vs = 58.6 27.3 = 50.8 0.75
42.8 34.8 26.8 18.8

ld

1.3M n 1.3 333 12 + la = + 3 = 83 in OK Vu 64.6

Spacing, #3 U in
s= Av f y d Vs = (0.22)(60)(18) = 4.7 50.8

Maximum spacing, in. 9 in

Comments

@d d = 18 + 6 = 24 in 4 ft 6 ft 8 ft 10 ft

Shear values from loads Book calculate s first spacing at the maximu m shear not at d

Least of 52.6 46.6 40.6 34.6 .5.55 d/2 6.83 8.87 12.64 24 in Avfy/50bw

No more calculations needed since required spacing exceeds ACI maximum of 9 in

Assigned Spacing
Spacing
1 space @ 2 in 7 spaces @ 4 in 8 spaces @ 5 in 5 spaces @ 9 in Total

Extra Shear at Cut-Off

Since the shear at the cut-off location 51.7k (4.3 ft from support center is 64.6 3 x 4.3 = 51.7) > 3/4Vn (0.75 x 56.1 = 42) [ for s=5, Vs = 47.5; Vc = 27.3], additional stirrups are needed over a distance d (13.5 in. from the end of the discontinued steel)

Distance from left support

2 in 28 in 40 in 45 in 115 in

Comments
At s/2 rounded down This is the book spacing. We could have used a different spacing

9 ft 7 in from face of support

Extra Steel Details

Spacing = d/8b = 18/(8 x ) = 4.5 in. Required Av = 60bws/fy = 60 x 12 x 4.5/60000 = 0.054 in2 Provide 4#3 U, Av =0.22 in2 OK

Reinforcement Detail

Summary
The top layer is cutoff 3.8 ft or 45.6 in. from the center line of the support. The drawing shows 3 ft 4 in or 40 in from the face of the support Additional 4 No 3 U stirrups are provided over the 3/4d or 13.5 in from the ends of the discontinued bars

Comment
It would have been easier to continue the bars. However, if there were a number of repetitions, it would be worthwhile to cut the bars off There are design aids that simplify the cutoff calculations, e.g. MacGregor and Wight