Paper 2 Section A page 36 1. (a) There are clear areas surrounding the antibiotic discs.

(b) Antibiotic forms clear area on the surface of the agar. (c) (i) Quantit of bacteria culture solution (ii) The presence of antibiotic (iii) !lear area on the surface of the agar" (d) Penicillin#Antibiotic pre$ents the gro%th of bacteria. (e) An antibiotics is a substance %hich produces a clear area on the surface of the nutrient agar" (f) (i) &acteria' P and Q (irus' ) and S (ii) P and Q 2 (a) The east is more acti$e at higher temperatures.

(b) *ra% graph base on table 2 (c) As time increases" the $olume of carbon dio+ide produced increases. (d) (i) temperature (ii) (olume of gas (e) ,ermentation is the process of releasing carbon dio+ide gas. (f) -ess than . cm3 3 (b) As the temperature increases" the number of bacterial colonies increases. (c) /00! is the optimum temperature for bacterial gro%th. (d) (i) temperature (ii) diameter of bacterial colonies. Section !

/ (a) 1icroorganisms such as bacteria thri$e in the dar2 but become inacti$e under bright light. (b) (i) Aim' To stud the effect of the light on bacterial gro%th. (ii) (ariable' 3 That is 2ept constant' Quantit of bacteria# T pe of bacteria. 3 That is manipulated' light intensit 3 That responds' bacterial gro%th#cloudiness of nutrient gro%th. (iii) -ist of apparatus and materials' Sterile test tubes" electric lamp" 10 ml sterile measuring c linders" nutrient broth" bacteria culture solution. (i$) 1ethod'

3 . cm3 of sterile nutrient broth and 1 cm3 of bacteria culture solution are added into all three sterile test tubes 4" 5 and 6. 3 The mouth of each test tube is stuffed %ith sterile cotton %ool. 3 Test tube 4 is 2ept in a dar2 cupboard. 3 Test tube 5 is left in the laborator . 3 Test tube 6 is left under bright light. Tabulation of data' Test -ight !loudiness of tube intensit nutrient broth 4 5 6 !onclusion' !op the h pothesis statement. . (a) Artificial acti$e Artificial passi$e

7sing bacteria or 7sing serum $iruses that are (&lood plasma) of dead or %ea2ened animals that contain antibodies. Stimulates the Antibodies of bod to produce animal8s fight antibodies to fight pathogens in the bod pathogens. 9mmunit last 9mmunit does not long last long To pre$ent To treat tetanus and hepatitis & rabies (b) 9dentif the problem' The out brea2 of dengue fe$er. !larification of the problem' *engue fe$er spreads through Aedes mos:uito bites. Sol$ing methods' 3 *o not allo% stagnant %ater to collect around house.

3 Spra insecticide 3 !o$er the surface of drains or ponds %ith oil. 3 ,i+ netting on the door and %indo%s. &est method and e+planation' *o not allo% stagnant %ater to collect around house to pre$ent mos:uitoes from breeding.