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Design of Machine Elements
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Spiral gears are suitable for transmitting small powers As pump speed increases its NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) requirement increases If pump NPSH requirements are not satisfied, it will be cavitated Bush roller chain is used in motor cycle. The working load for a chain for crane application is expressed in terms of diameter of link in cm and given by 500 multiplied by square of diameter. If a square key and shaft are to be of the same material and or of equal strength, the length of key would be 1.23d, d=diameter of shaft In a standard coarse thread bolt the stress concentration is maximum at root. Fatigue strength of a surface may be increased by polishing the surface The maximum deflection allowed in gantry girders is L/1000 The maximum size of the fillet weld that can be used at 3 mm The maximum size of fillet weld that can be made in single pass in 6 mm A rolled steel flat designated as 50 ISF 8 means the flat is 50 mm wide and 8 mm thick. The column splice is used for increasing length of column The minimum thickness steel member exposed to weather and accessible for painting is 10 mm For determination of allowable stress in axial compression, IS: 800-1962 has adopted secant formula For accurately, cut gears operating at velocities upto 20 m/sec, the velocity factor v, is given by 6/6+v Zero axial thrust is experienced in herinnghbone gears In order to realize the advantage of fluid friction, it is essential to have parallel oil film in bearing A Shaft rotating in anti-clockwise direction at slow speed inside a bearing will be towards left side of bearing and making metal to metal contact Bearing characteristics number relating Z-absolute viscosity of lubricant, N-speed of journal and p-bearing pressure on projected bearing area is ZN/p
27. In case of a governor isochronous is only one equilibrium which is constant for all radii of rotation of the bells within the working range. 28. Module can be expressed in mm. 29. The bipolar suspension method I used to find out moment of inertia. 30. Instantaneous centre of rotation of a link in a four bar mechanism lies on a point obtained by intersection of extending adjoining links. 31. A reverted gear train is one in which the first and last gear are on the same shaft. 32. In case of spur gears the flank of the tooth is the part of the tooth surface lying below the pitch surface. 33. In case of cross helical worm the axes of two shafts are non parallel-non-interesting. 34. In case of gears the addendum is given by one module. 35. Gears for watches are generally manufactured by stamping. 36. A cam where in the follower reciprocates or oscillates in plane parallel to the axis of the cam is called cylindrical cam. 37. Rope break Dynamometers uses no lubricant. 38. Tesla fluid friction dynameters used for power measurement when the speed is high and the viscous force is small. 39. Hydraulic Dynamometers is widely used for absorption of wide range power at wide range of speed. 40. The secondary disturbing force because of inertia of reciprocating mass is given by W/g 2 r/n cos . 41. In a balancing machine the units for unbalance measurements are gm-cm. 42. In a hartnell governor if the stiffness of spring is increased the governor will become less sensitive. 43. The supply of working fluid to the engine to suit the load conditions can be controlled by governor. 44. The governor used in gramophone is of pickening type. 45. A porter governor could be classified as dead weight type governor. 46. The function of a governor is to adjust variation of speed by varying the input to the engine. 47. If D and T be the pitch circle diameter and no. of teeth of a gear, then its circular pitch p = D/T. 48. If D1 and T1 be the diameter and no. of teeth of gear 1 and D2 and T2 the corresponding value of other gear in mesh, then ratio N1/N2, will be equal to D2/D1. 49. A scott-russel mechanism is made up of sliding and turning pairs. 50. Ackerman steering gear is made up of turning pairs. 51. A sliding crank chain is made up of three turning and one sliding pairs. 52. A motor car takes a bend of certain radius in right hand direction when moving at some speed. If engine rotates in a clockwise direct when viewed from front, then because of centrifugal force reaction on outside wheel is increased and on inside wheels decreased. 53. If be the static deflection of shaft under the gravity load, then natural frequency of the system in case of the longitudinal and transverse vibration is equal to 1/2 g/. 54. Cold working increased the fatigue strength. 55. Coaxing is the procedure of increasing fatigue limit by overstressing the metal by successively increasing loadings. 56. The notch angle of the Izod impact test specimen is 450. 57. In vickers hardness testing, the pyramid indentor apex is 400.
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Antifreeze chemicals are those that lower down the freezing points of liquids. Clog point of an oil refer to the temperature at which paraffin and waxes in oil start precipitating. If value of n is defiantly large in a polytropic pVn = C. Then the process is called constant volume process. A heat exchange process where the product of pressure and volume remains constant is called hyperbolic process. Zeroth law of thermodynamics provides the basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature. 1 watt = 1 Nm/s. For a six compression of air set, with the minimum work condition the temperature rise in the cylinders will be the same. In case of steam engine the cut off ratio is the ratio of piston stroke which the piston has travelled when cut off occurs. The reason for insulating the pipe is to minimize the heat loss from the surface. Under ideal conditions isothermal, isobaric, isochoric and adiabatic processes are quasi-static processes. Isentropic flow is reversible adiabatic flow. Exhaust gases from a engine possess kinetic energy The extension and compression of a helical spring is an example of reversible process. At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is zero. Change in temperature = zero relation is not applicable in a free expansion process. An ideal engine absorbs heat at a temperature of 1270c and exhausts heat at a temperature of 770c.Its efficiency will be 13%. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not condense.
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Sweep pattern is used for moulding parts having uniform symmetrical shape. The helix angle on a HSS (High Speed Steel) twist drill for drilling cast iron is of the order of 24-320. The usual value of helix angle of a drill is 30 0. A twist drill is specified by shank, material and diameter. Broaching operation is generally used in automobile industry as semi-skilled operators can be employed. For proper broaching operation at least three number of teeth should be in the work at a time.
43. In process annealing process, the hypoeutectoid steel is heated below A 1 line with a view to make steel ductile for cold working. 44. The imperfection in the crystal structure of metal is known as dislocation. 45. Polyesters belong to the group of thermosetting plastics. 46. The effect of alloying zinc to copper is to increase strength and ductility (if added up to 10-30 %.)
The following topics are important from the exam point of view
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Carburization (Metallurgy) Shear force in riveted joint (Machine Design) Current requirement in spot welding (Joining method) Sheet metal working (Joining method) Low carbon steel (Metallurgy) Rake angles effect (Theory of metal cutting) Mean friction angle (Theory of metal cutting) Tool geometry, Tool signature (Theory of metal cutting) Single cutting point tool (Theory of metal cutting) ECM electrodes (Modern machining methods) Point to point cutting NC system (CAD/CAM) Boiler rating (Power plant application) Steam and vapor cycle, Rankine cycle (Power plant application) Brake thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics) Diffuser, super and subsonic diffuser geometry (Turbo machinery) Specific speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines) Unit speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines) Thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics, Power plant) Heat transfer from fin, insulated tips (Heat transfer) COP of refrigeration and heat pump (Refrigeration) Deformation (Strength of Materials) Instantaneous centre (Theory of machines) Spherical roller bearing ( Machine Design) Fatigue strength ( Machine Design) Iron carbon diagram (Metallurgy) Casting types and design of castings (Manufacturing) Type of non-conventional processes (Manufacturing) Pitot tubes, Mcloyed gauge, planimeter, LVDT (Measurement systems) Unit speed of turbines(Fluid machines) Bernoulli's equation (Fluid mechanics) DC/AC welding, straight and reverse polarity (Welding Technology - manufacturing) Shaft and hole, tolerance and interference (Machine Design) Milling table speed, turning and drilling speed, feed rate ( manufacturing) Centrifugal casting ( manufacturing) NC machines ( manufacturing) Gas turbine cycles, reheating processes (Power plant engineering) Regeneration and co-generation (Power plant engineering) Properties of Refrigerant (Refrigeration) Radiative heat transfer, Stefan Boltzmann constant. (Heat and mass transfer) Equivalent evaporation of boiler and enthalpy of evaporation (Power plant engineering) Cavitation and vapor pressure (Thermodynamics-Fluid mechanics) Mohrs circle radius (Strength of Materials) Strain energy due to bending (Strength of Materials) No of degree of freedom (Theory of Machines) Soderberg equation (Machine Design)