MC STEELSER (Almacén Industrial Piura 1056 Con Juntas - Dramix 3D6550 BL 1520)

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Dramix
Dramix Pro Copyright NV BEKAERT SA Bekaertstraat 2, 8550 Zwevegem All rights reserved Design of ground supported steelfiber reinforced floors based on the Losberg Yield Line model
Design made for : Project : Project Segment :
STEELSER SAC Losa Industrial Piura Losa 1056m2 Con Juntas
Design made by :
Street : Address : Tel. : Fax : Email :
Giomar Moya Av. Nstor Gambetta 6429 CALLAO CALLAO 6 +5116136666 +5116289506 gmoya@prodac.com.pe
Introduction
Design guidelines
Dramix steelfibers cause a change in material properties and the main effect of adding steelfibers to the concrete is to provide toughness to this brittle material.
file:///C:/Program%20Files/Dramix%20Pro/HTML/English%20(British)/Result.html
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One of the major applications, for which Dramix steelfibers are particularly suitable, is slabs-ongrade. Plain concrete slabs fail suddenly once it cracks while Dramix steelfiber concrete is able to sustain higher loads after first cracking. It is therefor important that the correct design principles are being used which take the toughness (post-crack) behaviour into account. Elastic design methods, such as Westergaard, are not suitable, as they give no indication on the safety build into the floor by adding the steelfibers to the concrete. Therefor this design note is based on the yield line principles and consists out of three major parts: ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE design Laboratory testing of full-scale SFRC slabs-onground indicated that the slab behaves linearelastically up to the proportional limit (FR). As the elastic limit is exceeded, the concrete remains ductile but the concrete modulus softens. This is illustrated in Figure 1 by the decreased slope of the curve between points FR and FR. As the load is increased beyond FR, the concrete modulus softens again. More redistribution of stresses and energy absorption occurs until the ultimate strength of the slab cross-section is reached. In the strength design procedure, the margin of safety is provided by dividing the calculated ultimate strength by a load factor ( Q) and a material factor ( fd). The material properties, equivalent flexural stress, of the Dramix steelfiber concrete should be tested according the JSCE-SF4 (Japan), ASTM C 1018 94b (U.S.A.), TR34 (U.K.), DBV Merkbltter Faserbeton (Germany), CUR 35 (The Netherlands), NF P 18 409 (France), NBN B 15-238 (Belgium) or similar standards. Important to mention is that the Post-Crack strength up to a deflection of mm (l = Span
between the supports of the test beam) has to be measured with a deformation steered test machine. The first crack strength of the concrete is NOT a valid design value, as it gives no indication on the Post-Crack behaviour of the composite material. SERVICEABILITY STATE check In the Serviceability State following items are checked. - Possible cracks opening in case the concrete does crack. For the crack opening design following loads are being considered >> Unfactored external loads >> Stresses due to shrinkage. >> top to bottom of the slab. Deflection of the floor ( Punching Even as practice has shown that punching is very rarely the cause for slab failure this design note makes a check whether the highest point and/or wheelloads could cause punching failure. settlement of the sub-base)
Construction Recommendations
Following topics represent some of the most important features of slab-on-ground construction. See industry guidelines such as TR345 and ACI 306 for more comprehensive guidelines. The following
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items should be specified in the contract documents prepared by the engineer of record: By no means do these construction recommendations replace the general contract specification or the experienced layman. 1. Specifications Standard Specifications for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete are available through Bekaert Corporation. 2. Steel fiber type and dosage While all Dramix steel fibers for flooring applications have the same hooked-end configuration, the fiber type (length, diameter and tensile strength) varies depending on specific project conditions. It is important to provide the exact fiber designation and dosage on the contract documents. 3. Batching considerations See Dramix Product data sheets 4. Soil support system The soil support system should be well drained and provide adequate and uniform load-bearing support. Specific attention should be given to the site preparation requirements, including proof-rolling, because the performance of a slab on ground depends on the integrity of both the soil support system and the slab. The in-place density of the soil support system should be at least the minimum required by the specifications, and the base should be free of frost before the concrete placing begins and able to support construction traffic such as loaded truck mixers. Proof-rolling is an excellent means to determine that the soil support system is adequate to provide a uniformly stable and adequate bearing support during and after construction. Proof-rolling, observed by the owners representative, should be accomplished by a loaded tandem axle dump truck, a load truck mixer, roller, or equivalent. In any case, multiple passes should be made using a pre-established grid pattern. If rutting or pumping is evident at any time during the preparation of the soil support system, repairs such as, but not limited to, raking smooth or compacting with suitable compaction equipment should be undertaken. "Rutting" normally occurs when the surface of the base is wet and the underlying soils are firm. "Pumping" normally occurs when the surface of the base is dry and the underlying soils are wet. Any depression in the surface deeper than 13 mm should be repaired. The tolerance of the subbase should follow the local standards or jobsite specification with a maximum tolerances of

+/- 10 mm for +/- 30 mm for Linear interpolation between 150 mm and 400 mm for corresponding maximum tolerances.
5. Vapour retarder Proper moisture protection is desirable for any slab on ground where the floor will be covered by tile, wood, carpet, impermeable floor coatings, (urethane, epoxy, or acrylic terrazzo), or where the floor will be in contact with any moisture-sensitive equipment or product. Many industrial warehouses or production facilities do not require a vapour retarder. It is suggested that vapour retarders should be installed only in conditions that warrant their use. If a vapour retarder is required due to local conditions, it should be placed under a minimum of 75mm to 100-mm granular fill such as "crusher run" material. Following compaction, the surface may be choked off with a fine-grade material to reduce friction between the base material and the slab. The granular fill, as well as the fine-graded material, should have sufficient moisture content to be compactible, but still be dry enough at the time of concrete placement to act as a "blotter." 6. Aggregates Aggregates should conform to industry standards such as ASTM C 33. Combined aggregate gradations should conform to industry standards such as ACI 544.1R8. A uniform gradation is necessary to produce a desirable matrix while reducing water demand of the concrete mixture and reducing the amount of cement paste required to coat the aggregates and steel fibers. 7. Proportioning Mix design proportions of SFRC are similar to those of conventional concrete mixes. Recommended ranges of mix proportions are provided in industry standards such as ACI 544.1R. For high dosage rates the mix design should be optimised in view of workability and pumpability.
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8. Admixtures Admixtures are commonly used with SFRC to improve workability and finishability. If more than one type of admixture is used, each should be batched separately. Admixtures should meet the requirements of local industry standards. 9. Curing Curing is vital to good flatwork. Wet burlap, plastic film and sprayed-applied membranes may be considered as conditions warrant. Industry standards such as ACI 302 are available for more comprehensive information on curing. 10. Saw-cut joints Both conventional wet-cut and early-entry dry-cut saws may be used to sawcut joints in SFRC floors. The saw-cut depth using conventional wet-cut blades should be 1/3 of the slab depth. The saw-cut using the early-entry saw should be 1/3 of the slab depth if practicable and a minimum of 25-mm. Regardless of the process chosen, saw-cutting should be performed (1) before the concrete starts to cool, (2) as soon as the concrete surface is firm enough not to the torn or damaged by the blade, and (3) before random-drying-shrinkage cracks can form in the concrete slab. Shrinkage stresses start building up in the concrete as it sets and cools. If sawing is unduly delayed, the concrete can crack randomly before it is sawed.
Liability
Dramix steelfibers, where added to concrete, will enable the latter to sustain higher loads (when compared to plain concrete) after first cracking. In this respect, "Dramix Pro" is meant to be a methodology that is to allow the users of the Dramix steelfibers (where such fibers are added to concrete) to determine the performance of Dramix steelfiber reinforced concrete; performance, as stated above, means the limit between serviceability on the one hand and un-safety on the other hand of Dramix steelfiber reinforced concrete being submitted to given loads. Whereas BEKAERT is confident with the scientific quality of "Dramix Pro" and whereas, as a result thereof, BEKAERT warrants the validity of the software and the resulting design note as a methodology, BEKAERT is nevertheless unable to have an insight in (and a control over) the correctness of the data (such as but not limited to correct loads and material factors) that are actually being used by others for the purpose of any calculation that is being made on the basis of the software. In addition, BEKAERT is also unable to have an insight in (and a control over) the respect by others of the conditions (such as but not limited to the subbase tolerance, the mixing of Dramix steelfibers with concrete according to BEKAERT specifications, the timely curing of the concrete, the use of adequate curing components) that are precedent to Dramix steelfiber reinforced concrete performing as intended. In respect of what precedes, BEKAERT hereby declines any liability whatsoever for losses and/or damages of whatever kind (and sustained by whomever) that might result either from use by others of erroneous data (where used for the purpose of any calculation that is being made on the basis of the software) or from disrespect by others of any of the conditions that are precedent to Dramix steelfiber reinforced concrete performing as intended. BEKAERT can not be considered to be nor to become an architect and/or building engineer on the sole basis of BEKAERT providing to others the Dramix "design note" and in the same respect, BEKAERT can not be considered to accept any of the liabilities that may possibly devolve on architects and/or building engineers. Finally, the Dramix "design note" does not relieve others to test the material properties, equivalent flexural stress, of the Dramix steelfiber reinforced concrete according to the standards stated above. By the single fact of utilising the Dramix "design note", the user accepts and agrees that this utilisation is considered to be done or to have been done under the terms and conditions stated above. By the same fact, the user agrees to waive all rights of subrogation against BEKAERT and/or to hold BEKAERT harmless from and against all claims for all losses and/or damages (of whatever kind and by whomever sustained) for which BEKAERT, pursuant to what precedes, declines liability. The Dramix "detailed design note" may not be used for any other purpose than for making
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calculations in respect of the Dramix steelfibers; violation hereof shall entail legal proceedings by BEKAERT in view of indemnification of all losses that BEKAERT may sustain as a result of such violation. At all times, the rights of intellectual property over the Dramix "detailed design note" will remain vested in BEKAERT; the single fact of the utilisation by others of the Dramix "detailed design note" can under no circumstances be considered to constitute a transfer to others of the rights of intellectual property over the Dramix "detailed design note". The sales of the Dramix "detailed design note" (and/or the commercialising thereof in any other way) to others is strictly prohibited; violation hereof shall entail legal proceedings by BEKAERT in view of indemnification of all losses that BEKAERT may sustain as a result of such violation.
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2. Input Data
Load Cases
TWO WHEELLOADS N W1 W2 35 kN Load 0.85 N/mm2 Contact a Distance 1800 mm
EIGHT WHEELLOADS IN A RECTANGLE N W1,W2 W3,W4 W5,W6 W7,W8 23 kN/ / Load 0.85 N/mm2/ / contact 400 mm 1400 mm 1200 mm
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Concrete Characteristics
Following concrete characteristics have been applied in this design. CONCRETE CHARACTERISTICS Compressive strength Flexural strength f fctk f fctm E-modulus Poisson Coefficient Relaxation factor Shrinkage factor () Concrete age correction factor Ec c c 'c 3000 psi 3.40 N/mm2 3.40 N/mm2 21350.00 N/mm2 0.15 2.60 0.40 1 - 28 d.
Resilient Sub-base
Input
CBR =40.00 % According the Middlebrooks en Bertran graph the equivalent K value is ks = 0.109 N/mm3
Elastic radius of rigidity = 487 mm
= 6142.9 kNm/m i = 281250.0 mm3/m = 0.25
Safety Factors
Material Factors
Concrete
Ultimate Limit State

1.50
Serviceability Limit State

1.00
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SF-concrete Steel
1.20 1.15
1.00 1.00
Load Factors
Variable Loads Dynamic Factor 1.20 1.40 1.00 1.00
Dynamic factor = 1.16 Not used in calculation
N = 100000.00 (Number of load repititions)
Load Transfer
General
A large concrete slab is traditionally divided into smaller areas by means of contraction joints. Aggregate interlock enables to transfer part of the load to the adjacent slab(s). The values taken in this design are based the PCA document for unreinforced concrete. Further research will enable us to enhance these factors. Contraction
joints
= 1.76 mm (Xs, Ys, see shrinkage)
= 0.73
Intersection
of two sawcut joints

= 0.61
Doweled = 0.60
joints
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Perimeter Mesh
Input
At = 188 mm2/m =7.21 kNm A = 0 mm2/m

b
Ct = 50 mm M'SLS=8.29 kNm Cb = 0 mm =0.00 kNm MSLS= 0.00 kNm
If a mesh for the edge has been selected, it is authomatically assumed that in the corner the same mesh is placed. In the tabels below the values for (m+m') have already been adjusted with the M' the mesh can take.
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Type of load Number of loads Positioning of the loads Location on the floor
: Wheelload :2 : In line : Aside the intersection of two contraction joints
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: Wheelload :8 : in a rectangle : Aside the intersection of two contraction joints
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: Wheelload :2 : In line : Over the intersection of two contraction joints
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: Wheelload :8 : In a rectangle : Over the intersection of two contraction joints
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: : : :
Wheelload 2 in Line Center
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: : : :
Wheelload 8 in a rectangle Center
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: : : :
Wheelload 2 In line Contraction joint
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: : : :
Wheelload 8 In a rectangle Contraction joint
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: : : :
Wheelload 2 In line Doweled expansion joint
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: : : :
Wheelload 8 In a rectangle Doweled Joint
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: : : :
Wheelload 2 In line Edge with a perimeter mesh - Perpendicular
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: : : :
Wheelload 8 in a rectangle At the edge - Perpendicular
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: : : :
Wheelload 2 In line Edge with a perimeter mesh - Parallel
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: : : :
Wheelload 8 in a rectangle At the edge - Parallel
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Shrinkage
Input
XS = YS = XD = YD =
4400 mm 4400 mm 26400 mm 26400 mm
Temperature
Input
Tt = 35 C Tb = 20 C
Result
Structure
A general overview of the design equations is illustrated through the simple example of a concentrated load (Fig. 1). When a concentrated load, much less than the ultimate load, is applied over a small circular area on a relatively large concrete slab, the stresses can be computed for an elastic and infinite plate on an elastic sub-base (See curve one in Fig. 1). The first portion of the curve (up to FR) illustrates this in Figure 2. As the load increases beyond FR, plastic hinges form at the bottom of the slab. Stresses begin to be distributed from the bottom towards the top of the slab at this point. As the load reaches FR, circumferential hinges form at the top of the slab. Complete failure of the slab occurs by punching shear at a load even greater than FR, provided the contact area is adequate. Ultimate flexural strength at the bottom and top of the slab cross-section are given by mean equivalent strength (Eqn. 1) and mean modulus of rupture (Eqn. 2) values:
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WE DISTINGUISH 2 SITUATIONS Bottom yields Occurring moment : m Occurring flexural stress : Eqn. 1 Top yields Occurring moment : m Occurring flexural stress : Eqn. 2
-> There is STRUCTURAL STABILITY when :
-> STRUCTURAL SAFETY is achieved with the following :

Enhance the loads with load factors. (See above) Decrease the admissible stresses with material factors. (See above)
From the yield line analysis and the chosen load cases the following maximum moments were achieved:
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Bending moments (kNm) Loads Shrinkage Temperature Settlement Floor thickness 150 mm (m+m)max 12.32 kNm

(m+m)max 7.33 kNm 1.84 kNm 1.95 kNm 0.00 kNm
>
Required SF concrete flexural stress 1.22 N/mm2 Materials 0.00 N/mm2

Concrete design stress Dramix type Dosage 2.27 N/mm2

3.40 N/mm2
RC 65/60 BN 20 kg/m
3
type Dosage
RC 65/60 BN 20 kg/m3 1.87 N/mm2 55.00
1.60 N/mm2 SF Ductility (%) Ultimate Limit State: Serviceability Limit State: 47.00
for a dosage of 20 kg/m Dramix RC 65/60 BN. for a dosage of 20 kg/m Dramix RC 65/60 BN.
3
DRAMIX PROPOSAL
Structure
CLIENT OBJECT STEELSER SAC Losa 1056m2 Con Juntas PROJECT DESIGN MADE BY Losa Industrial Piura Giomar Moya
Please find enclosed a Dramix Steel Fiber design for concrete slab on grade reinforcement. The Dramix solution is based on the following assumptions : Assumptions / Design Criteria CBR k value : Concrete compressive strength, f ck : For ultimate limit state, the governing load case is : Eight wheels in a rectagle - Saw Cut 40.00 3000 psi 12.32 kNm
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For serviceability limit state, the governing load case is : Eight wheels in a rectagle - Saw Cut Temperature differential between top and Bottom of the slab Coefficient of friction () between slab and subbase :
11.12 kNm 15 C 1.20
Dramix Solution Floor thickness : Dosage : Fiber type : Re,3 value : Equivalent flexural strength (Ffct,eq,150) : Max joint spacing : 150 mm 20 kg/m3 RC 65/60 BN 47.00 % 1.60 N/mm2 4400 mm * 4400 mm
NOTE : This proposal is made with the understanding that the slab will be constructed in using the construction recommendations contained in the introduction of this document.
Remarks
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MC STEELSER (Almacén Industrial Piura 1056 Con Juntas - Dramix 3D6550 BL 1520)

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V 4.6.

0 - STEELSER SAC - Losa Industrial Piura - Losa 1056m2 Con Juntas

Elastic radius of rigidity = 487 mm

= 6142.9 kNm/m i = 281250.0 mm3/m = 0.25

Ultimate Limit State

Serviceability Limit State

Dynamic factor = 1.16 Not used in calculation

N = 100000.00 (Number of load repititions)

of two sawcut joints

At = 188 mm2/m =7.21 kNm A = 0 mm2/m

Ct = 50 mm M'SLS=8.29 kNm Cb = 0 mm =0.00 kNm MSLS= 0.00 kNm

: Wheelload :2 : In line : Aside the intersection of two contraction joints

: Wheelload :8 : in a rectangle : Aside the intersection of two contraction joints

: Wheelload :2 : In line : Over the intersection of two contraction joints

: Wheelload :8 : In a rectangle : Over the intersection of two contraction joints

Wheelload 2 in Line Center

Wheelload 8 in a rectangle Center

Wheelload 2 In line Contraction joint

Wheelload 8 In a rectangle Contraction joint

Wheelload 2 In line Doweled expansion joint

Wheelload 8 In a rectangle Doweled Joint

Wheelload 2 In line Edge with a perimeter mesh - Perpendicular

Wheelload 8 in a rectangle At the edge - Perpendicular

Wheelload 2 In line Edge with a perimeter mesh - Parallel

Wheelload 8 in a rectangle At the edge - Parallel

4400 mm 4400 mm 26400 mm 26400 mm

-> There is STRUCTURAL STABILITY when :

-> STRUCTURAL SAFETY is achieved with the following :

Ultimate Limit State

Serviceability Limit State

Required SF concrete flexural stress 1.22 N/mm2 Materials 0.00 N/mm2

Ultimate Limit State

Serviceability Limit State

RC 65/60 BN 20 kg/m3 1.87 N/mm2 55.00

11.12 kNm 15 C 1.20

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